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Fischer vs FIDE, 1975
Fischer forfeits.

After defeating Spassky in 1972, Bobby Fischer stopped playing serious chess, turning down several lucrative offers to play in public.

Fischer, circa 1971 In 1974, Fischer's challenger was decided: he was an emerging Russian chess superstar, Anatoly Karpov, who had defeated Korchnoi in the candidate's final to earn him the right to challenge Fischer.

In September, 1973, Fred Cramer, Vice President (Zone 5) of FIDE, proposed that the world championship match be decided on 10 wins, draws not counting. He also proposed that the champion retains his title if it were a 9-9 tie. This became known as the Cramer proposal. Fischer telegrammed FIDE informing them that they should adopt the Cramer proposal.1

Opponents of the proposal argued that the unlimited format is impractical, and that the 9-9 rule affords the champion too great of an advantage. Proponents claimed that the proposal would encourage exciting chess (because draws do not count) and that it more accurately determined the better player. Fischer argued the merits of the proposal in a 1974 letter to FIDE:

The first player to win ten games, draws not counting, with unlimited number of games wins the match. If the score is nine wins to nine wins, draws not counting, the champion retains title and the match is declared drawn with the money split equally. Versus the old system of the best of 24 games wins the match (12.5 points) and if 12-12 the match is drawn with the champion retaining the title and prize fund is split equally. Draws do count in this system.

The unlimited match favors the better player. This is the most important point, because in the limited game system the match outcome can turn on a very low number of wins, giving the weaker player a chance to "luck out." Also, in the limited game system the player who takes a game or two lead has an advantage out of all proportion. This creates an added element of chance. The player who wins the match should be the player who plays best over the long run, not the player who jumps off to an early lead.2

In June, 1974, the FIDE Congress in Nice approved the 10-win regulation and the elimination of draws from the scoring, but imposed a 36-game limit and rejected the 9-9 proposal. On June 27, 1974, Fischer sent a telegram from Pasadena, California to the FIDE Congress:
As I made clear in my telegram to the FIDE delegates, the match conditions I proposed were non-negotiable ... FIDE has decided against my participation in the 1975 World Chess Championship. I therefore resign my FIDE World Championship title.

In March, 1975, an extraordinary FIDE Congress was held in Osterbek, Netherlands, and it was agreed to have an unlimited number of world championship games, but still refused the 9-9 rule (32 votes for it, and 35 votes against it). 3 Fischer, unwilling to budge, refused to defend his title.

In Karpov's memoirs he recounts how he was disappointed to not have a chance to become champion in the traditional manner:

I don't know how Fischer feels about it, but I consider it a huge loss that he and I never played our match. I felt like the child who has been promised a wonderful toy and has it offered to him but then, at the last moment, it's taken away.4

On April 3rd, 1975, Karpov was declared the 12th World Champion.

1 Robert James Fischer, by Bill Wall
2 Bobby Fischer letter to FIDE, 1974
3 Robert James Fischer, by Bill Wall
4 Karpov on Karpov: Memoirs of a Chess World Champion, by Anatoly Karpov, Athenuem Press, 1992.

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Kibitzer's Corner
< Earlier Kibitzing  · PAGE 66 OF 73 ·  Later Kibitzing>
May-19-11  TheMacMan: fischer would have won 9-0 .. maybe karpov would have gotten a draw or 2
May-19-11  SirChrislov: I tried to make all this wrong seem right but Bobby never answered me.
May-20-11  M.D. Wilson: There's absolutely no reason whatsoever to think that Karpov couldn't have won this match given his proven form and trajectory. It's only reasonable to be less sure of Fischer's chances given a distinct lack of evidence proving otherwise.
May-20-11
Premium Chessgames Member
  dx9293: My opinion: Fischer would have won a close match (two or three points difference).

Fischer was a great player...the greatest in history up to his time? I'm not convinced about that. Personally, I would have liked to see him compete in the Soviet Championships and the USSR supertournaments of the day, but I know that would have been impossible.

I think Lasker, Capablanca, Alekhine, and Smyslov achieved at least as much as Fischer did, and maybe Tal too: Fischer only won 10 international tournaments.

I don't think Fischer's match exploits are enough to make him the greatest. But it's just my opinion.

May-21-11  M.D. Wilson: Only 10 international tournaments? Karpov won more than two dozen in less than 10 years!

Fischer reached the highest level in 1971-1972 and brought the game to new heights, and for that we should thank him.

We sure missed some great matches between Karpov and Fischer.

May-21-11
Premium Chessgames Member
  perfidious: <TheMacMan: fischer would have won 9-0 .. maybe karpov would have gotten a draw or 2>

Oh, yes........

Fischer reached the pinnacle of his life's purpose by winning the title, and as he saw it, there was only one way for his career to go from the top of the mountain.

Great a player as Fischer was, his psychological frailties drove him away from the object of his devotion.

Anyone here believe he'd have returned twenty years on if not for the money? I rather doubt it.

May-21-11  M.D. Wilson: That's why players like Karpov and Kasparov were so great; they put their careers on the line time and time again when they were already considered the best ever.
May-21-11
Premium Chessgames Member
  parisattack: <dx9293: My opinion: Fischer would have won a close match (two or three points difference).>

My thought also. And it seems to be the most common opinion.

As good as Karpov was in 1975 he wasn't at his peak. A motivated Fischer would have won then but probably not in 1978.

Lest we forget how good Karpov was however, the games in How Karpov Wins (Mednis) covering the early 1970s portion of his career is illuminating.

May-26-11  M.D. Wilson: Yes, that's Spassky's assessment, and it's reasonable. Still, there's no reason not to think that Karpov couldn't have won the 1975 match given his proven form. It's only fair to be less sure of Fischer's chances given a distinct lack of evidence to the contrary. Fact is, Fischer didn't play much if any chess after winning the Title and felt that an unlimited games format gave him the best chance of winning. He wasn't afraid of Karpov, but rather, of the unknown, but then again, who wouldn't be? It takes a real sportsman to rise to the challenge once again, and Fischer declined, thus assuring his legacy and legend.
May-26-11  Paraconti: In a 24-game match the match would've been drawn 12-12.

In a first to win 10 match, it would be close for about 15 games or so, then a long series of draws before Fischer racing ahead with 2-3 wins and the Soviets would pull Karpov out of the match, claiming unfair conditions and their man being exhausted.

Past behavior is an indication of the future, and so is it the other way round.

May-26-11  Troller: <Past behavior is an indication of the future, and so is it the other way round.>

Yes, therefore it is unthinkable that Fischer ever seriously considered playing Karpov.

May-26-11
Premium Chessgames Member
  SetNoEscapeOn: At some point in the first 10 games Fischer would have made some demand or other, suddenly required some concession.

Karpov would have smiled and pointed to the rules, and Fischer would have been forfeited. We didn't miss much.

May-26-11  fab4: <M.D. Wilson: There's absolutely no reason whatsoever to think that Karpov couldn't have won this match given his proven form and trajectory. It's only reasonable to be less sure of Fischer's chances given a distinct lack of evidence proving otherwise.>

You really do post some rubbish in this place. I've long ceased taking you seriously.

May-27-11  M.D. Wilson: You're a real gem, fab4. I suppose I must have hurt your sensitivities some time ago. Despite this, you never fail to read my posts which you claim are rubbish. I cannot actually ever recall reading one of your posts.
May-29-11  Paraconti: <troller><Yes, therefore it is unthinkable that Fischer ever seriously considered playing Karpov.>

Lol. Nice retort. Can't beat that!

May-29-11
Premium Chessgames Member
  SteinitzLives: Per GM Dzhindzhi who claims to have played lots of speed chess with Fischer in the early 80's, Fischer was no longer playing near Fischer strength at that point, and it would have taken him 3 years of prep to get in any kind of shape to play and defeat top players.

He also said that in '75 and probably in '78 Fischer would have defeated Karpov, but not in 81.

Jul-10-11  Capabal: <einneu: ...Playing for 10 wins, there is no draw when score is 9-9. In no sport in the world.>

Quite right. The notion of a "draw" when you play for a fixed number of wins is an absurdity. And that's why in the first Karpov-Kasparov match (set to 6 wins) nobody ever suggested there should be a 5-5 "draw" rule. Had that been the case, the match would have been over when the score reached 5-1.

The rule that Fischer demanded would be like proposing a tennis match in the following terms: <The first player to win 3 sets, wins the match. But that should apply only to my opponent. I want a special rule for me, stating that I only need to win 2 sets.> There is no difference *whatsoever* between that kind of proposal and what Fischer was proposing. The "draw" notion is a canard. There is no draw if you play to a set number of wins where draws don't count.

Jul-10-11  fab4: < M.D. Wilson: You're a real gem, fab4. I suppose I must have hurt your sensitivities some time ago. Despite this, you never fail to read my posts which you claim are rubbish. I cannot actually ever recall reading one of your posts >

Likewise.

Tho you saying you've never read a single post of mine ? Hmmmm !

Jul-14-11  Capabal: Very interesting piece here. I copy the last part.

http://www.chessbanter.com/rec-game... [...]
As you might be able to tell, I think very little of Kalme's work. He massages, fudges and tosses out data so freely as to make his conclusions worthless. And his attempts to prove that 2 is less than 1 simply don't fly.

Besides, the whole argument is beside the point anyway. What difference does it make even if we could prove that Fischer's system is less unfair than the Best of 24 system? Fischer promised to eliminate the champion's advantage, not reduce it. Believe it or not, Kalme does consider this point:

<"Even if one wanted to do away with the champion's advantage, it is a question that deserves a careful consideration, and at the very least such action must be projected to a future date when it would be directed against an abstract champion and not against a specific one...">

He seems to be singing a different tune here. A minute ago he had no problem whatsoever in advocating a sweeping and unprecedented change in the system without careful study.

But he was ignoring history. What he suggests is precisely what HAD been done already. The champion's advantage was eliminated at the FIDE Congress in Vancounver in 1971 where they voted <at Fischer's behest> that the 1975 match would be an unlimited one. No tie clause, and no evidence that Fischer had ever asked for one. Remember that as challenger he opposed the champion's advantage. And it was done against an abstract champion, just as Kalme suggested.

Comparisons of Fischer's system vs. the Best of 24 are therefore improper from the get go, as that system had been discarded for 1975 before Fischer even became Challenger. The system on the table for 1975 was 6 wins, no tie clause. Fischer wasn't trying to reduce the champion's advantage, he was trying to re-introduce it after it had already been abolished. When Fischer asked for 10 wins instead of 6, FIDE granted it, but put a 36 game limit on it (subtly re-introducing the champion's advantage, since there was now an 18-18 tie clause).

But Fischer wanted it both ways. He wanted not only to re-introduce the champion's advantage after it had been eliminated, but to keep the unlimited match format as well. He could have had one or the other, but not both. Seeing as how he'd wanted the unlimited match for years, and also said for years that the champion's advantage was unfair, I think he should have taken the 10 wins no tie clause option.

5. GM Evans agreed with Graeme that nobody knows if Fischer would have played Karpov in 1975 even if FIDE accepted ALL of his conditions.

Yes, I don't know if he would have played. He might have done so if he had felt he would have looked too bad by refusing. In fact, I think FIDE crossed him up. Remember, that he resigned the title in 1974 the day after FIDE limited the match. If he was trying to get out of playing, walking out over the Unlimited Match would gain him a lot of sympathy. A lot of people believed in that format and wanted to see it tried in modern chess. But at the end, when FIDE finally granted the 10 Wins unlimited match, Fischer had nothing to walk out over except the 9-9 clause, which a lot of people even in America thought was unfair. It wasn't his original intention to walk out over that, and he'd probably have preferred not to.

We do know though that Fischer wasn't too eager to play chess at all, against Karpov or anybody else. He was furious at both the Soviets and FIDE at the time. Do you realize how much damage Fischer could have done to them both if he'd played a title defense outside of FIDE's auspices? Do you realize how terrible FIDE would have looked if, after the 1978 Match, Fischer had said to Korchnoi "You got screwed in Baguio. Why don't you and I play a match for the REAL title." The Soviets seemed to have been scared silly that he might do exactly that, but Fischer just didn't want to play chess any more.

Sep-26-11  blazerdoodle: <In my opinion?. Bobby was a great chess player, no doubt, but by this time of his career, the thing was just an inflated ego trip, which lasted until his last day.>

Sad but true. But all this talk, who would have won, we forget the rules themselves ...

A long grueling match where Fischer was in his element, and a Karpov who could have used it much as Kasparov did in his first match with Karpov and grown.

My only point is, the rules should have been adopted. They're just.

Sep-27-11  Psihadal: I've always had and still have great animosity towards Fischer for chickening out and depriving the chess world of a match between these these two. This in my eyes was the biggest let down in the history of chess, even bigger than the split of the title.

A match between Fischer and Karpov in 1975? Every chess fan salivates just at the thought of that. Unfortunately, Fischer was being Fischer - His nerve and cowardice prevented us from watching one of the most exciting matches in history (and maybe even more than one match in years to come). What a poor sportsman he was.

Sep-27-11  KKDEREK: True thing..Fischer x karpov would be *huge*..Better than Spassky x Fischer or Karpov x Korchnoi, for sure (or at least tougher for Fischer IMO). And better than the previous matches..Would be <insane> the two K's and Korchnoi battling with a more mature Fischer in the early 80's.
Oct-23-11  madcat: Fisher has never beaten Spassky, many would have said their is no way he would win. We might never know who would have won. This is the second time World Championship was unknown.
Oct-23-11  chesstyro: I think its a bit of a cop out, but could the answer just be Fishcer was paranoid/nuts? I saw that hbo documentary and i think it was obvious that bobby was nuts.
Oct-23-11
Premium Chessgames Member
  FSR: <chesstyro> I'm no psychiatrist, but I'm sure that Fischer was mentally ill, including paranoia.
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