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Rubinstein 
 
Akiba Rubinstein
Number of games in database: 1,040
Years covered: 1897 to 1948
Overall record: +477 -166 =295 (66.6%)*
   * Overall winning percentage = (wins+draws/2) / total games
      Based on games in the database; may be incomplete.
      102 exhibition games, odds games, etc. are excluded from this statistic.

MOST PLAYED OPENINGS
With the White pieces:
 Queen's Pawn Game (128) 
    D02 A46 D05 D00 A40
 Orthodox Defense (50) 
    D63 D64 D61 D53 D52
 Nimzo Indian (39) 
    E38 E34 E46 E44 E21
 Queen's Gambit Declined (38) 
    D37 D30 D31 D36 D35
 Tarrasch Defense (33) 
    D33 D32 D34
 King's Gambit Declined (23) 
    C30 C31 C32
With the Black pieces:
 Ruy Lopez (103) 
    C79 C77 C98 C68 C88
 Orthodox Defense (51) 
    D63 D60 D52 D61 D55
 Four Knights (47) 
    C48 C49 C47
 Queen's Pawn Game (46) 
    D02 D00 D04 D05 A46
 French Defense (41) 
    C01 C11 C10 C00 C02
 Queen's Gambit Declined (35) 
    D31 D30 D37 D06
Repertoire Explorer

NOTABLE GAMES: [what is this?]
   Rotlewi vs Rubinstein, 1907 0-1
   Rubinstein vs Lasker, 1909 1-0
   Rubinstein vs Hromadka, 1923 1-0
   Rubinstein vs Salwe, 1908 1-0
   Rubinstein vs Capablanca, 1911 1-0
   Rubinstein vs Schlechter, 1912 1-0
   Rubinstein vs Duras, 1908 1-0
   Alekhine vs Rubinstein, 1912 0-1
   Rubinstein vs Janowski, 1925 1-0
   Rubinstein vs Alekhine, 1911 1-0

GAME COLLECTIONS: [what is this?]
   Rubinstein's Chess Masterpieces by Karpova
   Akiba Rubinstein's Best Games by KingG
   The Unknown Rubinstein - Forgotten treasures by Karpova
   Rubinstein Rubies by chocobonbon
   Match Rubinstein! by amadeus
   Guess-the-Move Chess: 1920-1939 (Part 2) by Anatoly21
   Rubinstein's Rook Endings by kiadd
   Akiba Rubinstein's Rook Endings by Knight Pawn
   Learn from the great Rubinstein by timothee3331
   Akiva Rubinstein by Archives
   annotated games & lis short brilliancys by gmlisowitz
   classicisme by Duveltje
   Guess-the-Move Chess: 1920-1939 (Part 3) by Anatoly21
   Inspired Endgames by Albums Dummyflap

GAMES ANNOTATED BY RUBINSTEIN: [what is this?]
   Spielmann vs Rubinstein, 1920
   Salwe vs Rubinstein, 1907
   O Bernstein vs Rubinstein, 1912
   Rubinstein vs Loman / Van Gelder, 1920

Search Sacrifice Explorer for Akiba Rubinstein
Search Google for Akiba Rubinstein


AKIBA RUBINSTEIN
(born Dec-12-1882, died Mar-15-1961) Poland (citizen of Belgium)

[what is this?]
Akiba Kielowicz Rubinstein was born in Stawiski, Poland, to a Jewish family. They had planned for him to become a rabbi, but Rubinstein did not complete his studies. Instead, he decided to devote his full time to chess following fifth place in the 3rd All-Russian Championship in Kiev, 1903. Encouraged by that success, his career flourished from 1904 to 1912. He won the 1907 Carlsbad and Ostende tournaments won matches against Frank James Marshall and Richard Teichmann in 1908, shared first place at St. Petersburg 1909 together with Dr. Emanuel Lasker that year, and in 1912, he won four consecutive major tournaments: San Sebastian, Bad Pistyan, Wroclaw and Vilnius. His worst result prior to World War One was his elimination in the preliminary tournament at St. Petersburg 1914.

World Championship Challenger

Rubinstein was never given a chance to play the World Champion Dr. Emanuel Lasker because their match for the World Championship, scheduled to begin in October 1914, was cancelled after World War One broke out. After the War, he was unable to raise sufficient funds to meet the financial demands to play Jose Raul Capablanca.

Career after the First World War

After the war, he was still a World class Grandmaster, winning matches against Carl Schlechter in 1918 and Efim Bogoljubov in 1920, the International tournament at Vienna in 1922, shared 1st place at Marienbad 1925 and won Rogaska Slatina 1929. He was the leader of the Polish team that won the Chess Olympiad in Hamburg in 1930, with a stunning record of 13 wins, 4 draws, and no losses. In 1931, at the Prague Olympiad, Poland managed to win the Silver medal. Overall, his play became more uneven after World War One and very good tournaments followed very bad ones. After 1932 he withdrew from active tournament play, mainly due to psychological problems. He passed away in Antwerp, Belgium in 1961.

Legacy and Testimonials

Today, the Rubinstein variation of the Nimzo-Indian Defense (1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.e3) is the most popular line of the Nimzo-Indian.

Former World Champion Garry Kasparov wrote that: "Careful analysis shows that modern chess, proceeding from the Botvinnik era, is very strongly influenced by the games of Rubinstein, who was, essentially, one of the fathers of modern chess history." -- On My Great Predecessors Part I

Former World Champion Vladimir Kramnik once said that Rubinstein was: “...an incredibly talented and fantastic chess player...Why didn't he become a World Champion? That's a mystery to me…” (http://www.kramnik.com/eng/intervie...)

"Rubinstein stands as the greatest end-game player of all time." - Barnie Frank Winkelman

"The sublime end-game virtuoso of all time." - Dr. J. Hannak, author of Emanuel Lasker: The Life of a Chess Master (1959).

Additional Information

Here's an overview of Rubinstein's individual scores against the strongest players of his time: User: RubinsteinScores.

Here's more on Rubinstein's life: User: RubinsteinLife and User: RubinsteinLife2.

Here's an overview of Rubinstein's matches:
User: RubinsteinMatches.

Here's an overview of Rubinstein's tournament career: http://www.phileo.demon.co.uk/uk_ar....

jessicafischerqueen's documentary of Rubinstein can be found in three parts at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hi3h..., http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQQO... and http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3sqG...

Wikipedia article: Akiba Rubinstein


 page 1 of 42; games 1-25 of 1,040  PGN Download
Game  ResultMoves Year Event/LocaleOpening
1. Rubinstein vs G G Bartoszkiewicz 1-017 1897 CorrespondenceC55 Two Knights Defense
2. Rubinstein vs NN 1-018 1902 ?000 Chess variants
3. Rubinstein vs V Nikolaev 1-040 1903 Third All-Russian ChampionshipD37 Queen's Gambit Declined
4. Chojnacki vs Rubinstein 0-123 1903 Handicap tournament000 Chess variants
5. Rubinstein vs P P Benko 1-018 1903 RUS-ch03A84 Dutch
6. Rubinstein vs S Levitsky  ½-½38 1903 Third All-Russian ChampionshipD08 Queen's Gambit Declined, Albin Counter Gambit
7. M Lowcki vs Rubinstein 1-029 1903 RUS-ch03D31 Queen's Gambit Declined
8. W Von Stamm vs Rubinstein 0-127 1903 Third All-Russian ChampionshipD32 Queen's Gambit Declined, Tarrasch
9. Salwe vs Rubinstein 0-114 1903 LodzC50 Giuoco Piano
10. Rubinstein vs V N Kulomzin 1-020 1903 Third All-Russian ChampionshipD32 Queen's Gambit Declined, Tarrasch
11. Rubinstein vs Znosko-Borovsky ½-½24 1903 Kiev All-Russian chD53 Queen's Gambit Declined
12. Salwe vs Rubinstein ½-½39 1903 RUS-ch03D02 Queen's Pawn Game
13. N Kalinsky vs Rubinstein 0-139 1903 Third All-Russian ChampionshipC22 Center Game
14. Chigorin vs Rubinstein 1-033 1903 KievC00 French Defense
15. Rubinstein vs Dus Chotimirsky 0-175 1903 RUS-ch03D05 Queen's Pawn Game
16. Salwe vs Rubinstein 1-049 1903 ConsultationC55 Two Knights Defense
17. Rubinstein vs S F Lebedev 1-059 1903 Third All-Russian ChampionshipC10 French
18. Rubinstein vs Salwe 1-032 1903 Lodz mD05 Queen's Pawn Game
19. Rubinstein vs A Rabinovich 0-149 1903 Third All-Russian ChampionshipA84 Dutch
20. Rubinstein vs O Bernstein 0-125 1903 Third All-Russian ChampionshipC45 Scotch Game
21. S Izbinsky vs Rubinstein 0-136 1903 RUS-ch03C81 Ruy Lopez, Open, Howell Attack
22. Yurevich vs Rubinstein 0-164 1903 Third All-Russian ChampionshipA03 Bird's Opening
23. Salwe vs Rubinstein 1-030 1903 Lodz mB57 Sicilian
24. Rubinstein vs NN 1-022 1903 Handicap tournament ?000 Chess variants
25. Schiffers vs Rubinstein 0-121 1903 Third All-Russian ChampionshipC11 French
 page 1 of 42; games 1-25 of 1,040  PGN Download
  REFINE SEARCH:   White wins (1-0) | Black wins (0-1) | Draws (1/2-1/2) | Rubinstein wins | Rubinstein loses  
 

Kibitzer's Corner
< Earlier Kibitzing  · PAGE 43 OF 43 ·  Later Kibitzing>
Jun-10-12
Premium Chessgames Member
  tamar: Gelfand mentions Rubinstein as his favorite player.

<I was very happy that I played a really good game, really in Rubinstein-style, in the style of my favorite player, and it gave me a very good feeling.

Rubinstein is your favorite player?

Yes, sure, definitely.

So it must have also given some pleasure that you were able to play his 4.e3 move against the Nimzo-Indian in a title match.

Yes, indeed, I had it in mind.

That's nice.

But also from the Black side, all Meran is Rubinstein's system, even though it's called Meraner system. Most of the modern openings are based on Rubinstein. Sorry that I divert...

That's no problem! Let's divert just a bit more: do you think that at some point in history, Rubinstein would have had a good chance to become world champion?

It's hard to say. From the chess point of view of course he was much ahead of time. But as a practical player, I'm not sure if he'd be good enough to beat Lasker. Unfortunately we never had a chance to test this. Definitely the match would be extremely interesting, but history didn't let us see this match.> http://www.chessvibes.com/reports/b...

Jun-10-12  Floydovich: According to GM Har Zvi Gelfand told him that he thought Korchnoi was the best player in history.
Jun-10-12  Call Me TC: The best player to have lost 3 matches to Karpov.
Jul-15-12  Karpova: Adolf Julius Zinkl: <Sein Spiel ist äußerst gediegen. Schönen und eleganten Kombinationen geht Rubinstein nicht aus dem Wege, aber er führt sie nicht herbei. Sein untrüglicher Positionsblick ermöglichte es ihm jede noch so geringfügige Schwäche im feindlichen Lager zu erspähen und dieselbe mit großer Energie zum Gewinn auszunutzen. Dabei ist Rubinsteins Spiel nahezu fehlerfrei, ein Vorzug, der ihn schon jetzt als einen nicht ungefährlichen Rivalen des Weltmeisters Dr. Lasker erscheinenen läßt.>

From page 359 of the 1907 '(Neue) Wiener Schachzeitung' (originally from 'N. Fr. Presse', 1907.09.18).

Zinkel calls Rubinstein's play <gediegen> (dignified) and says that Akiva doesn't avoid beautiful and elegant combinations but does not bring them about. Due to his unmistakable eye for positional play, he finds even the smallest weakness in the enemy camp and makes use of it with great force to score a win. His play is almost faultless and this make him already now seem to be a not innocuous rival for Dr. Lasker.

Jul-17-12  Karpova: Jacques Mieses in the '(Neue) Wiener Schachzeitung' 1912, page 106 (on San Sebastian 1912): <[...] denn Rubinstein vereinigt in seinem Spieltypus Eigenschaften, die ihn zu einem furchtbaren und sehr schwer zu schlagenden Gegner machen. Er ist ein Stratege par excellence, dabei durch und durch theoretisch geschult. Die Eröffnung behandelt er wissenschaftlich, aber keineswegs schablonenhaft, sondern gar oft überrascht er den Gegner durch neue, von ihm sorgfältig ausgearbeitete Spielweisen. Sein Positionsurteil ist scharf und, selbst bei den verwickeltsten Stellungen, von objektiver Klarheit. In der Führung des Endspiels steht er unübertroffen da: eine Partie wie z. B. die von ihm gegen Tarrasch gewonnene wird ihm so leicht keiner nachmachen. Wilde kombinatorische Angriffspositionen aber sind ihm weniger sympathisch, und dieses kleine Manko ist vielleicht der einzige relative schwache Punkt in seiner Individualität. Daß Rubinstein auch die zu schweren Wettkämpfen nötigen Charaktereigenschaften besitzt, nämlich Ausdauer und moralische Widerstandskraft, hat er gerade in San Sebastian bewiesen. Daß er im ersten Turnus nur 5 Zähler von 10 Partien erreicht hatte, deprimirte ihn nicht im geringsten; denn in der zweiten Turnierhälfte machte er 7 1/2 (!) von 9.>
Jul-27-12  TheTamale: <Karpova>, thank you for your dedication and detailed postings. How nice it is to hear that the story about thinking the fly was in his head is suspect.

I grew up loving chess, so I never had much tolerance for guys like Staunton, Fine, Reshevsky, and other chess geniuses who did not make it their top priority. As an adult, I see that those driven to pursue chess at the cost of everything else are perhaps not as admirable as I once thought, but rather in the grip of something that might be costing them a balanced life. (Although I doubt Rubenstein would have been any happier as a rabbi!)

Wasn't it Tal who once said something to the effect of, "Fischer is brilliant, but his intellect is too narrowly channeled, not well enough rounded, and that's eventually going to cost him"? If memory serves correctly (which it seldom does), the general response was laughter, although I think history vindicated Tal's opinion.

Jul-27-12
Premium Chessgames Member
  TheFocus: <Karpova> You do excellent work, for which I and all Rubinstein fans thank you.
Jul-28-12  Karpova: <TheTamale> and <TheFocus>, thank you two for your kind words! Nice to see that people are reading my posts.
Jul-28-12
Premium Chessgames Member
  HeMateMe: I too, enjoy the detail provided. Rubinstein is certainly an interesting character, and his games are always worth looking at.
Jul-29-12  Karpova: <Der unheimlichste von allen in Karlsbad versammelten Meistern ist der große Schweiger Rubinstein. Bei flüchtiger Betrachtung ist in seinen Partien nie "etwas los". Erst in der siebenten, achten Spielstunde beginnt das Ziel Rubinsteins erkennbar zu werden, mit unerbittlicher Gründlichkeit marschiert er darauf los und oft ist das Geschick des Gegners besiegelt; aber auch jener Partner, der ihm mit Remis entkommt, atmet nach dem Friedensschluß befreit auf. Rubinsteins wunderbarer Stil, der in Karlsbad wieder einmal voll zur Geltung gekommen ist, ist in der gesamten Schachwelt einzig dastehend.>

Page 242 of the 1929 '(Neue) Wiener Schachzeitung'

Jul-29-12  Karpova: Alfred Brinckmann describes the behaviour of the Polish team shortly after winning the Hamburg 1930 Chess Olympiad (or to be more exact, the final match against Finland by the score of 3.5-05):

<Przepiorka war eitel Freude, Tartakower zog stolzgeschwellt mit dem polnischen Konsul die Halle auf und ab - während Rubinstein schon wieder traumversunken in irgendeiner Ecke saß.>

Source: Page 226 of the 1930 '(Neue) Wiener Schachzeitung'.

Aug-12-12  Karpova: Part I

Poll "Wie wurde ich Schachmeister?" (how i became a chessmaster) by Eugen Gömöri

Akiva Rubinstein: <Das Schachspiel hat man mir noch im Cheder gezeigt, als ich 14 Jahre alt war. Mit 16 Jahren habe ich mich mit der Theorie befaßt. Dann hat man mir geraten, nach Lodz zu fahren, wo der große Meister Salwe lebte. Bei ihm habe ich mich vervollkommnet, ich war bei ihm sozusagen in der Lehre. So wurde ich Meister.

Ich habe Neigung und Talent gefühlt. Ich habe auch ein außerordentlich gutes Gedächtnis. Ich erinnere mich zum Beispiel auch jetzt an alle Partien; die ich während meiner 21-jährigen Schachmeisterschaft gespielt habe. Namen-, Ortsgedächtnis habe ich keines; nur ein spezielles Schachgedächtnis.

Es fesselt mich der ästhetische Genuß. Eine hübsche Kombination verschafft mir ästhetischen Genuß. Ich gerate sozusagen in einen Fieberzustand.

Schach ist nicht nur Kunst, sondern auch Wissenschaft. Der Sieg und alles andere geschieht auf wissenschaftlicher Grundlage. Die schwache Seite des Gegners, die Besetzung der Felder, usw., dies alles gehört in das wissenschaftliche Kapitel des Schachspiels.>

From pages 164-165 of the 1926 '(Neue) Wiener Schachzeitung'.

The article begins on page 163 with statements by Alekhine, Nimzowitsch, Reti, Spielmann and Dr. Vidmar also!

Aug-12-12  Karpova: Part II

Translation: <The game of chess was shown to me already in the Cheder [elementary school teaching basics of judaism and hebrew; karpova] when I was 14 years old. At the age of 16 I studied theory. Then I was advised to travel to Lodz where the great master Salwe lived. Next to him I improved, I was his apprentice so to speak. This is how I became a master.

I felt affinity/affection and talent. I also possess an exceptionally good memory. I remember for example also right now all the games which I played during my 21 years of chess mastership. I don't have a name or place memory, just a special chess memory.

The aesthetic pleasure captivates me. A pretty combination provides me with an aesthetic pleasure. I get into a fever condition so to speak.

Chess is not just art, but also science. The victory and everything else has a scientific basis. The opponent's weak spot, the occupation of squares, etc., that all belongs to the scientific chapter of chess.>

An interesting article showing that Akiva must have started to play Bartoszkiewicz soon after learning the rules of chess. He does not specify exactly when he met Salwe. The 21 years of chess mastership (in 1926) point towards his shared 1st place at Barmen 1905. He had already played two matches against Salwe back then (draw in 1903, win in 1904). Salwe was of GM strength (but not a world class player) so that a young player like Rubinstein could learn quite a lot by playing him.

Aug-27-12  Karpova: There's an interesting paragraph in Hannak's review of 1910 to 1915 on page 256 of the 1915 'Wiener Schachzeitung' which may have contributed to the confusion that once existed about Rubinstein in 1912:

<Auch das im selben Jahre [i. e. 1912] ausgetragene russische Nationalturnier zu Warschau, dem ruhig internationale Bedeutung beigemessen werden kann, bringt Rubinstein vor Bernstein und Niemzowitsch den Sieg.>

The 4th tournament Akiva won in 1912 was the Russian National Tournament at Vilna and not Warsaw. Though there had been some confusion about a 5th tournament victory in 1912 at a tournament in Warsaw. This was then thought to have been Warsaw 1911 where the question arose whether it overlapped into 1912 or not (it didn't). It is also notable that many games are missing or only known as fragments from Vilna 1912 so it's possible that confusing Vilna with Warsaw and Warsaw taking place right at the end of 1911 helped to confuse matters.

Hannak, instead of correcting the mistake, repeats it on page 259 of the 1923 'Wiener Schachzeitung' where he writes: <[...] 1912, in welchem Jahr er alle vier grossen Turniere (San Sebastian, Pystian, Breslau und Warschau) gewann.>

Sep-11-12
Premium Chessgames Member
  Conrad93: This guy played like a machine.
Oct-12-12  LoveThatJoker: GM Rubinstein, today you are remembered!

Thank you!!

LTJ

Oct-12-12
Premium Chessgames Member
  whiteshark: It's a pity that he never put his overwhelming Rendgame knowledge into a book for posterity. :(
Oct-12-12  rapidcitychess: Happy birthday to the greatest player that was never king.
Oct-21-12  Karpova: C.N. 7810

Hans Renette (Bierbeek, Belgium) writes:

[...] <In those days, every foreign citizen who spent time in Antwerp received a visit from the local police.> [...]

<A report on the interview with Rubinstein by the Antwerp police is dated 17 December 1926. He declared that he had arrived in the city on 4 December 1926 and gave his previous address as Brinkmanstrasse 5, Berlin. In Antwerp the Rubinsteins lived in the Taverne Old Tom hotel, De Keyzerlei 53, the main street leading from the railway station.

The police documentation includes a brief overview of the Rubinstein family. His father, Akiwa, was born in Grajewo, Poland and was deceased. His mother, Reisel Denenburg, was 80 years old and lived in Jerusalem. Rubinstein was in Antwerp with his wife Eni Lew (born in Szczuczyn, 16 June 1893) and their only child, Jakob (born in Szczuczyn on 24 January 1918). The couple had married in that city on 30 March 1917.> [...]

There are is also a picture of Akiva and ov Eugenie Lev.

C.N. 7811 deals with the witchcraft quote.

http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/...

Nov-01-12  Karpova: Matches that were planned but still never materialized:

---

<1909> - <Jose Raul Capablanca>: The 'American Chess Bulletin' reports in 1909 that a match was to take place in fall or early winter. Rubinstein willing to travel to America.

Source: Volume 1, p. 207-208

---

<1910> - <Georg Rotlewi>: Play-Off match after Rubinstein and Rotlewi shared 1st place at the Warsaw 1910 tournament (WTZGSz) from 1910.10.17 to 1910.11.05. Rotlewi declined play-offs and gave 1st place Akiva.

Source: Volume 1: p. 214

---

<1910> - <Dr. Ossip Bernstein>: 'Casopis Ceskoslovenskych Sachistu' 1910 (p. 184) reports that a match between them was to start on 1910.12.15 in Petrograd, consist of 16 games with a prize fund of 1,600 rubles (1,000 to the winner).

Source: Volume 1: p. 215-216

---

<1914> - <Dr. Emanuel Lasker>: World Championship match to begin in October 1914 - probably the match where planning had gone the farthest. Outbreak of World War I lead to cancellation.

---

<1918> - <Dr. Milan Vidmar>: After the first 1918 Berlin tournament, Rubinstein challenged Dr. Vidmar for a match the following winter.

Source: Volume 1: p. 315

---

<World Championship Matches after World War I>: Rubinstein didn't have the necessary funds to play a match either against Dr. Lasker (Capablanca was the only one who could raise the money) or Capablanca.

---

<1928> - <Frank James Marshall>: Match in New York in 1928, proposed after the New York International Tournament was cancelled - especially Marshall's attitude had enraged tournament manager Dr. Lederer - a match between Rubinstein and Marshall instead was proposed but fell through. Rubinstein played exhibition games instead.

Volume 2: p. 356-357

---

Sources:

"The Life & Games of Akiva Rubinstein - Volume 1: Uncrowned King" by IM Donaldson and IM Minev 2nd edition Milford, USA, 2007

"The Life & Games of Akiva Rubinstein - Volume 2: The Later Years" by IM Donaldson and IM Minev, 2nd edition Milford, USA, 2011

Nov-01-12
Premium Chessgames Member
  Strongest Force: My 5 favorite players:

1. Fischer
2. Rubinstein
3. Tal
4. Kasparov
5. Capablanca

Nuff said.

Dec-12-12
Premium Chessgames Member
  brankat: Born 130 years ago!

R.I.P. master Rubinstein.

Dec-12-12  Llawdogg: Well, Happy Birthday!
Dec-12-12
Premium Chessgames Member
  whiteshark: A good day to remember and honor <Akiba Rubinstein>!
Jan-17-13
Premium Chessgames Member
  Cemoblanca: Akiba at work in 1914! :) Nice 1!

http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_f9Kx3PI3x...

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