The 9th American Chess Congress was held August 6-21, 1923, in Lake Hopatcong, New Jersey. The time control was 30 moves in 2 hours, followed by 15 moves an hour.

Crosstable

              1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4
1  Marshall   X 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 1 1 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 10.5
2  Kupchik    0 X 1 0 1 ½ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10.5
3  Janowski   ½ 0 X 1 ½ ½ 1 1 1 1 1 1 ½ 1 10.0
4  Ed. Lasker 0 1 0 X ½ 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 ½ 1  9.0
5  Schapiro   ½ 0 ½ ½ X 1 0 ½ 1 ½ 1 1 1 1  8.5
6  Black      0 ½ ½ 0 0 X 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1  7.0
7  Tenner     0 0 0 0 1 0 X 1 ½ 1 1 0 1 1  6.5
8  Chajes     0 0 0 0 ½ 1 0 X 1 1 0 1 1 1  6.5
9  Sournin    0 0 0 1 0 0 ½ 0 X 1 1 1 ½ ½  5.5
10 Morrison   ½ 0 0 0 ½ 1 0 0 0 X ½ ½ 1 1  5.0
11 Hodges     ½ 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ½ X ½ 1 ½  4.0
12 Palmer     0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ½ ½ X 1 0  3.0
13 Santasiere ½ 0 ½ ½ 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 X ½  2.5
14 Bigelow    0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 ½ 1 ½ X  2.5

Round 1 (Monday, August 6): Morrison ½ Marshall*; Tenner ½ Sournin; Lasker 1 Bigelow*; Kupchik ½ Black* (game played August 10 due to Kupchik's indisposition); Janowski 1 Palmer*; Schapiro ½ Chajes*; Hodges 1 Santasiere

STANDINGS: 1.0: Hodges, Janowski, Lasker; 0.5: Black, Chajes, Kupchik, Marshall, Morrison, Schapiro, Sournin, Tenner; 0.0: Bigelow, Palmer, Santasiere

Round 2 (Tuesday, August 7): Marshall ½ Santasiere*; Chajes 0 Hodges*; Palmer 0 Schapiro*; Black ½ Janowski*; Bigelow 0 Kupchik*; Sournin 1 Lasker*; Morrison 0 Tenner*

STANDINGS: 2.0: Hodges; 1.5: Janowski, Kupchik, Schapiro, Sournin, Tenner; 1.0: Black, Lasker, Marshall; 0.5: Chajes, Morrison, Santasiere; 0.0: Bigelow, Palmer

Round 3 (Wednesday, August 8): Tenner 0 Marshall*; Lasker 1 Morrison*; Kupchik 1 Sournin*; Janowski 1 Bigelow; Schapiro 1 Black*; Hodges ½ Palmer; Santasiere 0 Chajes*

STANDINGS: 2.5: Hodges, Janowski, Kupchik; Schapiro; 2.0: Lasker, Marshall; 1.5: Chajes, Sournin, Tenner; 1.0: Black; 0.5: Morrison, Palmer, Santasiere; 0.0: Bigelow

Round 4 (Thursday, August 9): Marshall 1 Chajes*; Palmer 1 Santasiere; Black 1 Hodges*; Bigelow 0 Schapiro*; Sournin 0 Janowski*; Morrison 0 Kupchik; Tenner 0 Lasker

STANDINGS: 3.5: Janowski, Kupchik, Schapiro; 3.0: Lasker, Marshall; 2.5: Hodges; 2.0: Black; 1.5: Chajes, Palmer, Sournin, Tenner; 0.5: Morrison, Santasiere; 0.0: Bigelow

Round 5 (Saturday, August 11): Lasker 0 Marshall*; Kupchik 1 Tenner; Janowski 1 Morrison*; Schapiro 1 Sournin*; Hodges ½ Bigelow; Santasiere 0 Black*; Chajes 1 Palmer*

STANDINGS: 4.5: Janowski, Kupchik, Schapiro; 4.0: Marshall; 3.0: Black, Hodges, Lasker; 2.5: Chajes; 1.5: Palmer, Sournin, Tenner; 0.5: Bigelow, Morrison, Santasiere

Round 6 (Sunday, August 12): Marshall 1 Palmer*; Black 0 Chajes; Bigelow ½ Santasiere; Sournin 1 Hodges; Morrison ½ Schapiro; Tenner 0 Janowski; Lasker 1 Kupchik*

STANDINGS: 5.5: Janowski; 5.0: Marshall, Schapiro; 4.5: Kupchik; 4.0: Lasker; 3.5: Chajes; 3.0: Black, Hodges; 2.5: Sournin; 1.5: Palmer, Tenner; 1.0: Bigelow, Morrison, Santasiere

Round 7 (Monday, August 13): Kupchik 0 Marshall*; Janowski 1 Lasker*; Schapiro 0 Tenner; Hodges ½ Morrison; Santasiere ½ Sournin; Chajes 1 Bigelow*; Palmer 0 Black

STANDINGS: 6.5: Janowski; 6.0: Marshall; 5.0: Schapiro; 4.5: Chajes, Kupchik; 4.0: Black, Lasker; 3.5: H odges; 3.0: Sournin; 2.5: Tenner; 1.5: Morrison, Palmer, Santasiere; 1.0: Bigelow

Round 8 (Wednesday, August 15): Marshall 1 Black*; Bigelow 1 Palmer; Sournin 0 Chajes*; Morrison 1 Santasiere*; Tenner 1 Hodges*; Lasker ½ Schapiro; Kupchik 1 Janowski*

STAMDINGS: 7.0: Marshall; 6.5: Janowski; 5.5: Chajes, Kupchik, Schapiro; 4.5: Lasker; 4.0: Black; 3.5: Hodges, Tenner; 3.0: Slurnin; 2.5: Morrison; 2.0: Bigelow; 1.5: Palmer, Santasiere

Round 9 (Thursday, August 16): Janowski ½ Marshall*; Schapiro 0 Kupchik*; Hodges 0 Lasker*; Santasiere 0 Tenner*; Chajes 1 Morrison; Palmer 0 Sournin*; Black 1 Bigelow*

STANDINGS: 7.5: Marshall; 7.0: Janowski; 6.5: Chajes, Kupchik; 5.5: Lasker, Schapiro; 5.0: Black; 4.5: Tenner; 4.0: Sournin; 3.5: Hodges; 2.5: Morrison; 2.0: Bigelow; 1.5: Palmer, Santasiere

Round 10 (Friday, August 17): Marshall 1 Bigelow*; Sournin 0 Black*; Morrison ½ Palmer; Tenner 1 Chajes*; Lasker ½ Santasiere*; Kupchik 1 Hodges; Janowski ½ Schapiro*

STANDINGS: 8.5: Marshall; 7.5: Janowski, Kupchik; 6.5: Chajes; 6.0: Black, Lasker, Schapiro; 5.5: Tenner; 4.0: Sournin; 3.5: Hodges; 3.0: Morrison; 2.0: Bigelow, Palmer, Santasiere

Round 11 (Saturday, August 18): Schapiro ½ Marshall*; Hodges 0 Janowski*; Santasiere 0 Kupchik*; Chajes 0 Lasker*; Palmer 1 Tenner*; Black 0 Morrison*; Bigelow ½ Sournin

STANDINGS: 9.0: Marshall; 8.5: Janowski, Kupchik; 7.0: Lasker; 6.5: Chajes, Schapiro; 6.0: Black; 5.5: Tenner; 4.5: Sournin; 4.0: Morrison; 3.5: Hodges; 3.0: Palmer; 2.5: Bigelow; 2.0: Santasiere

Round 12 (Monday, August 20): Marshall 1 Sournin*; Morrison 1 Bigelow; Tenner 0 Black*; Lasker 1 Palmer*; Kupchik 1 Chajes*; Janowski ½ Santasiere; Schapiro 1 Hodges*

STANDINGS: 10.0: Marshall; 9.5: Kupchik; 9.0: Janowski; 8.0: Lasker; 7.5: Schapiro; 7.0: Black; 6.5: Chajes; 5.5: Tenner; 5.0: Morrison; 4.5: Sournin; 3.5: Hodges;; 3.0: Palmer; 2.5: Bigelow, Santasiere

Round 13 (Tuesday, August 21): Hodges ½ Marshall*; Santasiere 0 Schapiro*; Chajes 0 Janowski*; Palmer 0 Kupchik*; Black 0 Lasker*; Bigelow 0 Tenner; Sournin 1 Morrison

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Although we don't have all the games, a list of the openings utilized was compiled by Hermann Helms. Results are given from White's point of view.

Queen's Gambit Declined  22 +11 -8 =3
Queen's Pawn             13 + 7 -2 =4
Ruy Lopez                13 + 5 -5 =3
Irregular                12 + 2 -9 =1
Sicilian Defense          6 + 2 -0 =4
Caro-Kann Defense         5 + 5 -0 =0
Petroff Defense           4 + 0 -2 =2
Four Knights              4 + 2 -1 =1
Center Counter Gambit     2 + 0 -2 =0
Double Ruy Lopez          2 + 1 -0 =1
French Defense            2 + 2 -0 =0
English                   1 + 1 -0 =0
Hollandish                1 + 1 -0 =0
King's Gambit Declined    1 + 0 -1 =0
Philidor's Defense        1 + 0 -1 =0
Queen's Gambit            1 + 0 -0 =1
Vienna                    1 + 0 -1 =0

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From an essay by Anthony Santasiere published in <Chess Life>, October 20, 1960, p.3:

"In 1923, at the age of eighteen, I was invited to my first international tournament, and, as expected, finished tied for last place. But amazingly enough (and since that time I have always been able to lose to the "duffers", while fighting like hell against the 'big shots'), I played drawn games with three of the first four prize winners--Marshall, Janowski and Edward Lasker. Janowski--the fierce French champion--was mortally wounded. When he saw that he could not win, he swept the pieces off the board. Thereafter he absolutely refused to eat at the same table with me, and always referred to me as--'That schoolboy!'

"There is another story in connection with that same tournament, this having to do with my first visit to a gambling institution. There was such a place across the road from the hotel where we were playing. And when hostilities were over, and the prizes distributed, Marshall--my good friend--and Janowski wanted to gamble. The former, however, took the precaution of handing over all his money to me, except thirty dollars which he kept in play with; he allowed me five dollars to play. He then warned me that no matter what he did or said, I should give him no more money. At the roulette wheel I soon lost my share. Frank, however, held out for quite some time; but then had nothing. Believe it or not, he got on his knees, and with tears in his eyes begged me for his own money. Of course I refused, and walked out. Janowski lost every penny of his prize of almost two hundred dollars, and had to borrow from friends for his needs."