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Deep Blue (Computer)
Deep Blue 
Photograph © copyright 1997 IBM.  

Number of games in database: 42
Years covered: 1993 to 1997
Overall record: +16 -10 =16 (57.1%)*
   * Overall winning percentage = (wins+draws/2) / total games.

Repertoire Explorer
Most played openings
B22 Sicilian, Alapin (4 games)
A04 Reti Opening (3 games)
C45 Scotch Game (2 games)
D30 Queen's Gambit Declined (2 games)
B01 Scandinavian (2 games)
A00 Uncommon Opening (2 games)
B47 Sicilian, Taimanov (Bastrikov) Variation (2 games)
A07 King's Indian Attack (2 games)

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DEEP BLUE (COMPUTER)
(born 1993) United States of America

[what is this?]

Deep Blue is a chess computer designed and produced by the computer company IBM. Deep Blue's programming code is written in C and runs under the AIX operating system. Its hardware architecture is somewhat based off of that of Chiptest (Computer). It won a game against Garry Kasparov on February 10, 1996, marking the first time a chess computer has ever beaten a reigning world champion under regular time controls. It was then upgraded and played a six-game match against Garry Kasparov in May of 1997. It won 3.5-2.5, marking the first time a chess computer has ever beaten a reigning world champion in a match under standard tournament rules and time controls. Garry Kasparov demanded a rematch which IBM did not accept and IBM retired Deep Blue. Its knowledge was fine-tuned by the Grandmaster Joel Benjamin, its opening book was supplied by Miguel Illescas Cordoba, John Fedorowicz and Nick de Firmian, and Jerry Brodie and Murray Campbell were also part of the IBM team. Randy Moulic and C J Tan managed the team.

https://www.chessprogramming.org/De...

Wikipedia article: Deep Blue (chess computer)

Last updated: 2018-12-03 09:46:49

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 page 1 of 2; games 1-25 of 42  PGN Download
Game  ResultMoves YearEvent/LocaleOpening
1. Deep Blue vs S L Armentrout ½-½371993New YorkB84 Sicilian, Scheveningen
2. L Schandorff vs Deep Blue ½-½431993CopenhagenE11 Bogo-Indian Defense
3. B Larsen vs Deep Blue 0-1341993CopenhagenB01 Scandinavian
4. Deep Blue vs S Hamann 0-1481993CopenhagenB93 Sicilian, Najdorf, 6.f4
5. Deep Blue vs B Barth Sahl 0-1241993CopenhagenC45 Scotch Game
6. J Kristiansen vs Deep Blue 1-0401993CopenhagenC28 Vienna Game
7. B Larsen vs Deep Blue 1-0431993Larsen-Deep Blue MatchC49 Four Knights
8. H Danielsen vs Deep Blue 0-1361993CopenhagenA04 Reti Opening
9. B Barth Sahl vs Deep Blue ½-½381993CopenhagenC45 Scotch Game
10. Deep Blue vs J Kristiansen 1-0301993CopenhagenB81 Sicilian, Scheveningen, Keres Attack
11. Deep Blue vs B Larsen ½-½591993Larsen-Deep Blue MatchB27 Sicilian
12. Deep Blue vs C Hoi ½-½441993CopenhagenB09 Pirc, Austrian Attack
13. B Larsen vs Deep Blue ½-½621993Larsen-Deep Blue MatchB01 Scandinavian
14. L B Hansen vs Deep Blue 0-1521993CopenhagenD37 Queen's Gambit Declined
15. Deep Blue vs B Larsen ½-½521993Larsen-Deep Blue MatchB90 Sicilian, Najdorf
16. Deep Blue vs M Rohde 1-0511993The Deep Blue ChallengeB47 Sicilian, Taimanov (Bastrikov) Variation
17. Deep Blue vs J Polgar 1-0731993Rapid MatchB47 Sicilian, Taimanov (Bastrikov) Variation
18. J Polgar vs Deep Blue ½-½611993Rapid MatchA07 King's Indian Attack
19. Deep Blue vs Wchess 1-091199424th NACCCA04 Reti Opening
20. Socrates vs Deep Blue 0-161199424th NACCCB62 Sicilian, Richter-Rauzer
21. M-Chess vs Deep Blue 0-135199424th NACCCB32 Sicilian
22. Deep Blue vs Fritz 0-1391995Hong Kong WCCCB33 Sicilian
23. Wchess vs Deep Blue ½-½601995Hong Kong WCCCB22 Sicilian, Alapin
24. M Illescas vs Deep Blue 1-0261995Internet Exhibition MatchA28 English
25. Deep Blue vs Socrates 1-0511995Hong Kong WCCCD05 Queen's Pawn Game
 page 1 of 2; games 1-25 of 42  PGN Download
  REFINE SEARCH:   White wins (1-0) | Black wins (0-1) | Draws (1/2-1/2) | Deep Blue wins | Deep Blue loses  

Kibitzer's Corner
< Earlier Kibitzing  · PAGE 4 OF 10 ·  Later Kibitzing>
Jun-17-05  Knight13: I hate the fact that IBM didn't accept the re-match Kasparov requested after the second match, 1997.
Jun-17-05  WMD: I thought it was called Deeper Blue for the 1997 match.
Jun-17-05  Rocafella: <Knight13> I agree. I think that if IBM had actually created the monster of a machine that they claimed, they would have been happy to re-pit it against Kasparov and prove it wasn't a fluke!
Jun-17-05  aw1988: Uh, player of the day?
Jun-17-05  Clutch: Deep Blue played some horrendous chess, what do you expect, it was programmed by a bunch of nerds who clearly had a scant disregard for personal hygiene!!!
Jun-17-05  Hesam7: Deep Blue player of day! Nice player, after defeating the WC and having no other goal to aretired!

And by the way it is innocent until proven guilty. the logs are published around 2000. More than 5 years ago.

Jun-18-05  SnoopDogg: I just had an interesting talk with Mig Greengard a few minutes ago(he was in Game Over) and had some interesting comments that were not said in the movie.

After two unrated blitz games (he beat me on the first time because I hung a rook...stupid premove never works) anyways I said,"

"thxs for the games, you were great in game over."

Mig: Heh
Mig: 8 hours of interview and 2 minutes in the movie.

"so I suppose you agree with DB cheating right?"

Mig: No, I don't think DB cheated.
"Do you think Hydra will use HI?"
"Human Intervention?"
Mig: No
Mig: There's not a lot at stake.
Mig: Against Deep Blue you could arguably make that case.

That was basically the whole conversation since he played more bullet while I was too mad over my poor play against him to do anything.

Here's the first bullet game for anyone interested. Don't try to annotate it both sides used premove badly :))

[Event "Friendly Game, 1m + 0s"]
[Site "Main Playing Hall"]
[Date "2005.06.17"]
[Round "?"]
[White ""]
[Black "Mig"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "A56"]
[WhiteElo ""]
[BlackElo "2234"]
[PlyCount "58"]
[EventDate "2005.02.05"]
[TimeControl "60"]

1. d4 1 Nf6 1 2. c4 0 c5 0 3. Nc3 0 cxd4 1 4. Qxd4 1 Nc6 0 5. Qd1 1 g6 0 6. Nf3 1 Bg7 0 7. g3 1 O-O 0 8. Bg2 0 d6 0 9. O-O 1 Be6 0 10. Nd5 2 Bxd5 3 11. cxd5 1 Nb4 1 12. Bd2 7 Nbxd5 2 13. Qb3 1 Qb6 4 14. Qxb6 2 Nxb6 2 15. Rfc1 2 Rac8 2 16. Bc3 2 e6 2 17. Nd4 1 d5 1 18. Nb5 2 a6 3 19. Nd6 1 Rc7 1 20. e4 3 dxe4 1 21. Nxe4 2 Nxe4 1 22. Bxe4 0 Bxc3 1 23. Rxc3 1 Rxc3 1 24. bxc3 0 Nd5 1 25. c4 1 f5 3 26. cxd5 1 fxe4 1 27. dxe6 0 Re8 1 28. Rb1 2 Re7 1 29. Rxb7 0 Rxb7 resigns (Lag: Av=1.48s, max=11.9s) 2 0-1

Jun-20-05  vampiero: do me a favor and explain the ideas on how deep blue cheated cuase i dont know the story and havn't bought "Game OVer"
Jun-29-05  Clutch: what a waste of screen space
Jun-29-05  square dance: deep blue had a part on futurama last night.
Aug-13-05
Premium Chessgames Member
  BishopBerkeley: [Duplicate post from the Garry Kasparov message board]:

Natan Sharansky, Chess Master?

I had no idea Natan Sharansky is an accomplished Chess player.

from "Sharansky is latest victim of Deep Blue's chess skills"

Friday June 6, 1997

"...Sharansky, who says he perfected his chess skills while a prisoner-of-conscience in the Soviet Union, is no stranger to challenging chess matches.

"Last year he beat Kasparov during a chess match in Israel. Kasparov was playing 25 games simultaneously at the time...."

http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0...

From Time Magazine,
Tuesday, Apr. 26, 2005
"Did Chess Make Him Crazy?"
By [Chess enthusiast] CHARLES KRAUTHAMMER

"...[Chess] certainly has its pantheon of upstanding citizens. While ambassador to France, Benjamin Franklin preferred to eschew the Paris opera for chess at the Cafe de la Regence. (Excellent choice.) Napoleon played, although to judge by one of his games, a diagrammed and illustrated copy of which hangs in my office, he was a far better general. Nabokov was a fine player and renowned composer of chess problems. And the sanest man I know, Natan Sharansky, is a chess master who once played Garry Kasparov to a draw and defeats me with distressing ease..."

http://www.time.com/time/columnist/...

From http://www.chesscenter.com/newsoftw... :

"... ChessBase Magazine 77 has two multimedia reports. Ilya Tsesarsky followed the Israeli League with his camera and has given us his video impressions. Minister Nathan Sharansky often visits the event and is to be seen in some of the pictures, Boris Avrukh explains how he was able to draw his game against Kasparov...."

I wonder if anyone has the score of this game or the Deep Blue (Computer) games?

All quite interesting...

(: ♗ Bishop Berkeley ♗ :)

Aug-25-05  RookFile: Part of me wishes that IBM would get
annoyed enough to build another Deep Blue. Problem with that is, it would be 5 to 10 times more powerful than the machine that beat Kasparov. Such a machine might make us all switch to backgammon.
Aug-25-05
Premium Chessgames Member
  BishopBerkeley: <RookFile> With the plummeting cost of supercomputing, "Deep Blue II" is not at all unthinkable (though it may not be needed).

Perhaps you heard about Virginia Tech's "System X", a supercomputer system that is now ranked as the 14th fastest system on earth (though I believe it was as high as 7th at one time):

http://www.top500.org/lists/plists....

This system was originally assembled for $5.2 million (US), a tiny fraction of what supercomputers have traditionally cost. (It just underwent an upgrade for a modest $640K (US), and it is now running at 12.25 teraflops (12.25 trillion floating-point operations per second)):

http://www.sciencedaily.com/release...

I don't know what the peak performance of Deep Blue (Computer) was, but I'm sure it was well shy of this benchmark! (The fastest supercomputer on earth in 1996, a Hitachi CP-PACS/2048 system at the Center for Computational Physics, (Univ of Tsukuba) in Japan, ran at 0.3682 teraflops, which is about 3% of the speed of Virginia Tech's "System X": http://www.top500.org/lists/lists.p... )

My suspicion is that the Deep Blue Chess algorithm was not particularly impressive by the standards of today's best Chess programs: but it had the advantage of massive parallel processing power. We might say that, relative to the strongest programs of the present time, Deep Blue was "hardware driven".

But now we have extremely strong algorithms running with 64-bit computer hardware that is fast-approaching supercomputer speed. I suspect that the recent blow-out victories of Hydra (Computer) ( http://www.hydrachess.com/main.cfm?... ) and newly-proclaimed World Computer Chess Champion "Zappa" ( http://www.ru.is/wccc05/default.asp... ) & ( http://volker-pittlik.name/zappa/za... ) were more the result of the sophisticated implementation of 64-bit computer architecture than they were of any quantum jump in the quality of the Chess algorithms involved.

So, as the software improves somewhat linearly, the hardware gets cheaper geometrically! This augurs well for the quality of computer Chess, but ill for the relative strength of human players! (Should we be sad about this? Not at all, in my opinion! I explain my reasons for non-sadness over on the Shredder (Computer) board).

Having said all this, if I were a bettin' man, I'd put my money on Hydra (Computer) or Zappa over Deep Blue (Computer) if they were able to compete under standard tournament conditions. (But I'm not sure which I'd bet on if they were to go up against one another!!!)

(: ♗ Bishop Berkeley ♗ :)

P.S. If you're interested, you can always keep track of the world's fastest supercomputers at any given time at this site:

http://www.top500.org/

Aug-25-05
Premium Chessgames Member
  Sneaky: <System X> It's a truckload of Apple Macintoshes wired together!
Aug-25-05
Premium Chessgames Member
  BishopBerkeley: <Sneaky> Exactly! I recall reading an interview with one of the program engineers. "What was the hardest part of the implementation of System X," he was asked. "Cutting all the PowerMac G5s out of their boxes," he replied!!!

(: ♗ Bishop Berkeley ♗ :)

Aug-25-05
Premium Chessgames Member
  BishopBerkeley: P.S. The System X homepage:

http://www.tcf.vt.edu/systemX.html

Supercomputing on a shoestring budget!

(: ♗ Bishop Berkeley ♗ :)

Aug-25-05
Premium Chessgames Member
  BishopBerkeley: Amusing: from the recent World Computer Chess Championship: "In terms of playing strength (Elo rating), this is possibly the strongest chess tournament ever held in Iceland...."

What would new-Icelander Robert James Fischer have to say about that?!

Source:

http://www.ru.is/wccc05/Bulletins/b...

(: ♗ Bishop Berkeley ♗ :)

Aug-25-05  csmath: It is hard to imagine anybody being able to pump so much money (even if "just" a couple of millions :-)) for the purpose of playing chess but these Iceland computers/programs, in particularly Zappa, Fruit, Shredder, and Junior would beat any elite player today.

As a matter of fact I have a chance to see how regular GMs get beaten like horses on a daily routine in blitzes against computer players. The level of play of computers is currently way above any elite GM can do. The programs have improved, not just hardware. Fritzes that played against Kramnik and Kasparov are inferior.

Aug-25-05  csmath: Look at some of the games played there. Zappa in particular. Not only that the program played masterpieces like the game against Junior or Shredder but had not committed a single blunder or even a small error of any sort. Which GM can play that way?
Aug-25-05
Premium Chessgames Member
  BishopBerkeley: <csmath> Like this nifty game that you posted (and thanks for posting it!) Four-time World Computer Chess Champion and current World Speed Champion Shredder (Computer) ( http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/wcc... ), playing White, gets Zappa'd by Black!!

[Event "World Computer Chess Championship"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "2005.08.20"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Shredder(C)"]
[Black "Zappa(C)"]
[Result "0-1"]
[Opening "Sicilian: dragon, Yugoslav attack, Rauser variation"] [ECO "B76"] [NIC "SI.17"]
[Time "06:04:22"]

1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 g6 6. Be3 Bg7 7. f3 O-O 8. Qd2 Nc6 9. O-O-O d5 10. exd5 Nxd5 11. Nxc6 bxc6 12. Nxd5 cxd5 13. Bh6 Qc7 14. Bxg7 Kxg7 15. h4 h5 16. Re1 Rb8 17. g4 hxg4 18. h5 Qb6 19. c3 Rh8 20. fxg4 Bxg4 21. h6+ Kf8 22. b3 Rc8 23. Kb2 d4 24. c4 Bf5 25. Bd3 Bxd3 26. Qxd3 Qd6 27. Qd2 Rh7 28. Qg5 f5 29. Ref1 Rc5 30. Qg2 Kf7 31. Rf2 Qf6 32. Rff1 a5 33. Qa8 g5 34. Kc2 Re5 35. Kc1 g4 36. Kd1 Rh8 37. Qg2 d3 38. Qf2 a4 39. Qh4 Re2 40. Qxf6+ exf6 41. b4 Rxa2 Black wins 0-1

(: ♗ Bishop Berkeley ♗ :)

Aug-25-05  csmath: Yes, I analized the game, I thought Shredder had a good game up until the move 16. I think 16. Re1?! was a crucial positional error, after Rb8-Qb6 black had established a tempo to get the f-pawn and the rest of the game was an avalanche black created with his central pawns, also bringing rook to the 5th rank (this is a recognizable Zappa move to me, as I have played Zappa in the past). After that Shredder was positionally lost, and that is without committing any grave error.
Aug-25-05  csmath: Some people have commented during the game that 13. Bh6 might have been a problematic move and that white has nothing from that. It is a theoretical move and this might be true. I would still think 16 Re1 was the problem but I wouldn't play 13. Bh6 either.

Sometimes these computers invalidate the whole opening book lines, they are this good. Hydra had only 10-move opening book against Adams, the authors didn't believe there is anything else safe to play further by the book, they believe their program can outperform any book line after the move 10. Interesting.

Aug-25-05
Premium Chessgames Member
  BishopBerkeley: <csmath> You're familiar with Hydra (Computer) and Zappa. Of course, it's a hard call to make when programs are playing at this level, but which would you expect to win if they were going up against one another in standard tournament conditions?

Thanks in advance!

(: ♗ Bishop Berkeley ♗ :)

P.S. For those of you who didn't follow the 13th World Computer Championship in Iceland, Zappa won the contest with 10 wins, 1 draw, and NO LOSSES (!!!) against a field that included former World Computer Chess Champions Shredder (Computer) , Junior (Computer) , and other strong programs (like "Fruit", which I, as a vegetarian, was pulling for).

Aug-25-05  csmath: Interesting that in the last round Shredder trapped Junior in a computer analysis of the opening line and after getting a pawn in a sharp opening combination just simply executed the advantage. There is no chance in the hell to beat a computer that has accomplished opening advantage.
Aug-25-05  csmath: I would expect Hydra to beat Zappa, though Zappa has better opening book. I think Hydra has decidably better hardware. It is a tough call. I have played Zappa and I have positive score against Zappa (+2, =3). Some of my colleagues have played (and beat) Hydra but I know it is nearly impossible to do that without opening analysis.
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