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Philidor
Philidor 
 

Number of games in database: 51
Years covered: 1749 to 1795
Overall record: +14 -3 =3 (77.5%)*
   * Overall winning percentage = (wins+draws/2) / total games in the database. 31 exhibition games, blitz/rapid, odds games, etc. are excluded from this statistic.

MOST PLAYED OPENINGS
With the White pieces:
 King's Gambit Accepted (6) 
    C35 C33 C38
With the Black pieces:
 Bishop's Opening (5) 
    C23 C24
Repertoire Explorer

NOTABLE GAMES: [what is this?]
   A Smith vs Philidor, 1790 0-1
   J Bruehl vs Philidor, 1783 0-1
   Philidor vs NN, 1749 1-0
   Philidor vs NN, 1750 1-0
   Philidor vs NN, 1749 1-0
   Philidor vs NN, 1749 1-0
   NN vs Philidor, 1749 0-1
   Philidor vs J Bruehl, 1789 1-0
   Philidor vs NN, 1749 1-0
   Sheldon vs Philidor, 1790 0-1

GAME COLLECTIONS: [what is this?]
   Obds (Part 1) by Penguincw
   Philidor by Okavango
   Philidor by rjuranek
   Philidor by Runemaster
   a-1749 by wina
   1 by gr2cae
   early games by wwall
   Chess Prehistory by Joe Stanley
   Chess Prehistory by Okavango
   17 Chess Prehistory Lid by Littlejohn

GAMES ANNOTATED BY PHILIDOR: [what is this?]
   NN vs Philidor, 1749


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PHILIDOR
(born Sep-07-1726, died Aug-31-1795, 68 years old) France

[what is this?]

Philidor (né François André Danican), born Dreux FRA; died London ENG.

His grandfather was a Hautboy-player at the Court of Lewis XIII. An Italian Musician named Philidor, was admired at that Court for his performance on the same instrument; and after his departure the King gave Mr. Danican the Sobriquet or nick-name of Philidor, which has still remained in the family. His father, and several of his brothers, belonged to the band of Lewis XIV and Lewis XV.(1)

He was both a chess and musical prodigy—his first musical composition was played before King Louis XV when he was only 11 years old. He was taught chess by Kermur Sire De Legal, who initially gave him rook odds, until the young Philidor became too strong for his teacher.

In 1744 Philidor played two chess games blindfolded simultaneously in public in Paris, a feat never before known to have been accomplished. In 1749 his "Analysis of Chess" was published in London, the first chess book to explain the openings, the middlegame, and the general strategy of chess. The book claimed that Les pions sont l'ame du jeu, a phrase that became widely known as 'the pawns are the soul of chess', a maxim known to chessplayers ever since.

Three different important endgame positions are known as the Philidor position.(2) One of them, illustrating a defensive technique in the rook and pawn versus rook ending, is among the most fundamental endgame positions.(3) Philidor's analysis of the Philidor position in the rook and bishop versus rook ending, demonstrating a complicated and difficult win for the superior side, is perhaps the most profound analysis of an endgame up until that time.

Philidor's name is also associated with a standard chess tactic commonly known as Philidor's Legacy, a smothered mating pattern involving a queen and knight. However this is only a traditional name, as the tactic first appeared in print by a book by Luis Ramirez de Lucena.

Sources
(1) Chess, "Anecdotes of Mr. Philidor Communicated by Himself", Twiss, London 1787, p149
(2) Wikipedia article: Philidor position
(3) 100 Endgames You Must Know, Jesus Maria de la Villa Garcia, New in Chess.

References
Wikipedia article: Francois-Andre Danican Philidor; List of Operas by Philidor: Wikipedia article: List of operas by Philidor; YouTube recording of Philidor's Sancho Panza (1762) / Opera-bouffon in one act / Opera LaFayette: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHzP...

Last updated: 2025-04-25 22:43:16

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 page 1 of 3; games 1-25 of 51  PGN Download
Game  ResultMoves YearEvent/LocaleOpening
1. NN vs Philidor 0-1321749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC41 Philidor Defense
2. Philidor vs NN 1-0281749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC30 King's Gambit Declined
3. Philidor vs NN ½-½241749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC31 King's Gambit Declined, Falkbeer Counter Gambit
4. Philidor vs NN 1-0521749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC33 King's Gambit Accepted
5. Philidor vs NN 1-0231749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC33 King's Gambit Accepted
6. Philidor vs NN 1-0221749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC35 King's Gambit Accepted, Cunningham
7. Philidor vs NN 0-1441749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC35 King's Gambit Accepted, Cunningham
8. Philidor vs NN 0-1401749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC35 King's Gambit Accepted, Cunningham
9. Philidor vs NN 1-0231749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC32 King's Gambit Declined, Falkbeer Counter Gambit
10. NN vs Philidor 0-1281749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC41 Philidor Defense
11. Philidor vs NN 1-0401749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC23 Bishop's Opening
12. Philidor vs NN 1-0161750Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC38 King's Gambit Accepted
13. Bernard / Carlier vs Philidor 1-0321780Consultation Game000 Chess variants
14. J Bruehl vs Philidor 0-1471783Philidor Blindfold Simul 3b, LondonC23 Bishop's Opening
15. T Bowdler vs Philidor ½-½511783Philidor Blindfold Simul 3b, LondonB20 Sicilian
16. F Maseres vs Philidor 0-1581783Philidor Blindfold Simul 3b, London000 Chess variants
17. Philidor vs J Bruehl ½-½491787Casual game, rook odds for pawn and move000 Chess variants
18. J Bruehl vs Philidor ½-½441787Philidor Blindfold simul, 2b LondonC23 Bishop's Opening
19. Leycester vs Philidor 0-1291788Casual game, knight odds000 Chess variants
20. Leycester vs Philidor 1-0491788Casual game, knight odds000 Chess variants
21. Leycester vs Philidor ½-½791788Casual game, knight odds000 Chess variants
22. de Beaurevoir vs Philidor  0-1561788Casual game, odds of pawn and two moves000 Chess variants
23. de Beaurevoir vs Philidor  0-1371788Casual game, odds of pawn and two moves000 Chess variants
24. Philidor vs J Bruehl 0-1201788Casual game, rook odds for pawn and move000 Chess variants
25. Leycester vs Philidor 0-1351788Odds London000 Chess variants
 page 1 of 3; games 1-25 of 51  PGN Download
  REFINE SEARCH:   White wins (1-0) | Black wins (0-1) | Draws (1/2-1/2) | Philidor wins | Philidor loses  

Kibitzer's Corner
< Earlier Kibitzing  · PAGE 2 OF 12 ·  Later Kibitzing>
Mar-24-04  PAWNTOEFOUR: everytime i see one of these so called of the top ten chessplayers of all time........i wonder why mikhail botvinnik is absent? kasparov's main mentor,and three time world champion..come on now!!
Jun-16-04  holierthanthou: Philidor just improved the opening, it was originally by Ruy Lopez, so it has been named after Ph, although he found it unsatisfactory.

Indeed, Botvinnik and his contributions to chess are underestimated (meanwhile Fischer being perhaps overrated?), he also won the USSR championships several times, which were probably the most high-class tournaments back then, as for another example. Although it's hard to say who Mikhail should be replacing on that list, or should he..

Jun-24-04  vonKrolock: i'm searching for the name of the author(middle xviii-th cent) of following verses: "Les Philidor, les Légal, à ce jeu Sont aujoud'hui les plus grands capitaines
Figurez-vous les Condés, les Turennes:
L'un est brilliant, rapide, plein de feu
L'autre combine, observe et risque peu;
L'un a l'attaque impétueuse et vive,
L'autre savant, circonspect et profond,
Est dans son camp fort pour la défensive
Auprès de lui l'ennemi se morfond"
(ps: my favourite chess quotation, and i dont know the author!)
Jun-24-04  ruylopez900: http://chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp...

The man's defense on chessbase.

Jul-06-04  Shadout Mapes: Philidor was also a semi-popular classical composer in the 18th century. http://www.allclassical.com/cg/acg....
Jul-17-04  Leviathan: Actually, the real name of this guy is François-André Danican.

"Philidor" was only a nickname he used as a classical music composer.

The habit that artists were known under a nickname was very common in France during 18th and 19th centuries. For example:
Molière = Jean-Baptiste Poquelin,
Dumas = Alexandre Davy De La Pailleterie

Jul-17-04
Premium Chessgames Member
  Ron: This is from The Chess Monthly volume II 1858:

"...To return to Pairs, to breathe his last in the bosom of his family, was the one object, on which all the aspirations and all the effots of Philidor were now concentered. But when his friends at home made application at the proper office of the new government for the necessary safe-conduct, they found that Philidor was regarded as an emigre..a class held in peculiar abhorrence for their avowed sympathy, or personal cooperation, with the enemies and invaders of France. It was necessary to collect testimony, and to multiply applications to various Committees, in order to remove, if possible, the obstacles created by this fatal suspicion. Philidor, in the meanwhile, aware, it appears, of nothing but his application was going through some red-tape process or other, still kept heart and hope, and actually gave exhibitions at the Club in February and May....

--to be continued--

Jul-18-04
Premium Chessgames Member
  Ron: "At length, however, either because he felt himself sinking, or more probably because he was in immediate expectation of receiving his passport, he announced by advertisement, that "By particular desire, and positively for the very last time, he would play on Saturday, the 20th of June, at two o'clock precisely, three games at once, against three good chess players, two of them without seeing either board, and the third on looking over the table." Mr. Atwood, the celebrated mathematician, was one of those players, and recorded the game in which he took part. The presence of Philidor is traced at the Club for a few days longer. On the 29th of June he played two games with Mr. Atwood, at the odds of the pawn and two moves, of which he lost one. Both of these games, with a reverent regard, no dount, for the last efforts of the great master, were recorded by Mr. Atwood, and were printed from his manuscripts by Mr. Walker in 1835, for the first time. Philidor never visited the Club again. He was now made aware, that his passport had been refused, and that he was on the list of "suspected characters," or "persons who had been denounced by a Committee of French Informers." The destruction of his one only hope, coupled as it was with the sting of calumny, proved to be more than he could bear. From this moment (in the words of the Obituary) "he became the martyr of grief--his philosophy forsook him--his tears were incessant--and he sunk into the grave." He died on Monday, the 24th of August, 1795. The tidings of his death reached his family just after they had, at length, succeeded in obtaining his safe-conduct."
Sep-05-04  Knight13: Philidor plays pretty good.
Sep-06-04  Knight13: Philidor is bad at Kings Gambit against NN.
Sep-07-04
Premium Chessgames Member
  ray keene: philidors nickname-actually it means -lover of gold-phil greek love-as in bibliophile or anglophile- and french "or" ( like english ore) or "dore" meaning gold or golden. the danican is reputedly because his ancestors were called duncan and came from scotland which traditionally had close ties with france.
Sep-07-04  vonKrolock: Voilà quelque chose d'important, Monsieur Quine... :o) - <ray>, the scottish origin of the family name Danican seems evident after the association is revealed, for 'Philidor' i know at least another ethimological explanation, so it will be interesting to discuss this point...
Sep-07-04  vonKrolock: <ray keene> i find faster some material Chez Gugol than in my old "alfarrábios" (portuguese for "bouquin", from the arab 'al-farabi') - from where the memories alluded in my previous posting came - but here in http://www.geneastar.org/fr/categor... <DANICAN-PHILIDOR François-André, dit PHILIDOR ( 1726 - 1795 ) Compositeur, célèbre joueur d'échecs

Fréquent autrefois dans la Manche, le nom est aujourd'hui surtout présent en Guadeloupe. On peut penser à un dérivé du breton Danic, diminutif de Daniel. A noter cependant qu'on trouve parfois au XVIIIe la graphie "d'Anican", qui laisserait envisager une autre solution. Le surnom Philidor a des allures de prénom grec ("qui donne de l'amour" ?), mais je ne trouve aucune trace de ce prénom. C'est en tout cas un nom de famille porté dans l'Ain, rencontré également en Italie du sud (Filidoro) et en Corse (Filidori).> By the way here still another explanation for Danican... (?!)

Sep-07-04
Premium Chessgames Member
  ray keene: the version i heard was that a philidor ancestor was very fond of money-hence phili--d'or and the name stuck to his progeny
Sep-08-04  vonKrolock: <ray keene> The version i used to know is exactly this: <François-André Danican, patronyme qu'un de ses ancêtres modifia en Philidor à la suite d'une remarque flatteuse du roi Louis XIII devant lequel il jouait du hautbois : "j'ai trouvé un second Filidori" (Filidori était un musicien italien de la Cour).> so it seems logical for me that the ethimology of the famous surname will be found in italian sources (maybe according to Your version why not)curiosly enough, the following italian text confirms the Scotland connection! <Francois-André Philidor (7 IX 1726 - 31 VIII 1795) è il più celebre membro di una famiglia di musicisti francesi di origine scozzese. Il capostipite fu l'oboista Michel (? - 1659), ammirato dal re Luigi XIII che lo avrebbe paragonato all'oboista senese Filidori: donde presumibilmente lo pseudonimo di Philidor, assunto da Michel, che fu inoltre suonatore di cromorno e tromba marina.>
Sep-08-04  Lawrence: So is Danican really Duncan?
Sep-08-04  vonKrolock: <Lawrence> i believe that: <membro di una famiglia di musicisti francesi di origine scozzese.> shall be well fundamented, although the origin of the information is not quoted - 'Danican' as translitteration of 'Duncan' suggests itself...
Sep-08-04  vonKrolock: <ray keene> a quick research makes me believe that the italian surname Filidori-Filidoro means "threads of gold" = "fili d'oro" (in this form the surname is found too), and refers to the manufacture of cloths whith golden threads, or even to a traditional Christmas ornament, as You can read in this tale: <graziosa leggenda spiega l'origine dei fili d'oro e d'argento con cui gli abeti vengono ornati. In una lontana notte di Natale, in una casa di campagna con tanti bambini, l'albero era pronto, già ornato di candeline e di palle colorate.

Era così bello che anche il cane e il gatto erano rimasti a lungo in ammirazione e i topi avevano messo il musino fuori dalle tane. Anche i ragni che stavano nascosti negli angoli bui della stanza, incuriositi dall'insolito chiarore, vollero rendersi conto di quel che stava succedendo. Si arrampicarono di ramo in ramo, di palla in palla, di candelina in candelina. Sì era un bell'albero, convennero e tornarono soddisfatti ai loro angoli nascosti. La mattina i bambini si alzarono felici e corsero ad ammirare il loro albero.

Meraviglia! Non c'erano soltanto le palle colorate, le arance e i gingilli, ma i rami erano ornati da un lungo filo d'oro che faceva brillare l'albero. In quella notte di prodigio anche la bava dei ragnetti si era trasformata in un filo prezioso. Da quel lontano Natale ogni albero si ornò di luminosi fili d'oro e d'argento.>

Sep-10-04  fred lennox: A side note, Philidor composed some fine music. From what i heard, Rameau and Couperin did not exist for him. Lully was his ideal. There is a crisp elegence as his playing. His imagination favored economy. Born at a latter age, he would of been a natural endgame wizard.
Sep-11-04  vonKrolock: ...in the "gracious legend" appears the forms <filo d'oro> and <fili d'oro> (singular and plural): from 'fili d'oro' to the surname 'Filidoro' the path is obvious. The form 'Filidori', in which the final "i' is gramatically unsuitable, is perfectly understandable in the context of a family name, p. ex.: "Anna (from the Filidoro's), dei Filidori" - later simply Filidori - exactly the oboist from Siena's surname adopted by Danican - whith Royal suggestion and permission - in the frenchised form "Philidor".
Sep-13-04  Knight13: Philidor is one of the best player ever!
Oct-04-04  morphy234: Does anyone know where I can find some of the operas he composed? thx.
Oct-04-04  poktirity: <vonKrolock> How many languages do you know? ;)
Oct-05-04  vonKrolock: <poktirity> Besides those that i declare in my profile, i can read some Russian, Latin, Greek and Hebrew - but just enough to have direct contact whith some classic texts - about Italian: for me, as Portuguese is my native language, is quite a traslucent matter, even whithout specific proficience (to read, off course - writing or speaking - this would be somewhat harder)
Nov-14-04  kostich in time: Larsen was once asked who is considered the best player of all time.He said Philidor..Philidor was indeed the Euclid of chess..but he never played anybody of the Italian school.He is mentioned by Diderot ( Rameaus Nephew)and Rousseau(Confessions)
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