- Black is OK! by Andras Adorjan
Adorjan, Andras. Black Is OK! B. T. Batsford Ltd. 1989.
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103 games, 1926-1987 - Botvinnik-Flohr Match 1933
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In the wake of Mikhail Botvinnik's win of the 1933 USSR Chess Championship in Leningrad, a match was devised by Alexander Ilyin-Zhenevsky and Nikolai Vasilyevich Krylenko to pit the new Soviet champion against Salomon Flohr, at that time one of the people believed to be strong enough to challenge Alexander Alekhine in a world championship title match. Flohr agreed to the match with Botvinnik, the first six games to be played in Moscow and the latter six games to be played in Leningrad. Many figures in Soviet chess circles at the time were skeptical of Botvinnik's chances against the very strong Czechoslavkian master, despite Botvinnik's successes and increasingly systematic methods of preparation. Krylenko insisted, however, claiming that Botvinnik and the new generation by extension had to be "tested." The first half of the match was dismal for both Botvinnik and Krylenko. Flohr got off to a one game lead in the opening round of the match, and had made it plus +2 by the wrap up in Moscow. Botvinnik persevered in Leningrad however, managing to win two games of his own and finally leaving the match score tied at 6 points a piece at the final. It was not the resounding victory Krylenko had hoped for, but Botvinnik at the very least had managed to spare them both embarrassment. The final standings and crosstable:
=1st Flohr 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 0 0 ½ ½ 6/12
=1st Botvinnik 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ 1 1 ½ ½ 6/12
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12 games, 1933 - Botvinnik-Levenfish Match 1937
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There is some dispute about how this match between Mikhail Botvinnik and Grigory Levenfish came about. Botvinnik had co-won the very strong international tournament at Nottingham with Jose Capablanca in the winter of 1936. After returning home to the Soviet Union and being awarded the Mark of Honor by Stalin he devoted himself to his dissertation to earn his Candidates degree, which he did in short order. However, Botvinnik consequently missed the 1937 USSR Chess Championship, the same championship won by Levenfish. Botvinnik claimed that Nikolai Krylenko was furious with him for missing the tournament and forced him into the match with the new Soviet champion. Levenfish claims that Botvinnik challenged him personally without any persuasion. Either way, the two played a thirteen game match distributed among the Soviet cities of Moscow and Leningrad. It was a hard fought match with ten of the thirteen game ending decisively. Levenfish got off to an early lead in the first three games, but then Botvinnik fought back and acquired the lead for himself by the eighth game. It would ultimately be Levenfish's win in the final round that would draw the match between the two Soviet masters at 6½ points each in the final. The final standings and crosstable:
=1st Botvinnik 1 0 0 ½ ½ 1 1 1 ½ 0 0 1 0 6½/13 =1st Levenfish 0 1 1 ½ ½ 0 0 0 ½ 1 1 0 1 6½/13
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13 games, 1937 - Botvinnik-Ragozin Match 1940
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The 1940 USSR Chess Championship had been conducted with the idea that the winner would be the Soviet Union's top choice for a financed world championship match with Alexander Alekhine. Although Mikhail Botvinnik had participated with the expectation of winning the event (and he had led the field in the first half of the tournament) he had finished in fifth place, leaving a play off match between the co-winners, Igor Bondarevsky and Andre Lilienthal, to determine who would face Alekhine. Botvinnik was unsatisfied with this result, however, and wrote to a powerful party official to intervene and turn the playoff match into a six player quadruple round robin "absolute championship" to be played in 1941. The six players would be the top six finishers of the 1940 championship, allowing Botvinnik a second chance at the world championship challenger's seat. Because he felt he had lost previously to the atmosphere of the playing conditions (noise, smoke, crowds, etc.) Botvinnik devised a training match of ten games with his second and longtime training partner Viacheslav Ragozin to be played in Leningrad before the "absolute championship" to better prepare him for the conditions he would face. In addition to making the room smokey and crowded, Botvinnik spent days (sometimes even sleeping overnight) in the playing hall with constant noise to acclimate himself while he played. He must have been pleased with the eventual results as he not only crushed his second with five wins and no losses, but went on to win the "absolute championship" as well. The final standings and crosstable:
1st Botvinnik ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 1 1 7½/10
2nd Ragozin ½ ½ 0 ½ 0 ½ ½ 0 0 0 2½/10
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10 games, 1940 - Breslau 1889
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The sixth meeting of the Deutschen Schachkongresse took place in Breslau in 1889. It was the sixth master's tournament (Deutschen Schachbund) organized since its inception ten year's previously at Leipzig in 1879. As in the previous five editions, the round robin tournament was an international event, pitting German masters against the best of Europe at the time. Germany was represented by its usual field of strong masters, including Louis Paulsen, Siegbert Tarrasch, Alexander Fritz, Max Harmonist, Johannes Metger, Jacques Mieses, Emil Schallopp, Curt von Bardeleben, Johannes Von Minckwitz, and Johann Bauer who had won his spot by winning the 1887 Frankfurt Hauptturnier master title. The German masters were joined from Great Britain by Joseph Henry Blackburne, who was the winner of the second Deutschen Schachbund at Berlin in 1881, Amos Burn, George Hatfeild Gossip, Isidor Gunsberg, and James Mason. The field was completed by Semion Alapin and Emmanuel Schiffers from Russia, and Johann Berger from Austria. The eighteen assembled chess masters participated in one of the strongest international events of 1889 (and many would make their way over to the United States to participate in the New York international tournament later in the year). The event was significant in signaling the arrival of Tarrasch as one of the top players in the latter 19th century. He won clear first, undefeated with +9 at the final, a whole point and half ahead of second place Burn. Tarrasch's play was soon considered a school of thought that would antagonize both Steinitz's methods as well as the school of chess thought Emanuel Lasker's play would represent later. Here, Tarrasch dominated with his so-called "correct play," and won international tournaments of merit up through the turn of the century. It was also the first of three eventual titles he would earn at the Deutschen Schachbund, a feat only to be matched by Carl Schlechter later. The final standings and crosstable:
1st Tarrasch 13/17 * ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 1 1 1 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 1 ½ 1 2nd Burn 11½/17 ½ * 1 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 1 0 ½ 1 ½ 3rd Von Bardeleben 11/17 ½ 0 * ½ 1 0 ½ 1 1 ½ 0 ½ 1 1 1 1 1 ½ 4th Mieses 10½/17 0 0 ½ * ½ 1 ½ 1 0 ½ 0 1 1 1 1 1 ½ 1 =5th Bauer 10/17 ½ ½ 0 ½ * ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 1 ½ 1 ½ 0 ½ 1 =5th Paulsen 10/17 ½ 0 1 0 ½ * 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 =5th Gunsberg 10/17 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 * ½ ½ 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 =8th Mason 9/17 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 1 ½ * 1 1 ½ 0 ½ 0 1 1 ½ 1 =8th Blackburne 9/17 0 ½ 0 1 0 0 ½ 0 * 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 10th Berger 8½/17 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 0 0 0 * 1 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 11th Schallopp 8/17 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 ½ 1 0 * 0 ½ 0 1 1 1 1 12th Metger 7½/17 ½ ½ ½ 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 * ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ 1 =13th Fritz 7/17 ½ 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ * 0 1 ½ 1 ½ =13th Von Minckwitz 7/17 ½ 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 ½ 1 * 1 0 1 1 =15th Alapin 6½/17 0 1 0 0 ½ 1 1 0 0 ½ 0 1 0 0 * 1 0 ½ =15th Harmonist 6½/17 0 ½ 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 ½ 0 ½ ½ 1 0 * 1 ½ 17th Schiffers 5/17 ½ 0 0 ½ ½ 0 0 ½ 0 ½ 0 ½ 0 0 1 0 * 1 18th Gossip 3/17 0 ½ ½ 0 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 0 ½ ½ 0 *
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153 games, 1889 - Bucharest 1954
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In the spring of 1954, after the USSR Championships in January but before the FIDE congress in July, an international chess tournament was held in the Romanian capital of Bucharest. The players in attendance included four Soviet masters, Viktor Korchnoi, Ratmir Kholmov, Semyon Furman, and Rashid Nezmetdinov; Swedish international grandmaster Gideon Stahlberg; two Czechoslovakian international masters, Miroslav Filip and Ludek Pachman; Belgian international master, Alberic O'Kelly de Galway; Polish international master, Bogdan Sliwa; Italian international master, Enrico Paoli; three Hungarian masters, Bela Sandor, Stefan Szabo, and Gyula Kluger; New Zealand international master, Robert Wade; and four players representing Romania, Victor Ciocaltea, Ion Balanel, Octav Troianescu, and Paul Voiculescu. The four Soviet masters were practically unknown outside their own country at this time, but were being allowed to compete internationally for the first time as a result of loosening travel restrictions due to Kruschev's "DeStalinization," and because the All-Union section of the Russian Chess Federation wanted to answer criticism that they only sent their top Grandmasters to international tournaments because they were afraid their Masters wouldn't show very good results against tough western players. However, before the tournament, the Russian Chess Federation paid for the four Soviet Masters to go to Moscow for a special preparation and training course for the upcoming tournament, under the direction of Isaac Boleslavsky and David Bronstein. Due to their impressive results here at Bucharest, the four Soviet masters (as well as Kluger and Balanel) would be awarded international master titles at the July '54 FIDE Congress. Korchnoi won the tournament in impressive form, making his entrance (and inevitable stay) into international chess entirely memorable. Nezhmetdinov won the tournament first brilliancy prize with his astounding win against Paoli in the fifth round. Just before the fifth round, Nezhmetdinov was informed that his son, Iskander, had just been born. He was later quoted as saying "At the end of the round, I sent a telegram to my wife: 'I congratulate you on the birth of our son, and I dedicate my game with Paoli to him.'" And a fine dedication it was! The final standings and crosstable:
1st Korchnoi 13/17 * ½ 1 ½ 0 ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2nd Nezhmetdinov 12½/17 ½ * 1 ½ ½ 0 0 ½ 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 =3rd Filip 11/17 0 0 * 0 ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 1 1 1 1 1 ½ ½ 1 =3rd Kholmov 11/17 ½ ½ 1 * ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 1 ½ 1 0 0 1 1 1 5th Kluger 10½/17 1 ½ ½ ½ * 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 0 1 1 =6th Furman 10/17 ½ 1 0 ½ 1 * 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 0 1 1 =6th Pachman 10/17 0 1 ½ ½ ½ 0 * ½ ½ ½ 1 0 1 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 8th O'Kelly de Galway 9½/17 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ * ½ 1 1 ½ 0 1 0 ½ 1 ½ 9th Stahlberg 9/17 0 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ * ½ ½ 1 0 ½ 1 1 1 1 10th Troianescu 8½/17 ½ 0 0 0 ½ 0 ½ 0 ½ * 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 1 1 ½ 11th Sandor 8/17 ½ ½ 0 0 ½ ½ 0 0 ½ 0 * ½ 1 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 =12th Balanel 7/17 0 0 0 ½ 0 ½ 1 ½ 0 ½ ½ * 1 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ =12th Sliwa 7/17 0 0 0 0 ½ ½ 0 1 1 0 0 0 * 1 1 1 0 1 =12th Szabo 7/17 0 0 0 1 ½ ½ 0 0 ½ ½ 0 1 0 * ½ ½ 1 1 15th Wade 6½/17 0 0 0 1 0 1 ½ 1 0 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ * 0 1 ½ 16th Ciocaltea 6/17 0 0 ½ 0 1 1 0 ½ 0 0 0 ½ 0 ½ 1 * ½ ½ 17th Paoli 3½/17 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 ½ 0 1 0 0 ½ * ½ 18th Voiculescu 3/17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 ½ 0 ½ 0 0 ½ ½ ½ * *This collection would not have been possible without the support and hard work of <jessicafischerqueen>
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153 games, 1954 - Budapest 1896
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The Budapest Chess Club organized a chess tournament, to participate in the Budapest Millennial Exhibition intended to mark the 1000 years since the Magyar conquest of Hungary by the legendary King Árpád in 896, in October of 1896. Among the participants were established masters such as Siegbert Tarrasch, Mikhail Chigorin, and David Janowski, as well as young chess stars such as Harry Nelson Pillsbury and Carl Schlechter. Hungary was represented by Géza Maróczy, who was acting solely as tournament director until Semyon Alapin withdrew at the last minute and Maróczy stepped in as replacement to preserve the orginal organization, and new star Rudolf Charousek who had made his international debut the year before at Nuremberg. Maróczy was quick to secure a venue and funding- Emperor Franz Joseph donated the rent for the tournament venue: the monumental restaurant-hall of the fabulous Pest Vigadó, Budapest's premiere entertainment building, though the Budapest Chess Club had regularly met in the Pest Vigadó, in one of the smaller, and more affordable, back rooms. The Emperor also donated a 12 kilogram solid silver trophy, a statue of "Winged Victory." Baron Albert Rothschild provided 1000 Kronen and famed explorer Count Jenő Zichy provided 600 kronen towards the prize fund. Hungarian chess master Kornél Havasi acted as chief referee, and enforced a time control of two hours for the first 30 moves, and one hour for each 15 minutes after that. Siegbert Tarrasch was awarded first brilliancy prize (beauty prize) for his Queen sac game against Ignatz Von Popiel in round six. Charousek tied Chigorin for first at the end of the tournament, and at first tournament director Maróczy insisted that there be no playoff--he argued that since Charousek had won his tournament game against Chigorin, the Hungarian master should be given clear first. Chigorin, however, insisted on a playoff mini-match, and Charousek was keen to participate in the showdown, effectively overruling the tournament director. Chigorin, a veteran match player, soundly defeated the young Charousek 3-1 in the playoff. After winning the playoff, Chigorin was given a choice: the silver "Winged Victory" trophy or 2,500 kronen. He took the money, and the trophy sat at the Budapest Chess Club until the advent of World War I, after which the trophy mysteriously was "lost." Charousek received 2000 kronen for second place. This result made Charousek an instant national hero in Austria Hungary, and he was invited by the nobility of Budpest and Vienna to lecture and to play simultaneous exhibitions. To this day, Budapest 1896 is the strongest chess tournament ever held in Hungary. The final standings and crosstable:
=1st Charousek 8½/12 * 1 1 ½ 0 ½ 1 ½ 1 1 0 1 1 =1st Chigorin 8½/12 0 * ½ 0 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 1 ½ 1 3rd Pillsbury 7½/12 0 ½ * ½ ½ 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 =4th Schlechter 7/12 ½ 1 ½ * 1 ½ 1 ½ 0 ½ 1 ½ 0 =4th Janowski 7/12 1 0 ½ 0 * 0 1 0 1 1 ½ 1 1
=6th Walbrodt 6½/12 ½ 0 0 ½ 1 * 1 0 1 0 ½ 1 1 =6th Winawer 6½/12 0 ½ 0 0 0 0 * 1 1 1 1 1 1
8th Tarrasch 6/12 ½ 0 1 ½ 1 1 0 * ½ 0 0 ½ 1 =9th Albin 5/12 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 ½ * 0 1 ½ 1
=9th Maróczy 5/12 0 0 0 ½ 0 1 0 1 1 * ½ 0 1
11th Marco 4½/12 1 0 0 0 ½ ½ 0 1 0 ½ * 1 0
12th Noa 4/12 0 ½ 0 ½ 0 0 0 ½ ½ 1 0 * 1
13th Popiel 2/12 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 *
Playoff Match:
1st Chigorin 3/4 1 1 0 1
2nd Charousek 1/4 0 0 1 0
*special thanks go to <jessicafischerqueen> for the superb historical details that helped complete this collection.
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82 games, 1896 - Budapest 1921
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Twelve European masters gathered in Budapest, Hungary in 1921 to compete in a round robin tournament. Alekhine won clear first in yet another international tournament to begin his bid as a world championship challenger. The final standings and crosstable:
1st Alekhine 8½/11 * ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 2nd Grünfeld 8/11 ½ * 0 ½ 1 1 1 ½ ½ 1 1 1
=3rd Kostic 7½/11 ½ 1 * ½ 1 1 ½ 0 ½ ½ 1 1 =3rd Tartakower 7½/11 ½ ½ ½ * 1 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 1 5th Von Balla 6/11 0 0 0 0 * ½ 1 ½ 1 1 1 1
6th Euwe 5½/11 ½ 0 0 0 ½ * 1 ½ 1 1 0 1
7th Bogoljubow 5/11 0 0 ½ ½ 0 0 * 1 ½ ½ 1 1 =8th Vajda 4½/11 0 ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ 0 * ½ 0 ½ ½ =8th Sämisch 4½/11 ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 0 ½ ½ * ½ ½ ½ 10th Sterk 4/11 0 0 ½ ½ 0 0 ½ 1 ½ * 1 0
11th Steiner 3/11 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ½ ½ 0 * 1
12th Schweiger 2/11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ½ ½ 1 0 *
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66 games, 1921 - Budapest 1940
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Former world champion Max Euwe was invited to join five Hungarian chess masters for a round robin tournament in Budapest in 1940. The list of players, including both legends of Hungarian chess and emerging talents, included Milan Vidmar, Laszlo Szabo, Gedeon Barcza, Zoltan von Balla, and Pal Rethy. Euwe dominated, finishing undefeated with +4, winning 80% of his games. The final standings and crosstable:
1st Euwe 4½/5 * ½ 1 1 1 1
2nd Vidmar 3½/5 ½ * ½ 1 ½ 1
3rd Barcza 3/5 0 ½ * 1 ½ 1
4th von Balla 1½/5 0 0 0 * 1 ½
5th Szabo 1½/5 0 ½ ½ 0 * ½
6th Rethy 1/5 0 0 0 ½ ½ *
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15 games, 1940 - Budapest 1952
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In the year following the death of Geza Maroczy a memorial chess tournament was held in the city of Budapest. The Hungarian chess association with the assistance of Viacheslav Ragozin and Arpad Vajda organized the round robin event that began on March 3rd, 1952, which would have been Maroczy's 82nd birthday. Eight grandmasters, eight international masters, and two national masters totaled the playing strength of those invited. Five of the Soviet Union's best grandmasters, including the world champion, attended. They were Mikhail Botvinnik, Efim Geller, Paul Keres, Tigran Petrosian, and Vasily Smyslov. The other three grandmasters to attend were Swedish grandmaster Gideon Stahlberg, and grandmasters and Hungarian champions Laszlo Szabo and Gedeon Barcza. Hungary was also represented by international masters Pal Benko, Erno Gereben, and Jozsef Szily. Harry Golombek participated on behalf of England, Alberic O'Kelly de Galway participated on behalf of Belgium, and Hans Platz participated on behalf of East Germany. Bogdan Silwa traveled from Poland, Octavio Troianescu from Romania, and Cenek Kottnauer from Czechoslovakia. Herman Pilnik, the only player to participate from the Americas, traveled from Argentina. Additional information on the event can be found here: http://blog.chess.com/cgs/marczy-me... The event was one of the stronger post-war tournaments to be held, as well as an indication of the Soviet Union's chess might in international events. Four of the five Soviet participants finished in the top five, with Paul Keres taking the trophy with clear first. It was a brutal month of chess, with few draws, due in part to the uneven playing strengths of the participants. Not many players escaped with less than three losses, including such undefeatable heavyweights as Smyslov and Petrosian. I think, though, Maroczy would have approved. A fine tournament to commemorate one of the turn of the century's most dynamic chess masters. The final standings and crosstable:
1st Keres 12½/17 * 1 ½ 1 ½ 0 0 1 1 ½ 1 1 ½ ½ 1 1 1 1 2nd Geller 12/17 0 * 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 1 1 1 =3rd Botvinnik 11/17 ½ 0 * ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 1 ½ ½ 0 1 1 1 1 1 ½ =3rd Smyslov 11/17 0 ½ ½ * ½ ½ ½ 0 1 1 1 ½ 1 0 1 1 1 1 =3rd Stahlberg 11/17 ½ ½ ½ ½ * 0 1 ½ ½ 0 ½ 1 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 6th Szabo 10½/17 1 0 ½ ½ 1 * 1 ½ ½ 1 1 1 1 0 ½ 0 0 1 =7th Petrosian 9½/17 1 ½ ½ ½ 0 0 * 0 ½ 0 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 1 1 =7th Pilnik 9½/17 0 0 0 1 ½ ½ 1 * ½ ½ 0 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 1 1 9th O'Kelly de Galway 9/17 0 ½ 0 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ * 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 1 ½ 10th Benko 8½/17 ½ ½ ½ 0 1 0 1 ½ 0 * 0 1 1 1 ½ 0 0 1 =11th Barcza 8/17 0 0 ½ 0 ½ 0 0 1 ½ 1 * ½ ½ 1 1 0 ½ 1 =11th Szily 8/17 0 ½ 1 ½ 0 0 ½ 0 ½ 0 ½ * ½ 1 1 0 1 1 =13th Golombek 7/17 ½ ½ 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ ½ * ½ 1 1 1 1 =13th Kottnauer 7/17 ½ ½ 0 1 0 1 ½ ½ ½ 0 0 0 ½ * 0 1 1 0 15th Gereben 6/17 0 0 0 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 0 0 1 * 1 0 1 16th Troianescu 5½/17 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 * ½ 1 17th Sliwa 5/17 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 ½ 0 0 0 1 ½ * 1 18th Platz 2/17 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 *
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153 games, 1952 - Budapest Tungsram 1973
[Under Construction; need to submit 59 games to the database.]
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61 games, 1973 - Bugojno 1980
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The 2nd International Bugojno Chess Tournament held in Yugoslavia in 1980 was a category XV event. Twelve players, including the world champion, gathered to compete in the round robin format. The participants were (in order of ELO): Anatoli Karpov (2725), Mikhail Tal (2705), Lev Polugaevsky (2635), Lubomir Kavalek (2600), Jan Timman (2600), Vlastimil Hort (2595), Ulf Andersson (2590), Bent Larsen (2590), Ljubomir Ljubojevic (2590), Svetozar Gligoric (2565), Borislav Ivkov (2530), and Bojan Kurajica (2505). The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 1 Karpov 8/11 * ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 1 1 1
2 Larsen 7.5/11 ½ * ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 1 1
3 Timman 6.5/11 0 ½ * ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ 1
4 Ljubojevic 5.5/11 ½ ½ ½ * 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 5 Polugaevsky 5.5/11 ½ ½ 0 1 * ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 6 Andersson 5.5/11 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ * ½ 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ 7 Hort 5/11 ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ * ½ ½ ½ ½ ½
8 Kurajica 5/11 ½ ½ 0 0 ½ 1 ½ * ½ 0 ½ 1
9 Ivkov 5/11 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ * ½ ½ ½
10 Tal 5/11 0 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ * ½ ½
11 Kavalek 4/11 0 0 ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ * ½ 12 Gligoric 3.5/11 0 0 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ *
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66 games, 1980 - Bugojno 1982
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The 3rd International Bugojno Chess Tournament held in Yugoslavia in 1982 was a category XIV event. Fourteen players competed in a round robin format, including (in order of ELO): Jan Timman (2655), Garry Kasparov (2640), Boris Spassky (2625), Robert Huebner (2620), Tigran Petrosian (2605), Bent Larsen (2605), Ulf Andersson (2605), Lev Polugaevsky (2600), Ljubomir Ljubojevic (2600), Lubomir Kavalek (2590), Svetozar Gligoric (2535), Miguel Najdorf (2510), Bozidar Ivanovic (2485), and Borislav Ivkov (2480). This tournament would mark the rise of the greatest chess player of the modern era. 19 year old Garry Kasparov faced an elite group of grandmasters from the previous and current generation and emerged triumphant and undefeated with an impressive 9.5/13. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 01 Kasparov 9.5/13 * = = = = 1 = 1 = = 1 1 1 1 02 Huebner 8/13 = * 0 = = = = = 1 = = = 1 1
03 Polugaevsky 8/13 = 1 * = = = = 0 = 1 = 1 1 = 04 Ljubojevic 8/13 = = = * = = = = 1 1 = = = 1 05 Spassky 7.5/13 = = = = * = = 1 = = = = 1 =
06 Petrosian 7/13 0 = = = = * = = = 1 = = = 1
07 Andersson 7/13 = = = = = = * 0 = 1 = = 1 =
08 Larsen 6.5/13 0 = 1 = 0 = 1 * 0 0 1 1 1 =
09 Ivanovic 6/13 = 0 = 0 = = = 1 * 1 = 0 0 1
10 Timman 5.5/13 = = 0 0 = 0 0 1 0 * 1 1 = =
11 Kavalek 5/13 0 = = = = = = 0 = 0 * = = =
12 Najdorf 5/13 0 = 0 = = = = 0 1 0 = * = =
13 Gligoric 4.5/13 0 0 0 = 0 = 0 0 1 = = = * 1 14 Ivkov 3.5/13 0 0 = 0 = 0 = = 0 = = = 0 *
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91 games, 1982 - Bugojno 1984
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The 4th International Bugojno Chess Tournament held in Yugoslavia in May of 1984 was a category XIV event. Fourteen players gathered to compete in the round robin format. The participants were (in order of ELO): Ljubomir Ljubojevic (2635), Ulf Andersson (2630), Mikhail Tal (2620), Boris Spassky (2615), Anthony Miles (2610), Zoltan Ribli (2610), Jan Timman (2610), Vasily Smyslov (2600), Alexander Beliavsky (2565), Bent Larsen (2565), Eugenio Torre (2565), Vladimir Kovacevic (2555), Bozidar Ivanovic (2525), and Svetozar Gligoric (2510). In the absence of the previous tournament winners, Karpov and Kasparov (who were busy with a world championship match), Timman's adventurous chess play shone above the rest, earning him first place in a field that included three former world champions, and current contenders. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 1 Timman 8.5/13 * = 1 = = = = = = = 1 1 = 1
2 Ribli 8/13 = * = = 1 = = = = = = 1 = 1
3 Torre 7.5/13 0 = * 0 = 1 = = = 1 1 = = 1
4 Spassky 7/13 = = 1 * = = = = = 0 = = 1 =
5 Tal 6.5/13 = 0 = = * = = = = 0 = = 1 1
6 Beliavsky 6.5/13 = = 0 = = * = = = 1 = = = =
7 Gligoric 6.5/13 = = = = = = * = = = = 1 0 =
8 Ljubojevic 6.5/13 = = = = = = = * = 1 = = 0 = 9 Andersson 6.5/13 = = = = = = = = * 1 = = = 0
10 Miles 6/13 = = 0 1 1 0 = 0 0 * = = = 1
11 Smyslov 6/13 0 = 0 = = = = = = = * = 1 =
12 Kovacevic 5.5/13 0 0 = = = = 0 = = = = * 1 = 13 Larsen 5/13 = = = 0 0 = 1 1 = = 0 0 * 0
14 Ivanovic 5/13 0 0 0 = 0 = = = 1 0 = = 1 *
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91 games, 1984 - Bugojno 1986
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The 5th International Bugojno Chess Tournament held in Yugoslavia in 1986 was the first category XVI event ever held. Eight top grandmasters were invited to participate in the double round robin. They were (in order of ELO): Anatoli Karpov (2700), Jan Timman (2645), Artur Yusupov (2645), Anthony Miles (2610), Lajos Portisch (2610), Boris Spassky (2610), Ljubomir Ljubojevic (2605), and Andrei Sokolov (2595). Karpov won once again, but Andrei Sokolov also made a terrific showing going undefeated and dealing Karpov his only loss in the tournament. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 1 Karpov 8.5/14 ** 0½ 1½ ½½ 1½ ½1 ½½ ½1 2 Sokolov 7.5/14 1½ ** ½½ ½½ ½½ ½½ ½½ ½½ 3 Ljubojevic 7.5/14 0½ ½½ ** ½½ 1½ ½½ 01 1½ 4 Portisch 7/14 ½½ ½½ ½½ ** 0½ ½½ ½½ ½1 5 Yusupov 7/14 0½ ½½ 0½ 1½ ** ½½ 11 ½0
6 Spassky 7/14 ½0 ½½ ½½ ½½ ½½ ** ½½ 1½ 7 Miles 6/14 ½½ ½½ 10 ½½ 00 ½½ ** 10
8 Timman 5.5/14 ½0 ½½ 0½ ½0 ½1 0½ 01 **
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56 games, 1986 - Cambridge Springs 1904
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In the Spring of 1904, American and European chess masters gathered at Cambridge Springs, Pennsylvania to compete in a large round robin tournament. Among the competitors were seven of the top ten players of the world, as well as the World Champion and the various national champions of Russia, France, Austria, and the United States. The participants were Emanuel Lasker, Mikhail Chigorin, David Janowski, Harry Nelson Pillsbury, Carl Schlechter, Frank James Marshall, Georg Marco, Jacques Mieses, Richard Teichmann, Jackson Showalter, William Napier, Albert Hodges, Eugene Delmar, Albert Fox, John Finan Barry, and Thomas Francis Lawrence. 27 year old Frank Marshall stunned the chess world with his phenomenal victory of 13/15 over the chess elite, including wins against Janowski, Schlechter, and Pillsbury (two of which were brilliancy prizes). Marshall's win marked the beginning of a career that would include going on to be US Champion for 27 years and a challenger for the world championship against Lasker in 1907. The final standings and crosstable:
1st Marshall 13/15 * 1 ½ ½ 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 =2nd Janowski 11/15 0 * 0 ½ ½ 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 =2nd Lasker 11/15 ½ 1 * ½ ½ 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 ½ 1 1 4th Marco 9/15 ½ ½ ½ * ½ ½ 1 0 ½ 1 0 1 ½ ½ 1 1 5th Showalter 8½/15 0 ½ ½ ½ * ½ 1 1 1 ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 =6th Schlechter 7½/15 0 0 1 ½ ½ * 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ 1 1 ½ 1 ½ =6th Chigorin 7½/15 ½ 0 0 0 0 1 * 1 ½ 0 1 ½ 1 1 0 1 =8th Mieses 7/15 0 0 0 1 0 ½ 0 * 1 1 1 0 1 ½ 1 0 =8th Pillsbury 7/15 0 0 1 ½ 0 ½ ½ 0 * 1 ½ 0 ½ 1 ½ 1 =10th Fox 6½/15 0 1 0 0 ½ 1 1 0 0 * 1 1 0 1 0 0 =10th Teichmann 6½/15 0 0 0 1 1 ½ 0 0 ½ 0 * ½ 1 0 1 1 =12th Lawrence 5½/15 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 ½ 1 1 0 ½ * 1 ½ 0 ½ =12th Napier 5½/15 ½ 0 0 ½ ½ 0 0 0 ½ 1 0 0 * 1 1 ½ =14th Barry 5/15 0 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ 0 0 1 ½ 0 * 0 1 =14th Hodges 5/15 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 1 0 ½ 1 0 1 0 1 * 0 16th Delmar 4½/15 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 1 0 1 0 ½ ½ 0 1 * This collection would not have been possible without: http://cs1904.com/
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120 games, 1904 - Cannes 2002
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The NAO Chess Masters invitational tournament was held in Cannes, France from February 22nd to March 3rd, 2002. Ten grandmasters participated in the round robin event, including (in order of ELO): Alexander Morozevich (2742), Veselin Topalov (2739), Peter Leko (2713), Evgeny Bareev (2707), Boris Gelfand (2703), Anatoli Karpov (2693), Joel Lautier (2687), Etienne Bacrot (2649), Laurent Fressinet (2591), and Igor Nataf (2546). The average of the combined ratings of the assembled players qualified the tournament as a category XVIII event. Topalov and Gelfand tied for first, with both finishing undefeated at +3. The shocker of the event was top seed Morozevich finishing with -4, alone at the bottom of the standings. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 01 Topalov 6/9 * ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ 1
02 Gelfand 6/9 ½ * ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 1
03 Bareev 4.5/9 ½ ½ * 1 ½ 1 0 ½ ½ 0
04 Bacrot 4.5/9 ½ ½ 0 * 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½
05 Karpov 4.5/9 0 ½ ½ 0 * 1 ½ ½ 1 ½
06 Leko 4.5/9 ½ ½ 0 ½ 0 * 1 ½ ½ 1
07 Fressinet 4.5/9 ½ 0 1 ½ ½ 0 * ½ ½ 1
08 Lautier 4/9 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ * ½ ½
09 Nataf 4/9 ½ 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ * 1
10 Morozevich 2.5/9 0 0 1 ½ ½ 0 0 ½ 0 *
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45 games, 2002 - Chicago 1874
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The third United States Chess Congress was held in the city of Chicago, Illinois from July 7th to the 16th, 1874. Eight American chess masters and players participated in the "double rounds" master event by paying an entry fee of $20. The participants were previous US Congress winner George Henry Mackenzie, previous US Congress participants Frederic Elder, Henry Hosmer, Max Judd, Hiram Kennicott, and Frederick Perrin, as well as Frederick Bock and James Adams Congdon. The time control was fifteen moves every hour and for the first time in an organized US tournament draws were not required to be replayed. Elder and Kennicott both had to withdraw before their games could be completed, however the games played, their scores, and subsequent standings were included at the final. Games decided by forfeit have been omitted from this collection due to their absence from the database. As with many tournaments and events from the 19th century, no official organization of rounds or scheduling was in place, so the games are organized below according to the days in which play began. Mackenzie won his second consecutive American Chess Congress as well as the $225 grand prize by finishing clear first with +9, yet just half a point of second place Hosmer. The final standings and crosstable:
1st Mackenzie 10½/12 ** 10 1½ 11 -- 11 11 11 2nd Hosmer 10/12 01 ** 10 11 -- 11 11 11
3rd Judd 7/10 0½ 01 ** 1½ -- 11 11 --
4th Bock 5½/12 00 00 0½ ** 1½ 11 1½ --
5th Elder 3½/6 -- -- -- 0½ ** 01 11 --
6th Perrin 2/12 00 00 00 00 10 ** 10 --
7th Congdon 1½ /12 00 00 00 0½ 00 01 ** --
8th Kennicott 0/4 00 00 -- -- -- -- -- **
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36 games, 1874 - Chicago 1982
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In April of 1982, a double round robin tournament was organized in Chicago, Illinois as part of a plan to provide US international master William Martz with a grandmaster norm. The complete list of participants included (in order of ELO): Viktor Korchnoi (2645), Robert Huebner (2620), Walter Shawn Browne (2585), Anatoly Lein (2490), Roman Dzindzichashvili (2460), and William Martz (2405). The average of the combined rating of all the participants qualified the tournament as a category XII event. Martz didn't win his GM norm, but it was an impressive victory for Huebner who finished undefeated with six wins, more than two points ahead of second place Browne. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 1 Huebner 8/10 ** 1½ ½1 1½ 11 ½1
2 Browne 5.5/10 0½ ** 1½ ½1 ½0 ½1
3 Korchnoi 5/10 ½0 0½ ** ½½ ½1 1½
4 Dzindzichashvili 4.5/10 0½ ½0 ½½ ** ½½ ½1 5 Lein 4/10 00 ½1 ½0 ½½ ** ½½
6 Martz 3/10 ½0 ½0 0½ ½0 ½½ **
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30 games, 1982 - Copenhagen 1923
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In the wake of the Great War, Aron Nimzowitsch returned to international chess play after a long absence. In his new home city of Copenhagen, Denmark Nimzowitsch met three other masters and two Danish players for a double round robin tournament held from March 3rd to the 14th in 1923. During this fertile period of the hypermodern school, Nimzowitsch's style shone brilliantly as he took first place a full two points ahead of the rest of the field, with a brilliancy against Friedrich Sämisch which has since been referred to as "The Immortal Zugzwang Game." The final standings and crosstable:
1st Nimzowitsch 8/10 ** 1½ 11 ½½ 11 ½1
=2nd Tartakower 6/10 0½ ** 0½ ½1 ½1 11
=2nd Sämisch 6/10 00 1½ ** ½1 ½1 ½1
4th Spielmann 5½/10 ½½ ½0 ½0 ** ½1 11
5th Jacobsen 3/10 00 ½0 ½0 ½0 ** ½1
6th Möller 1½/10 ½0 00 ½0 00 ½0 **
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30 games, 1923
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Kibitzing
