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Never Resign! I used to have a collection called "Never Resign!" when I first joined chessgames.com back in 2003, and then for some reason I deleted it. Well, I'm back and so is it. "Nobody ever won a game by resigning." -- Savielly Tartakower 8 games, 1880-1994 New York 1857 The first American Chess Congress was held in New York City from October 6th to November 10th, 1857. Organized by Daniel Willard Fiske, the tournament was designed as a knockout format similar to the one seen at London in 1851, with the provision that draws did not count and had to be replayed. The first prize was $300. The sixteen best American chess masters were invited to participate in the event, including Paul Morphy and Louis Paulsen. Morphy dominated the event, sweeping each of his opponents until Paulsen in the final. Despite dropping one game in the final match, Morphy finished the tournament with an astounding 14 wins, 3 draws, and 1 loss. Not one to accept money for chess, Morphy turned down the cash prize in exchange for a silver tray, pitcher, and four goblets in its place. His victory cemented him as one of the best players in the world (if not the best), and prompted his tour across the Atlantic where he faced the best Europe had to offer in a series of matches, winning each and every one of them. Not long after his return to America, Morphy would retire from chess. The matches, final standings, and crosstables: First Round: +Morphy 3/3 1 1 1 -Thompson 0/3 0 0 0 +Meek 3/5 1 0 0 1 1 -Fuller 2/5 0 1 1 0 0 -Knott 2½/6 ½ 1 0 1 0 0 +Perrin 3½/6 ½ 0 1 0 1 1 +Lichtenhein 3/5 0 0 1 1 1 -Stanley 2/5 1 1 0 0 0 +Raphael 3½/6 ½ 0 1 0 1 1 -Kennicott 2½/6 ½ 1 0 1 0 0 -Fiske 2/5 0 1 1 0 0 +Marache 3/5 1 0 0 1 1 -Calthrop 0/3 0 0 0 +Paulsen 3/3 1 1 1 -Allison 1/4 0 1 0 0 +Montgomery 3/4 1 0 1 1 Quarterfinal Round: +Morphy 3/3 1 1 1 -Meek 0/3 0 0 0 -Perrin 0/3 0 0 0 +Lichtenhein 3/3 1 1 1 +Raphael 3½/6 1 ½ 0 0 1 1 -Marache 2½/6 0 ½ 1 1 0 0 +Paulsen 2/2 1 1 -Montgomery 0/2 0 0 Semifinal Round: +Morphy 3½/4 1 1 ½ 1 -Lichtenhein ½/4 0 0 ½ 0 -Raphael ½/3 0 ½ 0 +Paulsen 2½/3 1 ½ 1 Third place playoff: 3rd Lichtenhein 3/3 1 1 1 4th Raphael 0/3 0 0 0 Final Match: 1st Morphy 6/8 1 ½ 0 ½ 1 1 1 1 2nd Paulsen 2/8 0 ½ 1 ½ 0 0 0 0 68 games, 1857 New York 1880 The 5th American Chess Congress was held at the Manhattan Chess Club in New York City, the United States from January 6th to the 31st, 1880. Ten American chess masters and players participated in the nine "double rounds" of the main event. The participants included two-time US Chess Congress winner George Henry Mackenzie, 4th US Chess Congress runner-up Max Judd, previous Congress participants James Adams Congdon and Preston Ware, as well as Albert Cohnfeld, Eugene Delmar, James Grundy, Charles Moehle, John Ryan, and Alexander Sellman. Each of the players gained entrance to the masters tournament via a $20 entry fee. Games began promptly at 1 p.m. each day with a break for dinner between 5 p.m. and 7 p.m. whereby the games resumed until 11 p.m. Games were adjourned if the players could not reach a conclusion by midnight. The time control for the tournament was fifteen moves an hour, with an increment of whatever time unspent being carried over to the next time control. Sundays were reserved for rest days. I recommend reading Charles Gillsburg's account of the Congress, which he gives in great detail and can be found easily on Google Books. The final of the event saw a tie for first between Mackenzie and Grundy. The Congress rules stipulated in the event of a tie that a playoff match would follow the congress with the grand prize going to the first player to win two games. Mackenzie defeated Grundy handily and claimed the grand prize of $500 and a gold medal to commemorate his victory. Grundy received $300 for second place, while Moehle received $200 for third, Sellman received $100 for fourth, and Judd received $50 for fifth. It was Mackenzie's third and final US Congress victory and cemented his legacy as one of the strongest chess players living and playing in the United States in the 19th century. The final standings and crosstable: =1st Mackenzie 13½/18 ** 0½ 10 ½½ ½1 11 11 11 1½ 11 =1st Grundy 13½/18 1½ ** ½½ 10 1½ 11 1½ 01 11 11 3rd Moehle 13/18 01 ½½ ** 0½ 1½ 10 11 11 11 11 4th Sellman 12½/18 ½½ 01 1½ ** 10 1½ 11 0½ 11 11 5th Judd 11/18 ½0 0½ 0½ 01 ** ½1 11 11 01 11 6th Delmar 9½/18 00 00 01 0½ ½0 ** 11 11 ½1 11 =7th Ryan 5½/18 00 0½ 00 00 00 00 ** 11 01 11 =7th Ware 5½/18 00 10 00 1½ 00 00 00 ** ½1 1½ 9th Congdon 3½/18 ½0 00 00 00 10 ½0 01 0½ ** 00 10th Cohnfeld 2½/18 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0½ 11 ** Playoff Match: 1st Mackenzie 2/2 1 1 2nd Grundy 0/2 0 0 92 games, 1880 New York 1889 Chess was on the rise in the United States during the 1880s, and the imagination of the world was captured in the form of a new individual: the World Chess Champion. Wilhelm Steinitz had claimed the title for himself after defeating Johannes Zukertort in a match in 1886, and in the following years in his new adopted home of the USA Steinitz would be a positive promotional force. W. W. Ellsworth and Constantine Schubert, with the urging and support of Steinitz, prepared a proposal for the Sixth American Chess Congress. The main event would be a double round robin tournament of twenty players. A world championship match would then follow on the results. When the required sum of $5000 became available in 1888, the tournament was scheduled for the following year. It was during this period that Steinitz and Mikhail Chigorin played their first world championship match in Havana from January 20th until February 24th 1889. Steinitz won 10½-6½. New York 1889 started a month later. Steinitz withdrew as a participant, much to the horror of the organizing committee, but he remained available for administrative tasks and as journalist to report on the games each day. He would also later author the tournament book. Participants included ten Europeans: Henry Bird, Joseph Blackburne, Amos Burn, Mikhail Chigorin, George Gossip, Isidor Gunsberg, James Mason, William Pollock, Jean Taubenhaus, and Max Weiss; and ten players from the Americas: D. G. Baird, J. W. Baird, Constant Burille, Eugene Delmar, James Hanham, Max Judd, Samuel Lipschütz, Nicholas MacLeod, Dionisio Martinez, and Jackson Showalter. The schedule called for six games played per week at 8 Union Square. Play began at 1pm and continued until 5pm with a break for dinner and then resumed as necessary at 7pm with games adjourned at 11pm. Adjourned games were completed on rest days. A time limit of 15 moves per hour was regulated by stop-clocks. Draws counted as half a point in the first cycle of nineteen rounds, but had to be replayed once during the second cycle, with the second result standing. The tournament lasted from March 25th until May 27th 1889. The 6th Chess Congress consisted of 38 normal rounds, 8 replay rounds, and 4 playoff rounds, for a grand total of 50 rounds. A $50 cash prize donated by Frank Rudd and Fred Wehle was awarded to Gunsberg for the best game of the tournament for his win against Mason in the first cycle of rounds. A second $50 cash prize donated by Isaac Rice was awarded to Pollock for his brilliant win over Weiss in their game from the second cycle of rounds. The star of the event was Max Weiss. He won sixteen and drew seven games before the first replay round during the second cycle. That day started with a win in 68 moves. Thereafter the game against DG Baird was replayed. Weiss achieved a won endgame but lost in 113 moves eventually. His accuracy was gone and he lost against Blackburne in 57 moves the next day. At the end Weiss shared the first prize with Chigorin after the world vice-champion bounded up in the standings. A four game play-off was intended to determine a clear winner to face Steinitz for the world crown, but the two men, no doubt exhausted from the colossal tournament, drew all their games. Lipschütz, as the highest placing American, lobbied to be considered the American champion that year, but was unable to generate unanimous support. Jackson Showalter, "The Kentucky Lion", was also making a name for himself in the Midwest at this time, winning at Cincinnati 1888, and at Saint Louis, in February 1890 (The 3rd Congress of the US Chess Association). The rivalry between the two culminated in a short match in 1890, won by Showalter, who claimed the National Title. New York 1889 can be regarded as the first candidates’ tournament. The winner had the obligation to start a match against Steinitz within a month. Neither Weiss nor Chigorn wished to be compelled to play a championship match against Steinitz. As a result, the Committee decided to cancel the event. Weiss returned to Austria. He went on to win the Kolisch Memorial in Vienna in 1890, doing so without a loss. Thereafter he concentrated on his work for the Rothschild Bank. His solid chess can be seen to precede the style of Georg Marco, Carl Schlechter and Geza Maróczy. The third prize winner Gunsberg was interested in a match against Steinitz in New York. First Gunsberg drew a match against Chigorin in Havana at the beginning of 1890 (11½-11½). Upon the strength of that result his challenge was accepted by Steinitz. They played a match at the Manhattan Club later that year. Steinitz won with 10½-8½. Steinitz extensively wrote about New York 1889 in the International Chess Magazine and The Book of the Sixth American Chess Congress, New York 1891. His publications showed profound positional insights. A match between Steinitz and Weiss would have brought together the best positional players of 1889. New York, Mar. 25th -- May 27th, 1889 table[ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Score 01. Weiss XX ½0 ½1 10 ½½ ½1 1½ 11 11 11 10 ½½ ½1 10 11 11 ½1 11 11 11 29/38 02. Chigorin ½1 XX 00 ½1 11 10 00 11 01 ½1 11 11 ½1 11 10 11 11 11 11 11 29/38 03. Gunsberg ½0 11 XX 01 ½0 ½0 1½ 10 11 11 ½1 11 01 11 01 11 11 11 11 11 28½/38 04. Blackburne 01 ½0 10 XX 01 10 10 01 11 10 11 11 11 11 11 10 11 ½1 11 10 27/38 05. Burn ½½ 00 ½1 10 XX 1½ 00 11 11 10 11 11 01 00 11 01 11 11 11 11 26/38 06. Lipschütz ½0 01 ½1 01 0½ XX ½1 00 11 ½1 10 ½0 ½1 11 11 11 10 11 11 11 25½/38 07. Mason 0½ 11 0½ 01 11 ½0 XX ½0 00 11 ½0 10 01 01 ½1 1½ ½1 ½½ 11 11 22/38 08. Judd 00 00 01 10 00 11 ½1 XX 10 11 01 00 11 00 ½1 ½0 10 ½1 11 11 20/38 09. Delmar 00 10 00 00 00 00 11 01 XX ½0 10 11 0½ 10 01 11 10 11 11 01 18/38 10. Showalter 00 ½0 00 01 01 ½0 00 00 ½1 XX ½1 10 10 10 11 ½0 01 ½1 11 11 18/38 11. Pollock 01 00 ½0 00 00 01 ½1 10 01 ½0 XX 01 ½1 ½1 01 11 00 00 11 11 17½/38 12. Bird ½½ 00 00 00 00 ½1 01 11 00 01 10 XX ½0 11 ½1 11 00 10 ½0 11 17/38 13. Taubenhaus ½0 ½0 10 00 10 ½0 10 00 1½ 01 ½0 ½1 XX 01 00 0½ ½1 10 11 11 17/38 14. Baird, D 01 00 00 00 11 00 10 11 01 01 ½0 00 10 XX 10 00 01 11 10 ½1 16/38 15. Burille 00 01 10 00 00 00 ½0 ½0 10 00 10 ½0 11 01 XX ½1 1½ 00 ½1 11 15/38 16. Hanham 00 00 00 01 10 00 0½ ½1 00 ½1 00 00 1½ 11 ½0 XX 10 01 0½ 11 14/38 17. Gossip ½0 00 00 00 00 01 ½0 01 01 10 11 11 ½0 10 0½ 01 XX 00 1½ 00 13½/38 18. Martinez 00 00 00 ½0 00 00 ½½ ½0 00 ½0 11 01 01 00 11 10 11 XX 01 01 13½/38 19. Baird, J 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ½1 00 01 ½0 1½ 0½ 10 XX 10 7/38 20. MacLeod 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 10 00 00 00 00 ½0 00 00 11 10 01 XX 6½/38]table First Place Playoff table[ 1 2 3 4 01. Weiss ½ ½ ½ ½ 2/4 02. Chigorin ½ ½ ½ ½ 2/4]table The historical material used in this introduction is edited from the work of Jan van Reek and others, and is used in acknowledgment. 429 games, 1889 New York 1948/49 In the winter of 1948, when it came to the attention of the Manhattan Chess Club that four top chess masters would be spending December in New York, a tournament was put together on short notice. The four masters in question were former world champion Max Euwe, American chess master Reuben Fine, challenger of the world crown Miguel Najdorf, and Swedish champion Gideon Ståhlberg. Manhattan Chess Club vice-president Sidney F. Kenton raised $5800 in prize money to lure the players, as well as organizing the event. Ståhlberg was not staying in New York long enough to participate, so he declined. His invitation went next to Samuel Reshevsky, who also declined. Argentinian chess master Herman Pilnik found out about the tournament from Najdorf and offered to fill the empty seat if he were extended an invitation. It was granted and the remaining seats went to American players: Arthur Bisguier, Arnold Denker, Israel Horowitz, Isaac Kashdan, George Kramer, and Herman Steiner. Each player received $250 for attending. The tournament was played from December 23rd, 1948 to January 2nd, 1949, allowing only two rest days, neither of which were holidays. The time control for the event was 40 moves in two hours followed by 20 moves every hour afterwards. Fine won first prize of $1000 for his amazing 8/9 finish. He overcame the tournament leader Najdorf in their round seven game by defeating him, thus leaving Najdorf with the eventual second place prize of $750. Pilnik and Euwe split the combined third and fourth place prize of $750. Although he had declined to participate in the world championship tournament earlier in the year, and would retire from chess in a few more years, Fine displayed in this tournament that he was still one of the world's very best players, and one the best talents America had ever produced. The final standings and crosstable: 1st Fine 8/9 * 1 1 ½ 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 2nd Najdorf 6½/9 0 * ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 1 1 =3rd Euwe 5/9 0 ½ * ½ ½ 1 1 ½ ½ ½ =3rd Pilnik 5/9 ½ 0 ½ * ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ =5th Horowitz 4½/9 0 ½ ½ ½ * ½ ½ 0 1 1 =5th Kramer 4½/9 0 0 0 0 ½ * 1 1 1 1 =7th Bisguier 4/9 ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ 0 * ½ ½ 1 =7th Kashdan 4/9 0 0 ½ 0 1 0 ½ * 1 1 9th Denker 2/9 0 0 ½ ½ 0 0 ½ 0 * ½ 10th Steiner 1½/9 0 0 ½ ½ 0 0 0 0 ½ * *This collection would not have been possible without the efforts of this website: http://www.rookhouse.com/events/ny1... 45 games, 1948-1949 Niksic 1978 In June of 1978, the city of Niksic, Yugoslavia hosted an international grandmaster tournament. Twelve participants competed in the category XIII round robin tournament, including (in order of ELO): Lajos Portisch (2630), Vlastimil Hort (2620), Ljubomir Ljubojevic (2605), Zoltan Ribli (2585), Jan Timman (2585), Wolfgang Uhlmann (2575), Svetozar Gligoric (2565), Boris Gulko (2565), Rafael Vaganian (2555), Ulf Andersson (2545), Dragoljub Velimirovic (2520), and Bozidar Ivanovic (2460). The score of one game, a draw between Gligoric and Ribli in the final round, has not survived and cannot be included here in this collection. Gulko and Timman tied for first place, each with five wins a piece. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 1 Gulko 8/11 * ½ ½ 1 1 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ 2 Timman 8/11 ½ * 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 1 3 Vaganian 6.5/11 ½ 0 * ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 1 4 Hort 6/11 0 ½ ½ * 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 1 5 Portisch 6/11 0 0 ½ 1 * ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 1 6 Uhlmann 5.5/11 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ * 1 ½ 0 1 0 1 7 Ribli 5.5/11 ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ 0 * ½ ½ 1 1 ½ 8 Gligoric 5.5/11 0 ½ 0 0 ½ ½ ½ * 1 1 ½ 1 9 Andersson 5/11 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ 0 * ½ ½ 0 10 Ljubojevic 4.5/11 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 0 0 ½ * 1 1 11 Velimirovic 3.5/11 ½ 0 0 0 0 1 0 ½ ½ 0 * 1 12 Ivanovic 2/11 ½ 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 1 0 0 * 65 games, 1978 Niksic 1983 Five years after the strong international chess tournament held in Niksic, Montenegro in what was then known as Yugoslavia in 1978, another international event was organized by the city that was even stronger than the first. Fifteen of the world's best grandmasters attended the round robin tournament held in August of 1983. The participants were (in order of ELO): Garry Kasparov (2690), Ljubomir Ljubojevic (2645), Ulf Andersson (2640), Mikhail Tal (2620), Yasser Seirawan (2605), Boris Spassky (2605), Jan Timman (2605), Lajos Portisch (2600), Anthony Miles (2585), Tigran Petrosian (2580), Gyula Sax (2570), Bent Larsen (2565), Predrag Nikolic (2540), Bozidar Ivanovic (2515), and Svetozar Gligoric (2505). The combined ratings of the players qualified the tournament as a category XIV event. Kasparov, who was on a winning streak following his shared first at the USSR Championship in 1981 and first at the Moscow Interzonal in 1982, had defeated Alexander Beliavsky in the candidates quarter-final match in April of '83. He was the only candidate to participate in the event, and the momentum from his tournament and WC cycle victories propelled him to one of his best ever tournament performances here. He finished the tournament with an astounding 11 points out of 14 games, with former world champion candidate Larsen trailing him as clear second by two whole points. Kasparov would finish the year by defeating Viktor Korchnoi in the candidate semi-finals and go on to challenge the world champion Anatoli Karpov in 1984. table[ Perf 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 Points 01 Kasparov +129 * 1 0 1 = = = 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 1 11.0/14 02 Larsen +134 0 * = = 0 1 = 1 1 = 1 = = 1 1 9.0/14 03 Spassky +37 1 = * = = = = = 0 = = = 1 = 1 8.0/14 55.75 04 Portisch +43 0 = = * = = = = 0 = = 1 1 1 1 8.0/14 50.25 05 Miles +32 = 1 = = * 0 0 = = 1 = = = 1 = 7.5/14 51.75 06 Andersson -26 = 0 = = 1 * = = = = 0 1 1 = = 7.5/14 50.75 07 Tal -31 = = = = 1 = * = 0 = = = = = = 7.0/14 49.50 08 Timman -15 0 0 = = = = = * = 1 1 = = = = 7.0/14 45.25 09 Seirawan -40 0 0 1 1 = = 1 = * 0 = = 0 0 1 6.5/14 44.50 10 Ljubojevic -82 0 = = = 0 = = 0 1 * = 0 = 1 1 6.5/14 41.50 11 Gligoric +40 0 0 = = = 1 = 0 = = * = = = = 6.0/14 39.75 12 Petrosian -40 0 = = 0 = 0 = = = 1 = * = = = 6.0/14 39.50 13 Nikolic -24 0 = 0 0 = 0 = = 1 = = = * = = 5.5/14 14 Sax -83 = 0 = 0 0 = = = 1 0 = = = * 0 5.0/14 15 Ivanovic -53 0 0 0 0 = = = = 0 0 = = = 1 * 4.5/14]table [crosstable adapted with acknowledgment to http://www.vistula.linuxpl.eu/f/kas... 105 games, 1983 Noordwijk 1965 A combination of eight grandmasters and masters came together to compete in the annual Noteboom Memorial held in Noordwijk, The Netherlands from February 21st to the 28th, 1965. Among the notable participants were former world champion Mikhail Botvinnik, Danish sensation Bent Larsen, and Soviet grandmaster of a bygone era Salomon Flohr. Jan Hein Donner led the Dutch contingent of players that included Jacob Kort and Carl Van den Berg. Bulgarian grandmaster Milko Bobotsov and Yugoslav grandmaster Petar Trifunovic rounded out the roster of participants. Botvinnik was only two years out from under his world championship crown but had stayed frosty in his level of play, and he displayed as much in his pure dominance of this small but talented field of players. He finished with a commanding +5 out of seven rounds with Trifunovic a distant second place behind him. table[ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pts. 1st Botvinnik * 1 ½ 1 1 ½ 1 1 6.0 2nd Trifunovic 0 * ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 4.5 3rd Flohr ½ ½ * 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 4.0 =4th Larsen 0 0 0 * 1 1 ½ 1 3.5 =4th Van den Berg 0 ½ ½ 0 * ½ 1 1 3.5 =6th Bobotsov ½ 0 ½ 0 ½ * ½ 1 3.0 =6th Donner 0 ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ * 1 3.0 8th Kort 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 0 * 0.5 ]table 28 games, 1965 Novgorod 1994 The Novgorod Chess Tournament held in 1994 was a category XIX event. Six of the world's best players, including the World Champion, competed in a double round robin format. The participants were (in order of ELO): Garry Kasparov (2810), Alexey Shirov (2740), Vladimir Kramnik (2725), Vassily Ivanchuk (2695), Evgeny Bareev (2675), and Nigel Short (2655). Ivanchuk tied the World Champion, Kasparov, for first with 7/10, with both going undefeated. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 1 Ivanchuk 7/10 ** ½½ 1½ 1½ ½½ 11 2 Kasparov 7/10 ½½ ** 1½ 1½ 1½ ½1 3 Kramnik 5/10 0½ 0½ ** ½1 1½ 10 4 Shirov 4/10 0½ 0½ ½0 ** ½½ 1½ 5 Short 4/10 ½½ 0½ 0½ ½½ ** ½½ 6 Bareev 3/10 00 ½0 01 0½ ½½ ** 30 games, 1994 Novgorod 1995 The second international tournament to be organized by the PCA in Novgorod, Russia was part of a three tournament series titled the "Super Classic." It was held from May 26th to June 9th, 1995, just a month after the first installment of the "Super Classic" in Riga, Latvia. The top ten rated grandmasters from the PCA participated in all three events. Here, the tournament was a category XVIII round robin event, with nine of the ten original participants from Riga in attendance. The participants, including the world champion, were (in order ELO): Garry Kasparov (2805), Vladimir Kramnik (2715), Vassily Ivanchuk (2700), Artur Yusupov (2660), Nigel Short (2655), Rafael Vaganian (2640), Jan Timman (2635), Veselin Topalov (2630), Jaan Ehlvest (2615), and Boris Gulko (2595). Vishwanathan Anand, who had been the tenth participant at Riga was replaced by Topalov. Rounds were played on consecutive days from May 27th to June 4th with only one rest day on June 1st. The prize fund for the tournament (as it was for each of the three installments of the "Super Classic") was $122,000. The prize money was divided up accordingly: 1st=$30,000; 2nd=$20,000; 3rd=$15,000; 4th=$12,000; 5th=$10,000; 6th=$9,000; 7th=$8,000; 8th=$7,000; 9th=$6,000; and 10th=$5,000. In the case of ties, the prize money from the tied places were combined and divided evenly among the players. There was also a grand prize of $150,000 to be distributed among the players at the end of the "Super Classic" series to be held in Horgen at the end of the year. Each player's results would be summed up from the three tournaments and a final standings would determine the distribution of the grand prize. Kasparov went a long way to securing his top place at the end of the year with his second consecutive "Super Classic" win here, going undefeated with 6.5/9 at the final. While Anand prepared for his PCA world championship match against Kasparov later in the year, his replacement distinguished himself by tying for second along with Short, Ivanchuk, and Ehlvest. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 01 Kasparov 6.5/9 * 1 = = = = = 1 1 1 02 Topalov 5.5/9 0 * = 1 = = = = 1 1 03 Short 5.5/9 = = * 0 = 1 = 1 1 = 04 Ivanchuk 5.5/9 = 0 1 * = = = = 1 1 05 Ehlvest 5.5/9 = = = = * 1 = = = 1 06 Kramnik 5/9 = = 0 = 0 * 1 1 = 1 07 Timman 4/9 = = = = = 0 * = = = 08 Gulko 3/9 0 = 0 = = 0 = * = = 09 Yusupov 2.5/9 0 0 0 0 = = = = * = 10 Vaganian 2/9 0 0 = 0 0 0 = = = * 45 games, 1995 Novgorod 1996 For the previous two years an international tournament had been organized in Novgorod, Russia by a cooperation of the PCA and the Beresta Palace Hotel. In 1996, the hotel was forced to seek funding from other sponsors, and as a result had reduced the size and format to what it had been in 1994. Most of the original Novgorod participants from previous events agreed to participate. Vladimir Kramnik (2765), ranked 3rd in the world at the time, participated on behalf of Russia. He had been the number one ranked player at the end of 1995, and though his rating dipped leading up to this event he was considered the heavy favorite to win it. Veselin Topalov (2750), ranked 4th in the world at the time, participated on behalf of Bulgaria. 1996 proved to be a stellar year for Topalov and he was in fine form coming into this tournament. Vassily Ivanchuk (2730), ranked 7th in the world at the time, participated on behalf of Ukraine. He had won Novgorod in 1994 and tied for second with Topalov and Short in 1995, so it was expected he would do well again. Nigel Short (2695), ranked 8th in the world at the time, participated on behalf of England. He had tied for second with Topalov and Ivanchuk in last year's Novgorod event, but at 31 years of age he was the "old man" playing in this event. Boris Gelfand (2655), ranked 16th at the time, participated on behalf of Russia. Judit Polgar (2655), ranked 18th at the time, participated on behalf of Hungary. She started the tournament as the youngest player to compete, at 19 years old, and celebrated her 20th birthday during this event (her fourth round loss to Kramnik). Together, the combined ratings of the six grandmasters made this year's edition of Novgorod a category XIX event, the first of its kind. Dubbed "Lord Novgorod, the Great" the tournament ran from July 19th to July 31st. True to his form, Topalov made 1996 his first big year, adding this tournament victory to his string of successes. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 1 Topalov 6/10 ** ½0 ½½ ½½ ½1 11 2 Ivanchuk 5.5/10 ½1 ** ½½ ½½ 10 01 3 Short 5/10 ½½ ½½ ** ½1 ½½ ½0 4 Gelfand 4.5/10 ½½ ½½ ½0 ** ½1 ½0 5 Kramnik 4.5/10 ½0 01 ½½ ½0 ** 1½ 6 Polgar 4.5/10 00 10 ½1 ½1 0½ ** 30 games, 1996 Novgorod 1997 The fourth and final of a series of international tournaments held in Novgorod, Russia was conducted from June 10th to the 23rd, 1997. Six top grandmasters participated in the double round robin event, including the world champion. The participants were (in order of ELO): Garry Kasparov (2795), Vladimir Kramnik (2740), Veselin Topalov (2725), Boris Gelfand (2700), Nigel Short (2690), and Evgeny Bareev (2665). The combined ratings of the players made this event the second consecutive tournament at Novgorod to be rated a category XIX event. Kasparov had won back in 1995, and shared first with Ivanchuk in 1994, so it's appropriate that the final edition of "Lord Novgorod the Great," as the tournament was dubbed, would be won by the mighty Gazza. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 1 Kasparov 6.5/10 ** 0½ 1½ 1½ ½½ 11 2 Kramnik 6/10 1½ ** 10 ½½ 1½ ½½ 3 Short 5/10 0½ 01 ** 0½ 01 11 4 Bareev 4.5/10 0½ ½½ 1½ ** 0½ ½½ 5 Topalov 4/10 ½½ 0½ 10 1½ ** 00 6 Gelfand 4/10 00 ½½ 00 ½½ 11 ** 30 games, 1997 Nuremberg 1883 The third meeting of the Deutschen Schachkongresse took place in Nuremberg in 1883. It was the third master's tournament (Deutschen Schachbund) organized in the two years since Joseph Henry Blackburne last won it in Berlin in 1881. As in the previous two editions, the round robin tournament was an international event, pitting German masters against the best of Europe at the time. Germany was represented by its usual field of strong masters, including Louis and Wilfred Paulsen, Max Lange, and the winner of the 1881 hauptturnier in Berlin, Curt Von Bardeleben. England was represented by the previous Schachkongresse winner Blackburne, James Mason, and Henry Edward Bird. Isidor Gunsberg and Max Weiss represented the Austrio-Hungarian empire, and Simon Winawer had journeyed from Poland. After the international tournaments in Vienna in 1882 and in London this same year, the Deutschen Schachbund was no longer the sole strongest tournament in which to participate. However, the contests that ensued were hard fought and showcased the brilliance of the best players at the time. Winawer, who had shared first in Vienna with the great Wilhelm Steinitz the previous year finished sole first here with a crushing score of fourteen points out of eighteen games. Blackburne almost duplicated his finish from Berlin two years earlier, even going so far as defeating tournament winner Winawer in their head-to-head game, but his greater number of draws was only good enough for second place half a point behind. Blackburne's countryman Mason took third, and the final places were filled out by German masters Johann Berger and newly titled master Bardeleben. The Hauptturnier that ran concurrently with the Schachbund during this third congress saw young Siegbert Tarrasch win his master title and the opportunity to play in the next edition of the Schachkongresse. Of note, Lange forfeited his five final games. There were also two forfeits in the last round: Wilfred forfeited his game against his brother Louis, and Max Bier forfeited his game against Mason. These games have been omitted from this collection. Finally, this was a last hurrah for Winawer. He had been one of the world's strongest chess masters for the past 15 years, but his poor showing at London earlier in the year convinced him to retire. It was only by being ambushed by tournament organizers in Nuremberg (he had traveled there to see a dentist) that he was convinced into participating, making this his last great international chess tournament victory. The final standings and crosstable: 1st Winawer 14/18 * 0 1 1 1 1 ½ 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 ½ 2nd Blackburne 13½/18 1 * 0 ½ ½ 1 1 0 1 1 1 ½ ½ 1 1 1 1 1 ½ 3rd Mason 12/18 0 1 * ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 1 1 ½ 0 1 1 1 4th Berger 11½/18 0 ½ ½ * 0 ½ ½ 1 1 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 1 1 5th Von Bardeleben 11/18 0 ½ ½ 1 * 0 ½ 0 1 ½ 0 ½ ½ 1 1 1 1 1 1 =6th Bird 10½/18 0 0 0 ½ 1 * 1 0 ½ 1 1 0 1 1 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ =6th Riemann 10½/18 ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ 0 * 1 0 ½ 0 ½ 1 1 1 1 1 ½ 1 8th Schallopp 10/18 0 1 ½ 0 1 1 0 * 0 1 1 0 1 ½ 0 0 1 1 1 9th Schwarz 9½/18 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 1 1 * ½ ½ ½ 1 0 ½ 1 ½ 1 1 =10th Weiss 9/18 1 0 ½ 0 ½ 0 ½ 0 ½ * ½ 1 0 ½ ½ 1 1 1 ½ =10th Hruby 9/18 0 0 ½ ½ 1 0 1 0 ½ ½ * ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 1 0 1 12th Schottlaender 8½/18 0 ½ 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ 0 ½ * ½ 0 0 1 1 ½ ½ =13th Paulsen, L 8/18 0 ½ 0 ½ ½ 0 0 0 0 1 ½ ½ * 1 1 ½ 1 1 0 =13th Bier 8/18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 0 * 1 ½ 1 1 1 15th Paulsen, W 6½/18 0 0 ½ ½ 0 0 0 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 0 0 * 0 0 1 1 16th Fritz 5½/18 0 0 1 ½ 0 ½ 0 1 0 0 0 0 ½ ½ 1 * 0 0 ½ =17th Gunsberg 5/18 1 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 * 0 1 =17th Lange 5/18 0 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 1 ½ 0 0 0 1 1 * 1 19th Leffmann 4/18 ½ ½ 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 ½ 0 ½ 1 0 0 ½ 0 0 * 164 games, 1883 Ostend 1905 The first in a planned series of three international chess master tournaments held in the coastal town of Ostend, Belgium was conducted at the local casino from June 12th to July 18th, 1905. Fourteen chess masters were invited to participate in the double round robin event, including major participants and earlier winners of the Monte Carlo tournament series of the previous four years. The best of these players included David Janowski, Geza Maróczy, Siegbert Tarrasch, and Carl Schlechter. As he did in Monte Carlo in 1901 and 1904, Maróczy was clear first with an impressive 19½/26, a full point and a half over shared second place Janowski and Tarrasch. Schlechter placed fourth and Georg Marco and Richard Teichmann shared fifth place (incidentally making this another tournament to contribute to Teichmann's nickname of "Richard the Fifth"). Maróczy's win here along with previous international victories made him a serious contender for a world championship match with Emanuel Lasker, but problems organizing the match in Cuba caused the arrangements to fall through, and Maróczy soon after retired from chess for a over a decade. The final standings and crosstable: 1st Maróczy 19½/26 ** 10 01 ½½ ½0 1½ ½½ 11 11 11 11 11 ½1 11 =2nd Janowski 18/26 01 ** 10 01 01 ½0 11 11 ½1 1½ 1½ 11 1½ ½1 =2nd Tarrasch 18/26 10 01 ** ½½ 1½ 01 11 01 ½1 1½ 1½ ½1 1½ 11 4th Schlechter 15½/26 ½½ 10 ½½ ** ½½ ½½ ½½ ½1 ½½ ½1 ½1 ½0 1½ ½½ =5th Marco 14/26 ½1 10 0½ ½½ ** ½½ ½0 1½ ½0 ½1 ½1 ½½ 01 ½1 =5th Teichmann 14/26 0½ ½1 10 ½½ ½½ ** ½0 01 ½1 10 0½ ½½ 11 1½ =7th Burn 12½/26 ½½ 00 00 ½½ ½1 ½1 ** 10 0½ 01 0½ ½1 11 ½½ =7th Leonhardt 12½/26 00 00 10 ½0 0½ 10 01 ** 10 01 11 10 11 ½1 =7th Marshall 12½/26 00 ½0 ½0 ½½ ½1 ½0 1½ 01 ** ½½ 10 00 11 11 10th Wolf 12/26 00 0½ 0½ ½0 ½0 01 10 10 ½½ ** ½½ ½1 11 1½ 11th Alapin 11½/26 00 0½ 0½ ½0 ½0 1½ 1½ 00 01 ½½ ** ½½ 1½ 11 12th Blackburne 10½/26 00 00 ½0 ½1 ½½ ½½ ½0 01 11 ½0 ½½ ** 0½ 10 13th Chigorin 6½/26 ½0 0½ 0½ 0½ 10 00 00 00 00 00 0½ 1½ ** 1½ 14th Taubenhaus 5/26 00 ½0 00 00 ½0 0½ ½½ ½0 00 0½ 00 01 0½ ** 182 games, 1905 Paris 1867 Paris, the French capital, was host to a world's fair exhibition in the summer of 1867. Among the enormous buildings erected to house new developments in science, technology (of which the Krupp Canon was the most impressive display), and art, a master chess tournament was organized from June 4th to July 11th. It was held at the Grand Cercle, 10 boulevard Montmartre, not far from the 1.2 kilometer row of machinery for the exhibition. Thirteen chess masters were invited to participate in double rounds, with a time limit of six minutes per move and draws counting as zero for both players. The participants included Ignatz von Kolisch from the Austrio-Hungarian empire, Wilhelm Steinitz and Sam Loyd playing on behalf of the United States of America, Symon Winawer and Hieronim Czarnowski from Poland, Gustav Neumann from Germany, Cecil Valentine De Vere from England, Jules De Riviere, Samuel Rosenthal, Emile D'Andre, and Eugene Rousseau from France, Celso Golmayo Zupide from Cuba, and Martin Severin From from Denmark. There was no formal organization to international events at the time, so beyond the matches and time controls being set, players seemingly encountered one another during the tournament according to availability and inclination. The games in this collection have been organized according to the dates attached. Twenty games whether decided by forfeit or missing in record have been ommitted from this collection as they are absent from the database. The prize purse was distributed among the top six finishers, with Kolisch earning 5000 Francs for first place, Winawer 2500 Francs for second, Steinitz 2000 Francs for third, Neumann and De Vere 1500 Francs each for fourth and fifth places, and De Riviere 1000 Francs for sixth. The top four finishers also received a Sèvres vase as an additional prize. Kolisch immediately liquidated his antique porcelain and invested in real estate which soon made him an extremely wealthy man, allowing him to be a generous patron to chess for decades afterwards. The final standings and crosstable: (r=draw, which counts for 0) 1st Kolisch 20/24 ** 01 r1 01 11 11 11 11 r1 11 11 11 11 2nd Winawer 19/24 10 ** 01 01 11 11 11 11 r1 11 11 11 10 3rd Steinitz 18/24 r0 10 ** r0 11 11 r1 11 11 11 11 11 11 4th Neumann 17/24 10 10 r1 ** r1 11 1r 11 0r 11 11 11 11 5th De Vere 14/24 00 00 00 r0 ** 01 11 11 01 11 11 11 11 6th De Riviere 11/24 00 00 00 00 10 ** 11 10 11 11 1r 00 11 8th Czarnowski 9/24 00 00 r0 0r 00 00 ** 10 11 11 01 10 11 7th Golmayo Zupide 10/24 00 00 00 00 00 01 01 ** 11 00 11 11 11 =9th Rosenthal 6/24 r0 r0 00 1r 10 00 00 00 ** 0r 00 11 11 =9th Loyd 6/24 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 11 1r ** 11 00 10 =9th D’Andre 6/24 00 00 00 00 00 0r 10 00 11 00 ** 11 10 =12th From 5/24 00 00 00 00 00 11 01 00 00 11 00 ** 00 =12th Rousseau 5/24 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 01 11 ** 136 games, 1867 Paris 1878 In the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian war, a World's Fair was held in the city of Paris to demonstrate France's revival. Among the novelties experienced during the exhibition were cold drinks, a giant steam hammer that stood out front of the exhibition hall, and the introduction of electricity to make Paris a city of lights for the first time. Also by way of exhibition was the first intercontinental European chess tournament, organized with twelve chess masters in attendance. Following a tradition of holding master chess tournaments during world's fairs, the participants at this event gathered in the exhibition hall to battle in "match rounds" where opponents met one another with both colors in a single round. Each round was broken up over consecutive two-day periods. Players included winners of past world's fair tournaments, such as Adolf Anderssen and James Mason, as well as past participants and prize winners such as Simon Winawer, Joseph Henry Blackburne, Samuel Rosenthal, and Henry Edward Bird. Games were played from June 17th until July 31st. Each round began at noon and continued until 4pm, at which point a player could request a one hour intermission. The same opportunity was provided at 9pm, and games that continued past 10pm could be postponed until the following day. After the eleven rounds of matches were completed, playoffs were organized to determine prize disbursement among first and second, and fourth and fifth places. Zukertort and Winawer drew their first playoff match, so a second was arranged, which Zukertort won convincingly, 2-0. Mackenzie also trounced Bird in their playoff match 2-0. Though he was present for the tournament, Wilhelm Steinitz did not participate. Instead he reported on the games for The Field. Zukertort's prize for victory was 1000 Francs and two Sèvres vases, a traditional gift awarded back in Paris 1867. Winawer also received a vase and 500 Francs for second. At sixth place, the once dominant Anderssen still managed to win a prize, 200 Francs, but his poor health and advanced age prevented him from competing as he once had. He died the following year. In addition to the prize money Zukertort's vases were estimated at 5800 Francs, however his dire need for cash at the time forced him to search Paris for three days to find a buyer, eventually selling them for much less than their estimated worth. An important note is that several games no longer exist as complete scores and therefore cannot be included in this collection. However, a majority of the games as well as the final standings remain to trace the players' struggles and victories in this penultimate world's fair tournament. The final standings and crosstable: =1st Winawer 16½/22 ** 10 ½½ 0½ 11 ½1 01 11 ½1 11 11 11 =1st Zukertort 16½/22 01 ** 10 ½0 11 1½ ½½ 11 11 ½1 11 11 3rd Blackburne 14½/22 ½½ 01 ** 01 10 00 1½ 1½ 11 1½ 11 11 =4th Mackenzie 13/22 1½ ½1 10 ** 01 00 01 ½0 01 11 11 1½ =4th Bird 13/22 00 00 01 10 ** 11 10 10 01 11 11 11 6th Anderssen 12½/22 ½0 0½ 11 11 00 ** 10 0½ 11 10 10 11 =7th Englisch 11½/22 10 ½½ 0½ 10 01 01 ** ½½ 01 ½½ 11 10 =7th Rosenthal 11½/22 00 00 0½ ½1 01 1½ ½½ ** 01 10 11 11 =9th Clerc 8½/22 ½0 00 00 10 10 00 10 10 ** 01 10 11 =9th Mason 8½/22 00 ½0 0½ 00 00 01 ½½ 01 10 ** 11 1½ 11th Gifford 3½/22 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 01 00 ** 1½ 12th Pitschel 2½/22 00 00 00 0½ 00 00 01 00 00 0½ 0½ ** First place playoff match: 1st Zukertort 3/4 ½ ½ 1 1 2nd Winawer 1/4 ½ ½ 0 0 Fourth place playoff match: 4th Mackenzie 2/2 1 1 5th Bird 0/2 0 0 *Special thanks goes to <sneaky pete> who helped complete and improve the overall accuracy of this collection. 119 games, 1878 Paris 1900 As early as 1851, master chess tournaments had been organized to be played during World's Fairs and Exhibitions. The cities that hosted many of these tournaments that later become famous for their strength and importance included London in 1851 and 1862, Vienna in 1873, and Philadelphia in 1876, but it was Paris that hosted the most, with three tournaments during three Exhibitions, in 1867, 1878, and finally in 1900. This last Exhibition proved to be the final time that an international chess tournament would be organized, after two World Fairs had already been held without chess tournaments, in Paris in 1889 and in Chicago in 1893. The tournament of Paris in 1900 was held from May 17th until June 20th in the Grand Cercle. A significant portion of Paris was used for the World's Fair as the first Metro line was connected to the exhibition area. Among the participants to the tournament were the World Champion Emanuel Lasker, winner of Hastings 1895 Harry Nelson Pillsbury, and James Mason who won the World's Fair tournament in Philadelphia twenty-four years earlier. This tournament also marked the international debut of the American chess master Frank James Marshall. The time control for the tournament was 30 moves in two hours, followed by 15 moves in one hour. Every draw had to be replayed once with the chess masters switching colors and the result of the replayed game standing as the final score of the encounter, win, lose, or draw. Two consultation games were also played as a special event of the tournament. One game decided by forfeit, Miklos Brody's first round loss to Amos Burn, is not included in this collection. Lasker triumphed in one of his greatest tournament victories, drawing quickly against Mikhail Chigorin in the final round to secure first place and losing only one game to the twenty-four year old Marshall. Marshall enjoyed great success at Paris with a shared third with Geza Maróczy behind second place Pillsbury, and he would go on to challenge Lasker for the world title seven years later. Lasker collected 5000 Francs for his win, and the following seven places earned cash prizes as well, though Carl Schlechter was denied one since he scored less wins than either Georg Marco and Jacques Mieses. The top four places also received Sèvres vases, which was a tradition from prize ceremonies during Paris 1867 and 1878, a tradition which sadly ended with this, the last of the World's Fair tournaments. The final standings and crosstable: 1st Lasker 14½/16 * 1 0 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2nd Pillsbury 12½/16 0 * 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 =3rd Marshall 12/16 1 1 * 0 1 ½ ½ 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 =3rd Maróczy 12/16 0 0 1 * 0 ½ ½ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5th Burn 11/16 0 1 0 1 * 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6th Chigorin 10½/16 ½ 0 ½ ½ 1 * 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 =7th Schlechter 10/16 0 0 ½ ½ 0 1 * 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 =7th Marco 10/16 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 * 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 =7th Mieses 10/16 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 * 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 =10th Showalter 9/16 0 ½ 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 * 0 ½ 1 1 1 1 1 =10th Janowski 9/16 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 * 1 1 1 1 1 1 12th Mason 4½/16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 * 1 0 1 1 1 13th Brody 4/16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 1 1 1 1 14th Rosen 3/16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 * 0 1 1 15th Mortimer 2/16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 * 0 1 =16th Sterling 1/16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 * 0 =16th Didier 1/16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 * 164 games, 1900 Paris 1925 Five chess masters were invited to compete in a double round robin tournament at the city of Paris, France in 1925. The participants were Alexander Alekhine, Savielly Tartakower, Karel Opocensky, Eugene Znosko-Borovsky, and Edgar Colle. The competition proved to be yet another win for Alekhine, which was practically an exhibition for him as he finished undefeated and scored wins against each player except for Dr. Tartakower. The final standings and crosstable: 1st Alekhine 6½/8 ** ½½ 11 ½1 11 2nd Tartakower 4½/8 ½½ ** ½1 01 ½½ =3rd Opocensky 4/8 00 ½0 ** 1½ 11 =3rd Znosko-Borovsky 4/8 ½0 10 0½ ** 11 5th Colle 1/8 00 ½½ 00 00 ** 20 games, 1925 Parnu 1937 The city of Parnu, Estonia held its first ever international tournament from August 16th to the 25th in 1937. Masters and national champions from Europe were invited to compete against Estonia's native sons that included Paul Keres, Paul Felix Schmidt, and Ilmar Raud. Among the attendees were Czechoslovakian masters Salomon Flohr and Karel Opocensky, Swedish champion Gideon Ståhlberg, and Dr. Savielly Tartakower. Schmidt all but ran away with the tournament, being felled only by Ståhlberg, but clearly establishing the strength of Estonia and her chess masters as a future international figure in world chess. The final standings and crosstable: 1st Schmidt 5.5/7 * 0 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 =2nd Ståhlberg 4.5/7 1 * ½ ½ 1 0 ½ 1 =2nd Keres 4.5/7 0 ½ * ½ ½ 1 1 1 =2nd Flohr 4.5/7 0 ½ ½ * ½ 1 1 1 5th Tartakower 4/7 ½ 0 ½ ½ * ½ 1 1 6th Opocensky 3.5/7 0 1 0 0 ½ * 1 1 7th Raud 1.5/7 0 ½ 0 0 0 0 * 1 8th Villard 0/7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 * 27 games, 1937 Parnu 1996 Parnu, Estonia hosted a Paul Keres Memorial chess tournament from February 2nd to the 13th, 1996. Six grandmasters played double rounds in the category XVII A group. Especially delightful about this event were the high number of Keres inspired defenses and variations among the games played. Short was top dog. table[ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pts. 1 Short 2665 ** =1 =1 10 1= == 6.5 2 Khalifman 2650 =0 ** == 1= == =1 5.5 3 Ehlvest 2660 =0 == ** =1 == == 5.0 (24.25) 4 Hracek 2650 01 0= =0 ** 01 11 5.0 (23.75) 5 Oll 2640 0= == == 10 ** =0 4.0 (20.75) 6 Sokolov 2665 == =0 == 00 =1 ** 4.0 (20.25) ]table 30 games, 1996

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