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Fischer vs FIDE, 1975
Fischer forfeits.

After defeating Spassky in 1972, Bobby Fischer stopped playing serious chess, turning down several lucrative offers to play in public.

Fischer, circa 1971 In 1974, Fischer's challenger was decided: he was an emerging Russian chess superstar, Anatoly Karpov, who had defeated Korchnoi in the candidate's final to earn him the right to challenge Fischer.

In September, 1973, Fred Cramer, Vice President (Zone 5) of FIDE, proposed that the world championship match be decided on 10 wins, draws not counting. He also proposed that the champion retains his title if it were a 9-9 tie. This became known as the Cramer proposal. Fischer telegrammed FIDE informing them that they should adopt the Cramer proposal.[1]

Opponents of the proposal argued that the unlimited format is impractical, and that the 9-9 rule affords the champion too great of an advantage. Proponents claimed that the proposal would encourage exciting chess (because draws do not count) and that it more accurately determined the better player. Fischer argued the merits of the proposal in a 1974 letter to FIDE:

The first player to win ten games, draws not counting, with unlimited number of games wins the match. If the score is nine wins to nine wins, draws not counting, the champion retains title and the match is declared drawn with the money split equally. Versus the old system of the best of 24 games wins the match (12.5 points) and if 12-12 the match is drawn with the champion retaining the title and prize fund is split equally. Draws do count in this system.

The unlimited match favors the better player. This is the most important point, because in the limited game system the match outcome can turn on a very low number of wins, giving the weaker player a chance to "luck out." Also, in the limited game system the player who takes a game or two lead has an advantage out of all proportion. This creates an added element of chance. The player who wins the match should be the player who plays best over the long run, not the player who jumps off to an early lead.[2]

In June, 1974, the FIDE Congress in Nice approved the 10-win regulation and the elimination of draws from the scoring, but imposed a 36-game limit and rejected the 9-9 proposal. On June 27, 1974, Fischer sent a telegram from Pasadena, California to the FIDE Congress:
As I made clear in my telegram to the FIDE delegates, the match conditions I proposed were non-negotiable ... FIDE has decided against my participation in the 1975 World Chess Championship. I therefore resign my FIDE World Championship title.

In March, 1975, an extraordinary FIDE Congress was held in Bergen, Netherlands, and it was agreed to have an unlimited number of world championship games, but still refused the 9-9 rule (32 votes for it, and 35 votes against it). [3] Fischer, unwilling to budge, refused to defend his title.

In Karpov's memoirs he recounts how he was disappointed to not have a chance to become champion in the traditional manner:

I don't know how Fischer feels about it, but I consider it a huge loss that he and I never played our match. I felt like the child who has been promised a wonderful toy and has it offered to him but then, at the last moment, it's taken away.[4]

On April 3rd, 1975, Karpov was declared the 12th World Champion.

FOOTNOTES

  1. Robert James Fischer, by Bill Wall
    2 Bobby Fischer letter to FIDE, 1974
    3 Robert James Fischer, by Bill Wall
    4 Karpov on Karpov: Memoirs of a Chess World Champion, by Anatoly Karpov, Athenuem Press, 1992.

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Kibitzer's Corner
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Dec-23-23
Premium Chessgames Member
  perfidious: I would estimate that, given Fischer's contempt for 1.d4, it would have never been seen; his preference, as at Reykjavik, would have been for 1.c4 and all its transpositional possibilities, while avoiding a number of Black lines, such as the Nimzoindian.
Dec-26-23  Petrosianic: <Joshka>: <Petrosianic You cannot catch me in a lie cause I do not lie.>

I already caught you in several that you didn't dispute. If you're saying I can't do it <again> that's entirely up to you. I can't if you don't let me.

<You think Fischers conditions for the match were wrong, I disagree, what the heck is wrong with you??>

...But you've just gone and done it again (that didn't take long!). You just lied about what we were talking about. We're not arguing about what I think. (Who cares what I think?) The point at hand is that <Fischer himself admitted that his own conditions were unfair>. Even though this subject has come up many times, you first pretended not to know it, then not to understand it, and now not to remember it.

These are all lies, you just don't think of them that way. It's almost like you really don't know the difference between the truth and a lie, or a fact and an opinion, and feel that <anything> is true as long as you fake enough enthusiasm, and try not to think too hard about what you're saying. Your fantasy life is your own business. You can think Fischer is the 4th member of the Trinity if you like, assuming you don't already, but most people are here for the serious study of chess. Misinformation is subject to correction, and habitual misinformation gets you a reputation for dishonesty, as you've seen.

Dec-26-23  Petrosianic: <Sally Simpson>: <Given that we are page 141 I dare say we are covering old ground.>

A lot of that old ground is Joshka pretending to have forgotten points that he conceded before, hoping to get a different response next time.

<If Fischer's term had been accepted and the match went ahead then the war of attrition, first to 9 wins would have seen Karpov off (see his later matches v Korchnoi and Kasparov) how many months do you think it would have taken Karpov to win 9 games v Fischer in 1975?>

In light of Karpov's stamina problems, I can't see him even making it to the end of such a match. I could maybe see him beat Fischer in a Best of 24 match, but in a 10 wins match, the odds are that Karpov would have been carried out on a stretcher before the end.

<Fischer took time off chess for 20 years came back and played some great games in 1992 so 3 years was nothing.>

Possibly so, but what is clear that Fischer was unable to play chess <to his own satisfaction> after 1975. Make of that what you will, his standards were pretty high. At the time people thought that it was just this one match that he wouldn't play, and that Fischer would "defend his title" outside of FIDE, like Kasparov later did. But the verdict is in on that, and Fischer didn't play <anybody> for 20 years. As you'll recall, the Fischer-Gligoric match was supposedly a done deal, but Fischer walked out at the last minute anyway, despite getting all his conditions. Other matches met similar fates. Obviously Fischer wasn't afraid of losing to Gligoric, so the only other option is that he just didn't want to play chess at all.

Three years is nothing IF Fischer had kept studying all that time, as he did during his previous layoffs. Apparently he didn't. It's hard to blame him for wanting a break after studying chess night and day for 15 years. But chess can be hard to get back into when you put it aside. I think Fischer took a true layoff, genuinely intending for it to be temporary, but then found it impossible to get back to the grind.

Dec-26-23
Premium Chessgames Member
  Sally Simpson: Hi Petrosianic,

< I think Fischer took a true layoff, genuinely intending for it to be temporary, but then found it impossible to get back to the grind.>

There is something in that, I think you are correct. Possibly add in once he had won the title there was only one thing that can eventually happen. Losing it and with no more mountains to climb there was no motivation.

I've no idea about the issue between you and Joska. I enjoy reading both and sometimes if we post as often as the three of do we are bound to contradict ourselves. (I have frequently, some of the best arguments I have had here have been with myself.)

Dec-26-23  Petrosianic: <Sally Simpson>: <I've no idea about the issue between you and Joska.>

It's the same issue: Fischer. Only to him it's a religion. His methodology involves misreading plain English, feigning ignorance of facts he doesn't like, and repeating back things that were never said to maintain a position by crook (rarely hook). Case in point, this current discussion is about Fischer's own admission that his match conditions were unfair. Josh <doesn't disagree with that> mainly because he hasn't acknowledged it at all. He repeats it back as only being what I think or what Ed Edmondson thinks, even though the quote clearly says that Fischer agreed with it.

You've probably seen all the big Fischer myths. FIDE wouldn't "let" Fischer play in 1975. Every other champion was granted their own playing conditions. Fischer never resigned the title. 9-9 was a smaller advantage than what Karpov got, and so on. Joshka will repeat pretty much every Fischer myth you can think of, knowing they aren't true, but feeling that the cause justifies telling them.

In the end this is a chess site. If it were a history site, and someone routinely posted the myth that the Constitution was printed on hemp, knowing it wasn't true, but trying to make a case for marijuana legalization, that person would quickly acquire a reputation for dishonesty.

Dec-26-23
Premium Chessgames Member
  perfidious: The causes of the True Believer are best left in the Rogovian miasma.

<Geoff> has noted that he has 141 pages here; I see far less, doubtless due to having tired of reading about The Cause According to <joshie>.

Dec-26-23
Premium Chessgames Member
  plang: Jeez, I look forward to the time that this issue is settled once and for all (apparently in an alternative universe).
Dec-26-23
Premium Chessgames Member
  HeMateMe: A.I. will clone them and we WILL have a match!

You heard it here first.

Dec-27-23  Petrosianic: <HeMateMe: A.I. will clone them and we WILL have a match!

You heard it here first.>

Not exactly, I heard it in Chess Life first. There was a short story in the early 80's, in which someone created AI versions of Staunton and Morphy, with the idea of getting them to play their match. It didn't work. The AI Staunton dodged Morphy just as much as the real one did. To get around this, the programmer crossed Staunton's personality with William Jennings Bryan. The match was held, Staunton got crushed, but it wasn't over. Staunton/Bryan demanded another match, and got crushed again. Then he kept coming back over and over and over for just one more try.

Dec-27-23  saturn2: <Fischer took time off chess for 20 years came back and played some great games in 1992 so 3 years was nothing>

You are one of the good contributers here but in this you might be wrong underestimating the importance of training compared to talent. So it depends what he did in those 3 years..Fischer knew the importance of training and trained like a fanatic till 1972. Karpov wrote in an article he himself feels unsecure and uncomplete after a pause of some weeks. I remember the opinions before the start of the 1992 match. There werre people assuming Fischer was still the best and could beat anyone. Others more familiar with chess knew this cannot be true among them most probably Fischer and maybe he knew it already for 1975.

Dec-27-23
Premium Chessgames Member
  Sally Simpson: Hi saturn2,

You could be right, after the lay off's Fischer had in the past he came back stronger only this time we are pretty sure he stopped studying (though we know he was looking at Karpov's games.) and would have been over 30 so yes those three years off would have counted against him.

On the other hand, regarding super players, and not being one I am making an assumption. Lay off's did not seem to affect, Steinitz, Lasker and to a certain extent Botvinnik.

I think the main thing against Fischer was he had achieved what he always wanted, no motivation (it's a pity money never motivated him £5 million was the purse) and playing against the latest theory, though he here he would have avoided main lines and not used anything he had in the past like he did v Spassky - no King's Indians.

Against Karpov the question about his stamina is there and was highlighted in 1978 and 1984 and first to nine wins would have been a very long match possibly stopping and starting due to extra Fischer demands and complaints.

But looking for negatives in the players is not the way to go. At the time they were both great players. It would have been a brilliant match but alas...

I'm in good company thinking Fischer would have won in 1975 but fully acknowledge other opinions that Karpov would have won. There are cases for both sides.

Dec-27-23  Petrosianic: <Sally Simpson>

<I'm in good company thinking Fischer would have won in 1975>

I hope that's not true, as if it is, it means Fischer gave up a five million dollar purse for basically no reason. In the end, history records that Karpov was Fischer's successor, which haunts people to this day.

<I think the main thing against Fischer was he had achieved what he always wanted, no motivation>

Kasparov describes that as "calcification", something that hits all world champions to one degree or another when they win the title. It hit Fischer worst of all, he's the only one who couldn't win a single game as champion. (Lasker seems have been hit the least.) That's why Fischer was the greatest ever challenger, but the worst ever champion. Fighting off a hungry challenger is a very different thing than climbing Olympus yourself.

<(it's a pity money never motivated him £5 million was the purse)>

It did motivate him at the end. That's basically why he played the 1992 match. He was tired of living on the street. I don't blame him for cashing in, he should have done it in 1975. Or earlier. The offers he could have signed after 1972 would have left him comfortable for life even without playing in 1975.

Dec-27-23
Premium Chessgames Member
  Sally Simpson: Hi Petrosianic,

In good company I mean in general most players, as in players of my era, think Fischer in 1975 and Karpov in 1978.

Money seemed only to be an issue in 1972. In 1975 he had no idea how his life would turn out. He turned down a pile of money for an unofficial Fischer - Spassky rematch in Las Vegas and another pile by not adding his name to a chess set. After the 1975 debacle the offers all but dried up. A possible unofficial match in v Karpov was on the cards but that too went astray (Maybe we should have a new thread for that one :) )

The 1992 comeback offer was at the time too good to refuse and it was against Spassky. Not Karpov or Kasparov.

As for world champions feeling the burden of the crown, it appears all champions felt it, even Lasker. If you recall he tried to resign the title naming Capablanca as his successor. I think only Alekhine and Botvinnik rejoiced in it going to great lengths to win it back.

Now days, after Carlsen, I don't think we will hear too much about it being an anvil around a players neck. They won't have time what with the two year cycle and I expect the title to change hands every two years till another Carlsen surfaces.

Dec-28-23
Premium Chessgames Member
  Joshka: <Petrosianic> Look here, if Fischer later on in talks with Ed Edmondson stated that the Champions advantage was not correct, how in the hell can anyone dispute that, if that's what was actually said according to Edmondson? If he changed his mind on what he thought was proper in match conditions, so what? I'm saying I do not think his original plans were wrong. Trying to call me a liar is crazy, and you KNOW IT. Again so you can understand, my OPINION is that the original match plans from Fischer were just. if he changed them fine so what, but I believe having the Champions advantage is correct and the right way to go. So stop with your pontificating and crying to all your buddies on here. Again, since you believe I'm a liar, what lie did I tell you??
Dec-28-23
Premium Chessgames Member
  HeMateMe: I think Vishy and Kasparov also enjoyed being world champion, enjoyed the prestige, the extra money, all the perks. Carlsen enjoyed it for awhile, perhaps he didn't like the two year cycle.

I personally feel that three years was just fine. It produced great champions, great candidates cycles. Chess only got downgraded when FIDE started to tinker with the process, starting with the inane two game mini match tournaments to crown a 'world champion.' My ass...

Dec-28-23
Premium Chessgames Member
  Sally Simpson: Hi HeMateMe,

I was thinking of Vishy in my last post. Did he not say something about relieved it was over and had to be talked into taking his rightful seat next candidates by Kramnik.

Of course Kasparov, but I was reading what Petrosinic said;

'Kasparov describes that as "calcification", something that hits all world champions to one degree or another when they win the title. '

I'd not seen that but I trust Petro so I put Kasparov down too as a 'glad it's over' though he too was a great world champion.

Dec-28-23  stone free or die: RE: <Calcified> or <Calcification>

It's a mis-attribution to credit Kasparov as having said it, though he did popularize the notion.

The proper credit should go to K's second - <Yuri Dokhoian>:

<<As my second <Yuri Dokhoian> wittily expressed it, with the years each world champion begins to 'calcify' - in other words, to become inflexible and be transformed into a living monument.>

That is, he gradually ceases to add something new to chess and to grasp the dominating tendency of its development. And sooner or later the inevitable retribution sets in, since the young challenger, on the contrary, usually makes a step forward.> [emphasis added]

https://www.schachversand.de/my-gre...

Jan-02-24  Petrosianic: Joshka: <Petrosianic> Look here, if Fischer later on in talks with Ed Edmondson stated that the Champions advantage was not correct, how in the hell can anyone dispute that, if that's what was actually said according to Edmondson? If he changed his mind on what he thought was proper in match conditions, so what? I'm saying I do not think his original plans were wrong. Trying to call me a liar is crazy, and you KNOW IT. Again so you can understand, my OPINION is that the original match plans from Fischer were just. if he changed them fine so what, but I believe having the Champions advantage is correct and the right way to go. So stop with your pontificating and crying to all your buddies on here.

<Again, since you believe I'm a liar, what lie did I tell you??>

Well, for example, pretending not to know what I said and you responded to several times. (That Fischer admitted to Edmondson that his match conditions were unfair, and furthermore that this was not a <change> in Fischer's position, but a reaffirmation of what Fischer had always said about champion's advantage.) Even though you knew all about it in advance, you claimed you didn't, then when I quoted it for you claimed that the quote said something other than what the plain English said. Then a few days later you had "forgotten" it again.

But that's not the only lie I could cite. How about the fact that you're <still> arguing this after telling me that you didn't care what I thought about you? That wasn't true, was it? And I've often seen you citing My 61 Memorable Games as indisputably Fischer's own work, while withholding any mention of the fact that it was exposed as a hoax or that it was in any doubt. That's a lie of omission.

Hey! Speaking of that, I wanted to ask you something. You seem to believe most Fischer myths, but do you believe that Fischer played online games with Nigel Short about 20 years ago? Considering that Fischer later explicitly denied it, I think there's a good chance that you don't believe this one, but I don't want to assume anything. I'm just asking what you think, there's no right or wrong answer here.

Jan-02-24  Petrosianic: <Sally Simpson> <I'd not seen that but I trust Petro so I put Kasparov down too as a 'glad it's over' though he too was a great world champion.>

He said that in My Great Predecessors, but I'm not sure which volume it was offhand (I don't own a copy, I read it in either a borrowed copy or a library copy.

But Capablanca said something similar. He didn't use the word "calcification", but he drew a contrast between the days when he was young and ambitious, but lacked experience, and the present day when he was loaded with experience, but lacking in ambition. I think that means basically the same thing as what Kasparov said.

Alekhine-Capablanca is maybe the best example of it. I still think Capa was the "better" player, but Alekhine was obviously much more motivated, worked a lot harder, and moved mountains to win the title.

AND Petrosian believed something similar about why Smyslov and Tal lost their rematches... (to be continued).

Jan-02-24  Petrosianic: Petrosian's view on Smyslov and Tal, as told by Vik Vasiliev. I think this is similar to Kasparov's comments about calcification and Capa's comments about experience vs. ambition.

<Tigran had not only been an observer to the tragedy of Smyslov, and the tragedy of Tal, he had also to explain the events as they took place to millions of chess fans. 'The intelligent man learns through the experiences of others'. Before he could explain these two collapses to others, he had first to explain them to himself....

Why was it that Smyslov, tasting the sweetness of a champion's cup, was unable to maintain his throne?

Possibly, a very simple answer could be given to this question: in the third match... everything did not depend on Smyslov; Botvinnik had turned out to be stronger and that was all. Yet there was a further consideration: Smyslov had lost the last match not only at the board, but even before the match had begun...

Many chess-players have been able to surmount the difficulties of defeat, but few can withstand the sweet effects of victory; as it turned out in the third and last match, Smyslov began play, secretly hoping that he would not need to expend a great deal of energy here. In the first games of the match, Botvinnik hammered him in one game after another, and the revenge took place. . . .

Next it was Tal's turn. He literally flew towards the summit, overturning the ordered ranks, hierarchies in his path... Yet the fact that [Botvinnik] decided to utilize his right to a return match indicated that he had analyzed all the games of the first match, and worked out a deep plan of revenge. Both Tal and Smyslov made the same error regarding Botvinnik; they underestimated his recuperative powers, and his ability to learn from his defeats. At the end, 25-year-old Tal, at the zenith of his powers, was beaten by 50-year-old Botvinnik!...

Tigran had before him the sorrowful experiences of his predecessors, but even without it, he would not have made a similar mistake to them. It was not in his nature to underestimate the opponent, rather the opposite. In this he had an appreciable advantage over both Tal and Smyslov.

Tal's victory over Botvinnik in 1960 had been so convincing that both the public at large and the experts believed that Botvinnik would most certainly be beaten in the return match, and many thought that he would waive his right to a return match completely...

However, Tigran only smiled at those who believed in Tal's undoubted victory. ...in actual fact he was convinced that Tal had little chance of success in the return match, basing this opinion on his knowledge of Botvinnik's iron will, and Tal's artistic temperament.>

Jan-02-24
Premium Chessgames Member
  Joshka: < Petrosianic> No, you still do not site any lies or untruths so right there, you are the one who lies. Just give it up and stop acting like a child. Even Korchnoi, Alburt, and other GM's said Fischer had the right to expect Champions advantage in his match with Karpov, and I agree with them, how could you turn that into lies is beyond reason. If Fischer in his talks with Edmondson changed this mind on the conditions so what? Am I suppose to automatically change mind? So try again fool, no lies there. In regards to Fischer's book from 2007,that's what you are still stewing about, now It's all coming back to me, I KNEW there was something that was pissing you off and truth be told!! ;-) No the book is real enough, and IM Larry Day has a copy and he wrote an article about it, confirming it's authentic. Guess you want call him a liar??? Or maybe you need to call the author Edward Winter, who also said he has a copy and wrote abut it on his web site!!! Going to call him a liar?? I also know for a fact at the Chess and Checker portion of the Cleveland Public Library, they also have a copy. They have been known to have one of the largest Fischer collections of any library in the world. Maybe you can put them on the untruthful list you carry around??? Of course these folks all have opinions on it, so really that's all one can say, I think it's legit as well. You claim it's a HOAX??, all right now the ball is in your court, who claimed it was a HOAX and NOT their opinion? Get a life man, and quit always being so negative!!!
Jan-02-24
Premium Chessgames Member
  Joshka: <Petrosianic> Hey Fischer also thought the Holocaust wasn't real during World War 2, wanna call him a liar as well??? He blamed Jewish folks for everything!! oops thats a lie right there again!!LOL
Jan-22-24  saturn2: https://youtu.be/qCOiF6L1pFs?si=h13... Twio years ago Karpov commented on Spasskys opinion that Fischer would have won 1975 saying this is because Spassky was a fan of Fischer. Karpov seems rather convinced of his good winning chances also claiming Fischer-Spassky was rather close (wheras he himself humiliated Spassky- well he only implies that). Also Kasparov is quoted as seeing Karpov as the favorite due to Fischer's lack of practice.
Jan-29-24  RookFile: Reminds me of the boxer's comment that everybody has a plan until they get punched in the face. We'll never know, but it would have been something if Karpov put all that work into the Ruy Lopez and then Fischer opened 1. d4 on him.
Apr-03-25  Chessdreamer: Exactly today 50 years ago, Karpov was declared the 12th World Champion.
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