US Open 1939, New York = 40th ACF Congress

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US Open 1939, New York = 40th ACF Congress
Compiled by Phony Benoni

<40th ACF Congress
New York, New York
July 18-29, 1939>

This tournament marked a transtion in the history of chess in the United States, when at the closing dinner an announcement was made of the agreed merger between the American Chess Federation and National Chess Federation. Beginning the next year, the United States Chess Federation would organize the US Open, and the tournament took another step in its development.

It was a time for innovation elsewhere as well. The New York World's Fair of 1939-40 had opened a couple of months earlier, and its motto "The World of Tomorrow" seemed to inspired the chess community as well, as detailed in this report from the "Dunkirk (N.Y.) Evening Observer" for July 19, 1939:

<"NEW CHESS RULES IN EFFECT AT TOURNAMENT

"The 40th Annual American Chess Federation tournament got under way today with the old time 'think-as-long-as-you-like' formula barred.

"Players must complete 40 moves with two hours under the present rules and special time clocks have been installed in both the women's and men's play rooms.">

What will they think of next?

As for 1939, there is some confusion about the official name of the tournament. Usually, it's called the 40th American Chess Federation Congress, keeping the traditional numbering alive. And officers of the ACF were heavily involved in the organization, particularly Milton Hanauer and Fred Reinfeld (did the man do everything?). Also, this was the name used in daily reports in the <New York Times.> While the report in <The Chess Review> of September 1939 called it "1939 North American Championship, that may have applied only to the formal name of the Championship Final. I'm going to stick with the ACF designation for the tournament as a whole.

The <New York Times> for July 18, 1939, gives some of the conditions: two rounds daily, at 1:30 and 7:30 pm. Time control of 40 moves in two hours, adjournments after four hours play to be continued the next morning. Originally, there were to be three eight-player sections each qualifying four players for the Championship Final, though late entries changed this to four seven-player sections, each with three qualifiers. Play apparently began on the 18th, following an organizational player's meeting on the 17th.

With international play stifled by the winds of war, Samuel Reshevesky and Reuben Fine were back in town. Reshevsky was attempting to be the first to hold the US Championship and ACF titles simultaneously, but Fine was a perfect 4/4 in this tournament. Nor could 1936 champion Al Horowitz be counted out. Overall attendance dropped to 28, perhaps because of last-minute arrangements; the tournament had originally been scheduled to be played in California.

Preliminary Section 1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Samuel Reshevsky * 1 1 = 1 1 1 5.5 Championship 2 Olaf Ulvestad 0 * 1 1 1 = 1 4.5 Championship 3 Weaver Adams 0 0 * 1 1 1 1 4.0 Championship 4 Joseph Lyon Rauch = 0 0 * = 1 1 3.0 Consolation 5 Irving Rivise 0 0 0 = * 1 1 2.5 Consolation 6 Nicholas R Bellome 0 = 0 0 0 * = 1.0 Class A 7 Bernard Wolk 0 0 0 0 0 = * 0.5 Class A

Three players were to qualify from each preliminary section into the Championship final, and there were no surprises here.

Preliminary Section 2

                          1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1 Reuben Fine             X = 1 = = 1 1 4.5 Championship
2 Herbert Seidman         = X = 1 1 = =	4.0 Championship
3 Gabriel Hellman         0 = X 0 1 1 1 3.5 Championship
4 Daniel Abraham Yanofsky = 0 1 X 0 1 1 3.5 Consolation
5 Bernard Friend          = 0 0 1 X 1 1 3.5 Consolation
6 Boris Garfinkel         0 = 0 0 0 X 1 1.5 Class A
7 Mark Peckar             0 = 0 0 0 0 X 0.5 Class A

A close fight developed for the third ticket into the Championship, which was eventually decided by a coin flip conducted by Tournament Referee Fred Reinfeld. (Yes, the man did do everything.). Hellman actually had the lowest Sonnenbor-Berger tiebreak among the tied players, but once again it was better to be lucky than good.

Preliminary Section 3

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Israel Albert Horowitz * = = 1 = 1 1 4.5 Championship 2 Charles Jaffe = * 1 0 1 1 1 4.5 Championship 3 Matthew Green = 0 * 0 1 1 1 3.5 Championship 4 Samuel Kitces 0 1 1 * 0 0 1 3.0 Consolation 5 Michael Neckermann = 0 0 1 * 1 0 2.5 Consolation 6 John E Fulop 0 0 0 1 0 * = 1.5 7 Schulyer Broughton 0 0 0 0 1 = * 1.5 Class A

Matthew Green was another young player making a name for himself. He would still be playing at the US Open in the 1980s.

Preliminary Section 4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Albert Pinkus * = = 1 1 1 1 5.0 Championship 2 Anthony Santasiere = * 1 = 1 1 = 4.5 Championship 3 Boris Blumin = 0 * 1 1 1 1 4.5 Championship 4 Walter Bradford Suesman 0 = 0 * 1 1 1 3.5 Consolation 5 Carl Pilnick 0 0 0 0 * 1 1 2.0 Consolation 6 Thomas J Connelly 0 0 0 0 0 * 1 1.0 Class A 7 Joseph Hidalgo 0 = 0 0 0 0 * 0.5 Class A

Pinkus returned from an expedition collecting natural specimens in the Guianas to win the section. Blumin and Santasiere had shown plenty of promise earlier, so their showings were hardly a surprise.

Championship

                          1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2
1  Reuben Fine            X = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10.5
2  Samuel Reshevsky       = X 1 = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10.0
3  Israel Albert Horowitz 0 0 X = 1 = 1 1 1 1 1 1  8.0
4  Albert Pinkus          0 = = X 0 = 1 1 1 1 1 1  7.5
5  Anthony Santasiere     0 0 0 1 X = = 1 0 1 1 1  6.0
6  Herbert Seidman        0 0 = = = X = 0 1 1 1 1  6.0
7  Matthew Green          0 0 0 0 = = X = = 0 1 1  4.0
8  Gabriel Hellman        0 0 0 0 0 1 = X 1 = 0 1  4.0
9  Weaver Adams           0 0 0 0 1 0 = 0 X 0 1 1  3.5
10 Olaf Ulvestad          0 0 0 0 0 0 1 = 1 X 0 1  3.5
11 Boris Blumin           0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 X 1  3.0
12 Charles Jaffe          0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X  0.0

Fine and Reshevsky left absolutely no doubt who were the big dogs in town. Pinkus collected another rare specimen by drawing with Reshevsky, and that was the difference. Illness compelled Jaffe's withdrawal after five rounds.

Consolation Tournament

                          1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Daniel Abraham Yanofsky X 1 = 1 1 1 = 1 6.0
2 Bernard Friend          0 X = 1 = 1 1 1 5.0
3 Michael Neckermann      = = X 0 1 1 = 1 4.5
4 Samuel Kitces           0 0 1 X = 0 = 1 3.0
5 Joseph Lyon Rauch       0 = 0 = X = 1 = 3.0
6 Carl Pilnick            0 0 0 1 = X 0 1 2.5
7 Walter Bradford Suesman = 0 = = 0 1 X 0 2.5
8 Irving Rivise           0 0 0 0 = 0 1 X 1.5

The best way to win a coin flip is to ensure it never happens! Yanofsky opened a few eyes here, foreshadowing his performance at the Buenos Aires Olympiad.

Class A

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Bernard Wolk X 0 1 1 1 1 1 5.0 2 Boris Garfinkel 1 X 1 0 1 1 = 4.5 3 Nicholas R Bellome 0 0 X 1 1 = 1 3.5 4 Mark Peckar 0 1 0 X 0 1 1 3.0 5 Schuyler Broughton 0 0 0 1 X 1 0 2.0 6 Thomas J Connely 0 0 = 0 0 X 1 1.5 7 Joseph Hidalgo 0 = 0 0 1 0 X 1.5

It was not a Wolk in the park for the victor, but he still managed to finish on top after losing to Boris and Garfinkel. (I need a vacation.)

That's how the pre-US Open era ended. After a few slow years due to war, the tournament would soon expand beyond recognition.

----

Sources:

American Chess Bulletin, July/August 1939, p. 86-94.

Chess Results 1936-1940 / Gino di Felice, p. 257-258.

"1939 North American Championship". <Chess Review>, September 1939, p. 173-183.

Los Angeles Times, August 6, 13, 20, 27, September 10, 1939; January 28, 1940

Reuben Fine : a comprehensive record of an American Chess Career, 1929-1951 / Aidan Woodger. Jefferson, NC : McFarland, 2004.

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Prelim 1, Round 1 (Tuesday, July 18): LA Times, 1939,08.13
Reshevsky vs B Wolk, 1939
(D35) Queen's Gambit Declined, 37 moves, 1-0
Prelim 1, Round 2 (Tuesday, July 18): ACB 1939:91
O Ulvestad vs Reshevsky, 1939
(A09) Reti Opening, 31 moves, 0-1
Prelim 1, Round 3 (Wednesday, July 19): NYT 1939.07.20
Reshevsky vs J Rauch, 1939
(B20) Sicilian, 20 moves, 1/2-1/2
Prelim 1, Round 3 (Wednesday, July 19):
I Rivise vs B Wolk, 1939
(A46) Queen's Pawn Game, 29 moves, 1-0
Prelim 1, Round 4 (Wednesday, July 19): NYT 07/21; LAT 8/13
N Bellome vs Reshevsky, 1939
(E33) Nimzo-Indian, Classical, 39 moves, 0-1
Prelim 1, Round 6 (Thursday, July 20): NYT 1939.07.22
Reshevsky vs W Adams, 1939
(C98) Ruy Lopez, Closed, Chigorin, 30 moves, 1-0
Prelim 1, Round 7 (Friday, July 21); NYT, 1939.07.22
I Rivise vs Reshevsky, 1939
(A46) Queen's Pawn Game, 17 moves, 0-1
Prelim 2, Round 1 (Tuesday, July 18): NYT 7/19, BDE 7/20; CR180
Fine vs Yanofsky, 1939
(A31) English, Symmetrical, Benoni Formation, 43 moves, 1/2-1/2
Prelim 2, Round 2 (Tuesday, July 18): ACB 1939:93; Woodger 479
Fine vs B Garfinkel, 1939
(E40) Nimzo-Indian, 4.e3, 23 moves, 1-0
Prelim 2, Round 2 (Tuesday, July 18):
Yanofsky vs H Seidman, 1939
(B73) Sicilian, Dragon, Classical, 45 moves, 0-1
Prelim 2, Round 3, (Wednesday, July 19): Woodger 480; NYT 7/20
M Peckar vs Fine, 1939
(B20) Sicilian, 8 moves, 0-1
Prelim 2, Round 3 (Wednesday, July 19)
B Garfinkel vs Yanofsky, 1939
(E38) Nimzo-Indian, Classical, 4...c5, 39 moves, 0-1
Prelim 2, Round 4 (Wednesday, July 19): Woodger 481
Fine vs G Hellman, 1939
(C84) Ruy Lopez, Closed, 41 moves, 1-0
Prelim 2, Round 4 (Wednesday, July 19)
Yanofsky vs M Peckar, 1939
(D67) Queen's Gambit Declined, Orthodox Defense, Bd3 line, 47 moves, 1-0
Prelim 2, Round 5 (Thursday, July 20): NYT 1939.07.21
G Hellman vs Yanofsky, 1939
(C14) French, Classical, 34 moves, 0-1
Prelim 2, Round 5 (Thursday, July 20): Woodger 482
B Friend vs Fine, 1939
(D70) Neo-Grunfeld Defense, 45 moves, 1/2-1/2
Prelim 2, Round 6 (Thursday, July 20)
Yanofsky vs B Friend, 1939
(B13) Caro-Kann, Exchange, 57 moves, 0-1
Prelim 2, Round 7 (Friday, July 21): NYT 7/22; Woodger 483
H Seidman vs Fine, 1939
(A34) English, Symmetrical, 15 moves, 1/2-1/2
Prelim 3, Round 5 (Thursday, July 20): 365.Chess
Michael Neckermann vs S Kitces, 1939
(D74) Neo-Grunfeld, 6.cd Nxd5, 7.O-O, 34 moves, 1-0
Prelim 4, Round 2 (Tuesday, July 18)
Santasiere vs B Blumin, 1939
(A46) Queen's Pawn Game, 29 moves, 1-0
Prelim 4, Round 2 (Tuesday, July 18): CR 1939.10:209
C Pilnick vs A Pinkus, 1939
(A03) Bird's Opening, 23 moves, 0-1
Final, Round 1 (Friday, July 21): NYT 7/23; CR 181; ACB 94
W Adams vs O Ulvestad, 1939
(B29) Sicilian, Nimzovich-Rubinstein, 23 moves, 0-1
Final, Round 1 (Friday, July 21): NYT 1939.07.25
Fine vs Santasiere, 1939
(C86) Ruy Lopez, Worrall Attack, 58 moves, 1-0
Final, Round 1 (Friday, July 21): NYT 1939.07.23
M Green vs Reshevsky, 1939
(D95) Grunfeld, 42 moves, 0-1
Final, Round 1 (Friday, July 21): NYT 7/23; CR 215; ACB 92
G Hellman vs A Pinkus, 1939
(C53) Giuoco Piano, 40 moves, 0-1
Final, Round 1 (Friday, July 21):
I A Horowitz vs C Jaffe, 1939
(E01) Catalan, Closed, 56 moves, 1-0
Final, Round 2 (Saturday, July 22): NYT 1939.07.23; CR 1939:179
H Seidman vs Fine, 1939
(D41) Queen's Gambit Declined, Semi-Tarrasch, 37 moves, 0-1
Final, Round 2 (Saturday, July 22): CR 1939:226
W Adams vs B Blumin, 1939
(C26) Vienna, 28 moves, 1-0
Final, Round 2 (Saturday, July 22): NYT 07/26; BDE 07/27
Reshevsky vs G Hellman, 1939
(D48) Queen's Gambit Declined Semi-Slav, Meran, 71 moves, 1-0
Final, Round 3 (Saturday, July 22): CR 1939:180
Fine vs W Adams, 1939
(D06) Queen's Gambit Declined, 34 moves, 1-0
Final, Round 3 (Saturday, July 22): CR 1939:190
B Blumin vs O Ulvestad, 1939
(A52) Budapest Gambit, 19 moves, 1-0
Final, Round 3 (Saturday, July 22):
C Jaffe vs A Pinkus, 1939
(D38) Queen's Gambit Declined, Ragozin Variation, 31 moves, 0-1
Final, Round 3 (Saturday, July 23): CR 1939:180
G Hellman vs Santasiere, 1939
(B50) Sicilian, 38 moves, 0-1
Final, Round 3 (Saturday, July 22): NYT 1939.07.25; CR 1939:178
I A Horowitz vs Reshevsky, 1939
(D74) Neo-Grunfeld, 6.cd Nxd5, 7.O-O, 33 moves, 0-1
Final, Round 4 (Sunday, July 23):
W Adams vs M Green, 1939
(B84) Sicilian, Scheveningen, 38 moves, 1/2-1/2
Final, Round 4 (Sunday, July 23): NYT 1939.07.25; Woodger 487
B Blumin vs Fine, 1939
(E33) Nimzo-Indian, Classical, 36 moves, 0-1
Final, Round 4 (Sunday, July 23): CR 1939:180
H Seidman vs G Hellman, 1939
(D38) Queen's Gambit Declined, Ragozin Variation, 23 moves, 0-1
Final, Round 4 (Sunday,July 23): CR 1939:236
Santasiere vs I A Horowitz, 1939
(A28) English, 50 moves, 0-1
Final, Round 4 (Sunday, July 23): NYT 1939.07.25; LAT 8/6
Reshevsky vs C Jaffe, 1939
(D51) Queen's Gambit Declined, 38 moves, 1-0
Final, Round 4 (Sunday, July 23)
O Ulvestad vs A Pinkus, 1939
(D52) Queen's Gambit Declined, 38 moves, 0-1
Final, Round 4 (Sunday, July 23)
G Hellman vs W Adams, 1939
(C51) Evans Gambit, 44 moves, 1-0
Final, Round 5 (Sunday, July 23): CR 1939:180
M Green vs B Blumin, 1939
(D51) Queen's Gambit Declined, 27 moves, 1-0
Final, Round 5 (Sunday, July 23): CR 1939:181; ACB 1939:91
A Pinkus vs Reshevsky, 1939
(C84) Ruy Lopez, Closed, 40 moves, 1/2-1/2
Final, Round 5 (sunday, July 23): NYT 7/26; CR 179; ACB 94
Fine vs O Ulvestad, 1939
(D11) Queen's Gambit Declined Slav, 42 moves, 1-0
Final, Round 6 (Monday, July 24): CR 1939:230
Santasiere vs B Blumin, 1939
(A03) Bird's Opening, 61 moves, 1-0
Final, Round 6 (Monday, July 24): NYT 1939.07.26' CR 1939:182
Reshevsky vs Fine, 1939
(E54) Nimzo-Indian, 4.e3, Gligoric System, 27 moves, 1/2-1/2
Final, Round 6 (Monday, July 24): CR 1939:177
A Pinkus vs M Green, 1939
(B95) Sicilian, Najdorf, 6...e6, 58 moves, 1-0
Final, Round 7 (Tuesday, July 25)
Fine vs M Green, 1939
(D23) Queen's Gambit Accepted, 25 moves, 1-0
Final, Round 7 (Tuesday, July 25): CR 1939:213
O Ulvestad vs Reshevsky, 1939
(A49) King's Indian, Fianchetto without c4, 40 moves, 0-1
Final, Round 7 (Tuesday, July 25): CR 1939:231
Santasiere vs A Pinkus, 1939
(A04) Reti Opening, 45 moves, 1-0
Final, Round 7 (Tuesday, July 25)
W Adams vs I A Horowitz, 1939
(C15) French, Winawer, 40 moves, 0-1
Final, Round 7 (Tuesday, July 25): CR 1939:181
B Blumin vs G Hellman, 1939
(D50) Queen's Gambit Declined, 28 moves, 1-0
Final, Round 8 (Tuesday, July 25):NYT 7/27; ACB 93; Woodger 491
G Hellman vs Fine, 1939
(B45) Sicilian, Taimanov, 37 moves, 0-1
Final, Round 8 (Tuesday, July 25): NYT 7/27; CR 179; ACB 90
Reshevsky vs Santasiere, 1939
(D19) Queen's Gambit Declined Slav, Dutch, 36 moves, 1-0
Final, Round 8 (Tuesday, July 25):
I A Horowitz vs B Blumin, 1939
(C84) Ruy Lopez, Closed, 30 moves, 1-0
Final. Round 9 (Wednesday, July 26): NYT 7/28; CR 176; ACB 89
Fine vs I A Horowitz, 1939
(D34) Queen's Gambit Declined, Tarrasch, 34 moves, 1-0
Final, Round 9 (Wednesday, July 26): NYT 7/28; CR 182; ACB 93
H Seidman vs Reshevsky, 1939
(A03) Bird's Opening, 32 moves, 0-1
Final, Round 9 (Wednesday, July 26)
O Ulvestad vs Santasiere, 1939
(E90) King's Indian, 55 moves, 0-1
Final, Round 9 (Wednesday, July 26)
W Adams vs A Pinkus, 1939
(B15) Caro-Kann, 40 moves, 0-1
Final, Round 10 (Thursday, July 27): NYT 7/29; CR 1939:177
Reshevsky vs W Adams, 1939
(D02) Queen's Pawn Game, 41 moves, 1-0
Final, Round 10 (THursday, July 27): CR 1939:182
I A Horowitz vs M Green, 1939
(D78) Neo-Grunfeld, 6.O-O c6, 37 moves, 1-0
Final, Round 10 (Thursday, July 27): NYT 1939.07.29
A Pinkus vs B Blumin, 1939
(C84) Ruy Lopez, Closed, 42 moves, 1-0
Final, Round 11 (Friday, July 28): NYT 1939.07.30
B Blumin vs Reshevsky, 1939
(D72) Neo-Grunfeld, 5.cd, Main line, 37 moves, 0-1
Final, Round 11 (Friday, July 28): NYT 1939.07.30
Fine vs A Pinkus, 1939
(D37) Queen's Gambit Declined, 33 moves, 1-0
Consolation, Round 1 (Friday, July 21)
B Friend vs Yanofsky, 1939
(E48) Nimzo-Indian, 4.e3 O-O 5.Bd3 d5, 53 moves, 0-1
Consolation, Round 2 (Saturday, July 22)
Yanofsky vs J Rauch, 1939
(C84) Ruy Lopez, Closed, 38 moves, 1-0
Consolation, Round32 (Sunday, July 23)
S Kitces vs Yanofsky, 1939
(E11) Bogo-Indian Defense, 41 moves, 0-1
Consolation, Round 4 (Monday, July 24)
Yanofsky vs I Rivise, 1939
(E15) Queen's Indian, 46 moves, 1-0
Consolation, Round 5 (Tuesday, July 25)
I Rivise vs W Suesman, 1939
(C12) French, McCutcheon, 27 moves, 1-0
Consolation, Round 5 (Tuesday, July 25)
Michael Neckermann vs Yanofsky, 1939
(C07) French, Tarrasch, 39 moves, 1/2-1/2
Consolation, Round 6 (Wednesday, July 26)
Yanofsky vs W Suesman, 1939
(B45) Sicilian, Taimanov, 48 moves, 1/2-1/2
Consolation, Round 7 (Thursday, July 27)
C Pilnick vs Yanofsky, 1939
(C13) French, 27 moves, 0-1
72 games

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