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Linares 1988 The 6th Linares International Grandmaster Tournament was held at Linares, Spain from February 23rd to March 8th in 1988. Eleven grandmasters and one IM were invited to compete in the round robin event, including (in order of ELO): Jan Timman (2675), Alexander Beliavsky (2645), Predrag Nikolic (2630), Artur Yusupov (2620), John Nunn (2615), Ljubomir Ljubojevic (2610), Lajos Portisch (2610), Kiril Georgiev (2595), Murray Chandler (2590), Johann Hjartarson (2590), Maia Chiburdanidze (2560), and Miguel Illescas-Cordoba (2495). Because no tournament was held in 1986 and the candidates final between Anatoli Karpov and Andrei Sokolov was held in 1987, three years would pass between the fifth and sixth Linares international tournaments. The twelve participants stayed at the newly constructed Hotel Anibal to avoid previous situations at hotels noted in earlier Linares tournament collections. Luis Rentero would eventually buy the hotel to permanently host players for the tournament each year. Although Karpov would not take part in this year's edition, he would be replaced by the World Women's Chess Champion, Maia Chiburdanidze. Karpov's favorite time control of 40 moves in 2½ hours was also used. Baturinsky was the chief arbiter and the tournament was a grand success, in large part to the success of Jan Timman's adventurous chess play. He won the tournament, a full point and a half ahead of second place Beliavsky. The tournament was also the final GM norm won by Illescas-Cordoba. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 01 Timman 8½/11 * 1 ½ 0 1 ½ 1 1 1 ½ 1 1 02 Beliavsky 7/11 0 * ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 03 Yusupov 6½/11 ½ ½ * ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ 04 Chandler 6/11 1 0 ½ * 0 ½ 0 ½ ½ 1 1 1 05 Ljubojevic 6/11 0 ½ ½ 1 * ½ ½ 0 ½ 1 ½ 1 06 Portisch 5½/11 ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ * ½ ½ ½ 1 1 0 07 Illescas-Cordoba 5½/11 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ * ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 08 Georgiev 5½/11 0 ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ * 0 ½ ½ 1 09 Nunn 5½/11 0 0 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 * 1 ½ 1 10 Hjartarson 4/11 ½ ½ ½ 0 0 0 ½ ½ 0 * ½ 1 11 Nikolic 3½/11 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ * ½ 12 Chiburdanidze 2½/11 0 0 ½ 0 0 1 ½ 0 0 0 ½ * 66 games, 1988 Linares 1989 The 7th Annual Linares Super Tournament held from February 18th to March 5th, 1989 was a category XVI event. Eleven grandmasters competed in a round robin format. The participants were (in order of ELO): Anatoli Karpov (2750), Nigel Short (2650), Alexander Beliavsky (2640), Vassily Ivanchuk (2635), Johann Bjarni Hjartarson (2615), Boris Gulko (2610), Lajos Portisch (2610), Jan Timman (2610), Artur Yusupov (2610), Andrei Sokolov (2605), and Ljubomir Ljubojevic (2580). Twenty year old Ivanchuk dazzled at his Linares debut with a clear first place ahead of former world champion Karpov. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 01 Ivanchuk 7.5/10 * = = 1 1 = 1 = 1 = 1 02 Karpov 7/10 = * 1 = 0 1 1 1 = = 1 03 Ljubojevic 6/10 = 0 * = 0 = 1 1 = 1 1 04 Timman 5.5/10 0 = = * = = = = = 1 1 05 Short 5.5/10 0 1 1 = * 0 = = = = 1 06 Yusupov 5/10 = 0 = = 1 * 0 = 1 = = 07 Beliavsky 4.5/10 0 0 0 = = 1 * 1 = 1 0 08 Portisch 4/10 = 0 0 = = = 0 * = = 1 09 Sokolov 3.5/10 0 = = = = 0 = = * = 0 10 Gulko 3.5/10 = = 0 0 = = 0 = = * = 11 Hjartarson 3/10 0 0 0 0 0 = 1 0 1 = * *This collection could not have been completed without nescio, to whom I am eternally grateful. 55 games, 1989 Linares 1990 The 8th Annual Linares Super Tournament held from February 18th to March 3rd, 1990 was a category XVI event. Twelve of the world's top players, including the World Champion, competed in a round robin format. The participants were (in order of ELO): Garry Kasparov (2800), Vassily Ivanchuk (2665), Valery Salov (2645), Alexander Beliavsky (2640), Nigel Short (2635), Ljubomir Ljubojevic (2625), Boris Gelfand (2615), Artur Yusupov (2615), Boris Gulko (2610), Lajos Portisch (2605), Boris Spassky (2560), and local, Spanish favorite Miguel Illescas-Cordoba (2530). In what would mark the beginning of an era, Kasparov won his first of eight Linares titles right here with 8/11. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 01 Kasparov 8/11 * = = 1 1 0 1 = 1 1 1 = 02 Gelfand 7.5/11 = * 1 = 0 1 0 1 = 1 1 1 03 Salov 7/11 = 0 * = 1 = 1 = 1 = 1 = 04 Ivanchuk 6.5/11 0 = = * = = = 1 1 = = 1 05 Short 6/11 0 1 0 = * 1 = 1 0 = 1 = 06 Gulko 5.5/11 1 0 = = 0 * = 0 1 = = 1 07 Yusupov 5.5/11 0 1 0 = = = * = = 1 0 1 08 Beliavsky 5/11 = 0 = 0 0 1 = * 1 1 0 = 09 Portisch 4/11 0 = 0 0 1 0 = 0 * = = 1 10 Spassky 4/11 0 0 = = = = 0 0 = * 1 = 11 Illescas-Cordoba 4/11 0 0 0 = 0 = 1 1 = 0 * = 12 Ljubojevic 3/11 = 0 = 0 = 0 0 = 0 = = * 66 games, 1990 Linares 1991 The 9th Annual Linares Super Tournament held from February 22nd to March 15th, 1991 was a category XVII event. Fourteen of the world's top players, including the World Champion, competed in a round robin format that was the strongest tournament in the world at that time. The participants were (in order of ELO): Garry Kasparov (2800), Anatoli Karpov (2725), Boris Gelfand (2700), Vassily Ivanchuk (2695), Mikhail Gurevich (2650), Jaan Ehlvest (2650), Valery Salov (2645), Alexander Beliavsky (2640), Gata Kamsky (2640), Vishwanathan Anand (2635), Jan Timman (2630), Jonathan Speelman (2610), Artur Yusupov (2605), and Ljubomir Ljubojevic (2595). It was a second phenomenal victory for Ivanchuk who finished clear first with an impressive 9.5/13, even winning his head to head match with second place and world champion, Kasparov. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 01 Ivanchuk 9.5/13 * 1 = = = = = 1 1 = 1 1 = 1 02 Kasparov 9/13 0 * 1 = = = = = 1 1 = 1 1 1 03 Beliavsky 8/13 = 0 * = 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 04 Speelman 7.5/13 = = = * 0 = = 1 = = = = 1 1 05 Yusupov 7.5/13 = = 0 1 * 1 = = 1 = 0 = = 1 06 Salov 7/13 = = 1 = 0 * = = = = 1 0 = 1 07 Timman 6.5/13 = = 0 = = = * = 1 = 0 = 1 = 08 Karpov 6.5/13 0 = 1 0 = = = * = 0 0 1 1 1 09 Gurevich 6/13 0 0 0 = 0 = 0 = * 1 1 1 = 1 10 Ljubojevic 6/13 = 0 1 = = = = 1 0 * = 0 1 0 11 Anand 6/13 0 = 0 = 1 0 1 1 0 = * 0 = 1 12 Gelfand 5.5/13 0 0 0 = = 1 = 0 0 1 1 * 0 1 13 Ehlvest 3.5/13 = 0 0 0 = = 0 0 = 0 = 1 * 0 14 Kamsky 2.5/13 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 0 0 1 0 0 1 * 91 games, 1991 Linares 1992 The 10th Annual Linares Super Tournament was a category XVII event. Fourteen of the world's top players, including the World Champion, competed in a round robin format that was the strongest tournament in the world at that time. The participants were (in order of ELO): Garry Kasparov (2780), Anatoli Karpov (2725), Vassily Ivanchuk (2720), Nigel Short (2685), Vishwanathan Anand (2670), Boris Gelfand (2665), Valery Salov (2655), Artur Yusupov (2655), Evgeny Bareev (2635), Jonathan Speelman (2630), Alexander Beliavsky (2620), Jan Timman (2620), Ljubomir Ljubojevic (2610), and Miguel Illescas-Cordoba (2555). The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 01 Kasparov 10/13 * = 1 1 = 1 = = = 1 1 1 = 1 02 Ivanchuk 8/13 = * = = 0 1 = = = 1 1 = 1 = 03 Timman 8/13 0 = * 1 0 = 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 04 Karpov 7.5/13 0 = 0 * 1 = = 0 1 = 1 1 = 1 05 Salov 7/13 = 1 1 0 * 0 = 0 = = = 1 = 1 06 Gelfand 7/13 0 0 = = 1 * = 1 0 = 1 = = 1 07 Anand 7/13 = = 1 = = = * = 1 0 1 = = 0 08 Bareev 6.5/13 = = 0 1 1 0 = * = 1 0 = = = 09 Beliavsky 6/13 = = 1 0 = 1 0 = * 0 = 0 = 1 10 Yusupov 6/13 0 0 0 = = = 1 0 1 * 0 = 1 1 11 Illescas-Cordoba 5.5/13 0 0 0 0 = 0 0 1 = 1 * 1 1 = 12 Ljubojevic 4.5/13 0 = 0 0 0 = = = 1 = 0 * 1 0 13 Speelman 4/13 = 0 0 = = = = = = 0 0 0 * = 14 Short 4/13 0 = 0 0 0 0 1 = 0 0 = 1 = * 91 games, 1992 Linares 1993 The 11th Annual Linares Super Tournament held from February 22nd to March 15th, 1993 was a category XVIII event. Fourteen of the world's top players, including the World Champion, competed in a round robin format that became known as the strongest tournament in the world. The participants were (in order of ELO): Garry Kasparov (2805), Anatoli Karpov (2725), Vishwanathan Anand (2710), Vassily Ivanchuk (2710), Boris Gelfand (2690), Vladimir Kramnik (2685), Evgeny Bareev (2670), Alexey Shirov (2670), Valery Salov (2660), Gata Kamsky (2655), Artur Yusupov (2645), Jan Timman (2635), Alexander Beliavsky (2610), and Ljubomir Ljubojevic (2605). Despite Short's absence (he claimed he would take no part in the 'Russian Championship') the field assembled was considered the strongest ever for an international tournament. Not surprisingly Kasparov and Karpov raced neck and neck towards the end, with Kasparov defeating Karpov in their game and eventually winning the tournament undefeated. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 01 Kasparov 10/13 * 1 1 = = = = = 1 1 = 1 1 1 02 Karpov 8.5/13 0 * = = = 1 = 1 = 1 1 0 1 1 03 Anand 8.5/13 0 = * = = = 1 0 1 1 = 1 1 1 04 Shirov 8/13 = = = * 1 0 = 0 1 1 = = 1 1 05 Kramnik 7.5/13 = = = 0 * 0 1 1 = 1 = = 1 = 06 Salov 6.5/13 = 0 = 1 1 * 0 = 1 = = = = 0 07 Ivanchuk 6.5/13 = = 0 = 0 1 * 0 1 0 = 1 1 = 08 Beliavsky 6/13 = 0 1 1 0 = 1 * 0 0 = 1 = 0 09 Bareev 5.5/13 0 = 0 0 = 0 0 1 * = = 1 = 1 10 Kamsky 5.5/13 0 0 0 0 0 = 1 1 = * 1 1 0 = 11 Yusupov 5/13 = 0 = = = = = = = 0 * 0 = = 12 Timman 5/13 0 1 0 = = = 0 0 0 0 1 * = 1 13 Gelfand 4.5/13 0 0 0 0 0 = 0 = = 1 = = * 1 14 Ljubojevic 4/13 0 0 0 0 = 1 = 1 0 = = 0 0 * 91 games, 1993 Linares 1994 The 12th Annual Linares Super Tournament held from February 12th to March 14th, 1994 was the first category XVIII event ever held. Fourteen of the world's best players, including both World Champions, competed in a round robin format. The participants were (in order of ELO): Garry Kasparov (2805), Anatoli Karpov (2740), Alexey Shirov (2715), Vishwanathan Anand (2715), Vladimir Kramnik (2710), Vassily Ivanchuk (2710), Gata Kamsky (2695), Boris Gelfand (2685), Evgeny Bareev (2685), Alexander Beliavsky (2650), Veselin Topalov (2640), Judit Polgar (2630), Joel Lautier (2625), and Miguel Illescas-Cordoba (2590). When asked about the strength of the tournament, Kasparov famously stated that the winner could consider himself the world champion of tournament chess. Ironically, it was to be Karpov, his longtime rival who would be the man of destiny, culminating in the greatest single tournament performance of all time! Karpov won the whole ball of wax, undeafeated with an astonishing 11/13!! The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 01 Karpov 11/13 * = = 1 1 1 = = 1 1 1 1 1 1 02 Kasparov 8.5/13 = * = 1 0 0 1 1 = 1 = 1 1 = 03 Shirov 8.5/13 = = * 0 0 1 1 = 1 1 = 1 1 = 04 Bareev 7.5/13 0 0 1 * = = = = 1 1 0 1 = 1 05 Lautier 7/13 0 1 1 = * = 0 1 1 0 = 0 1 = 06 Kramnik 7/13 0 1 0 = = * = = 0 = = 1 1 1 07 Kamsky 6.5/13 = 0 0 = 1 = * 0 = = = 1 = 1 08 Anand 6.5/13 = 0 = = 0 = 1 * 0 0 = 1 1 1 09 Topalov 6.5/13 0 = 0 0 0 1 = 1 * 1 1 = 0 1 10 Ivanchuk 6/13 0 0 0 0 1 = = 1 0 * = 1 = 1 11 Gelfand 5.5/13 0 = = 1 = = = = 0 = * 0 = = 12 Illescas-Cordoba 4.5/13 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 = 0 1 * 1 1 13 Polgar 4/13 0 0 0 = 0 0 = 0 1 = = 0 * 1 14 Beliavsky 2/13 0 = = 0 = 0 0 0 0 0 = 0 0 * 91 games, 1994 Linares 1995 The 13th Annual Linares Super Tournament held from March 1st to the 17th, 1995 was a category XVII event. Fourteen of the world's top players, including the FIDE World Champion, competed in a round robin format. The participants were (in order of ELO): Anatoli Karpov (2780), Alexey Shirov (2710), Vassily Ivanchuk (2700), Vladimir Akopian (2655), Joel Lautier (2655), Nigel Short (2655), Alexander Beliavsky (2650), Alexey Dreev (2650), Ivan Sokolov (2645), Alexander Khalifman (2635), Veselin Topalov (2630), Sergei Tiviakov (2625), Miguel Illescas-Cordoba (2595), and Ljubomir Ljubojevic (2580). Ivanchuk won his third Linares undefeated with an impressive 10/13, earning wins against half the field! The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 01 Ivanchuk 10/13 * = = 1 = 1 1 = = 1 1 = 1 1 02 Karpov 9/13 = * = 1 1 = = = 1 = = 1 1 = 03 Shirov 8/13 = = * 1 = = = = 1 = = = = 1 04 Topalov 8/13 0 0 0 * = 1 = 1 1 1 = 1 = 1 05 Khalifman 7.5/13 = 0 = = * 1 1 = = 0 = = 1 1 06 Beliavsky 7/13 0 = = 0 0 * 1 = = = = 1 1 1 07 Tiviakov 6/13 0 = = = 0 0 * 1 = = = 1 = = 08 Illescas-Cordoba 6/13 = = = 0 = = 0 * 0 = = 1 1 = 09 Sokolov 5.5/13 = 0 0 0 = = = 1 * = 1 = 0 = 10 Dreev 5.5/13 0 = = 0 1 = = = = * = 0 0 1 11 Ljubojevic 5/13 0 = = = = = = = 0 = * 0 = = 12 Short 5/13 = 0 = 0 = 0 0 0 = 1 1 * = = 13 Lautier 4.5/13 0 0 = = 0 0 = 0 1 1 = = * 0 14 Akopian 4/13 0 = 0 0 0 0 = = = 0 = = 1 * 91 games, 1995 Linares 1997 The 14th Annual Linares Super Tournament held in 1997 was a category XVIII event. Twelve of the world's top players, including the World Champion, competed in a round robin format. The participants were (in order of ELO): Garry Kasparov (2795), Vishwanathan Anand (2765), Vladimir Kramnik (2740), Vassily Ivanchuk (2740), Veselin Topalov (2725), Boris Gelfand (2700), Alexei Shirov (2690), Michael Adams (2665), Predrag Nikolic (2655), Alexey Dreev (2650), Judit Polgar (2645), and Jeroen Piket (2640). Kasparov dominated in his usual manner, this time scoring wins against 2nd through 6th place. The final standngs and crosstable are as follows: 1 Kasparov 8.5/11 * 1 1 1 1 1 0 = 1 = = 1 2 Kramnik 7.5/11 0 * = 1 1 = 1 = = 1 1 = 3 Adams 6.5/11 0 = * = = = = 1 = 1 = 1 4 Topalov 6.5/11 0 0 = * = = 1 1 1 1 1 0 5 Polgar 6/11 0 0 = = * 0 1 = 1 1 1 = 6 Anand 5.5/11 0 = = = 1 * = = 0 1 = = 7 Ivanchuk 5/11 1 0 = 0 0 = * = = 0 1 1 8 Gelfand 5/11 = = 0 0 = = = * 1 = = = 9 Nikolic 4.5/11 0 = = 0 0 1 = 0 * = = 1 10 Dreev 4/11 = 0 0 0 0 0 1 = = * 1 = 11 Piket 3.5/11 = 0 = 0 0 = 0 = = 0 * 1 12 Shirov 3.5/11 0 = 0 1 = = 0 = 0 = 0 * 66 games, 1997 Linares 1998 The 15th Annual Linares Super Tournament held from February 21st to March 10th, 1998 was a category XXI event. Seven of the world's top players, including the World Champion, competed in a double round robin format. The participants were (in order of ELO): Garry Kasparov (2825), Vladimir Kramnik (2790), Vishwanathan Anand (2770), Veselin Topalov (2740), Vassily Ivanchuk (2740), Alexei Shirov (2710), and Peter Svidler (2690). Anand won clear first with an astounding performance rating of 2840! The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 1 Anand 7.5/12 ** 1½ 0½ ½½ 1½ ½1 ½1 2 Shirov 7/12 0½ ** ½½ ½1 10 10 11 3 Kasparov 6.5/12 1½ ½½ ** ½½ ½½ ½½ ½½ 4 Kramnik 6.5/12 ½½ ½0 ½½ ** ½1 ½½ 1½ 5 Svidler 5.5/12 0½ 01 ½½ ½0 ** 10 ½1 6 Ivanchuk 5/12 ½0 01 ½½ ½½ 01 ** 0½ 7 Topalov 4/12 ½0 00 ½½ 0½ ½0 1½ ** 42 games, 1998 Linares 1999 The 16th annual Linares Super Tournament held in Linares, Spain from February 20th to March 10th, 1999 was a category XX event. Eight of the world's best players, including the world champion, participated in the double round robin. They were (in order of ELO): Garry Kasparov (2812), Vishwanathan Anand (2781), Vladimir Kramnik (2751), Michael Adams (2716), Vassily Ivanchuk (2714), Peter Svidler (2713), Veselin Topalov (2700), and Peter Leko (2694). Kasparov, already a long time champion at Linares, dominated with a stellar 10.5/14 at the end, garnering wins against everyone except young Leko and future challenger to the crown Kramnik. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 1 Kasparov 10.5/14 ** == =1 == 11 1= =1 11 2 Kramnik 8/14 == ** == == == == =1 1= 3 Anand 8/14 =0 == ** == == =1 1= =1 4 Leko 6.5/14 == == == ** 1= == 0= 0= 5 Ivanchuk 6/14 00 == == 0= ** =1 1= 0= 6 Topalov 6/14 0= == =0 == =0 ** =1 == 7 Svidler 5.5/14 =0 =0 0= 1= 0= =0 ** =1 8 Adams 5.5/14 00 0= =0 1= 1= == =0 ** 56 games, 1999 Linares 2000 The 17th Annual Linares Super Tournament held from February 28th to March 10th, 2000 was a category XXI event. Six of the world's top players competed in a double round robin format that was heralded as the strongest tournament ever. The participants were (in order of ELO): Garry Kasparov (2851), Vishwanathan Anand (2769), Vladimir Kramnik (2758), Alexei Shirov (2751), Peter Leko (2725), and Alexander Khalifman (2656) who, as the new FIDE champion, was invited as a last minute replacement for Alexander Morozevich. Kramnik and Kasparov tied for first and were declared co-champions, though Kasparov conceded the trophy to his former second. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 1 Kramnik 6/10 ** ½½ ½½ 1½ 1½ ½½ 2 Kasparov 6/10 ½½ ** 1½ 1½ ½½ ½½ 3 Anand 4.5/10 ½½ 0½ ** 0½ ½1 ½½ 4 Shirov 4.5/10 0½ 0½ 1½ ** ½½ ½½ 5 Khalifman 4.5/10 0½ ½½ ½0 ½½ ** ½1 6 Leko 4.5/10 ½½ ½½ ½½ ½½ ½0 ** 30 games, 2000 Linares 2001 The 18th Annual Linares Super Tournament held from February 23rd to March 6th, 2001 was a category XIX event. Six of the world's top players competed in a double round robin format. The participants were (in order of ELO): Garry Kasparov (2849), Peter Leko (2745), Alexei Shirov (2718), Anatoli Karpov (2679), Judit Polgar (2676), and Alexander Grischuk (2663). Despite the absence of Anand and Kramnik from the tournament, no one could dispute Kasparov's absolute domination of the entire field, winning clear first, undefeated, with a three point margin, and the remaining players tied for last. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 1 Kasparov 7.5/10 ** ½½ 11 ½1 ½1 1½ 2 Polgar 4.5/10 ½½ ** ½½ ½½ 10 ½0 3 Grischuk 4.5/10 00 ½½ ** ½½ 01 ½1 4 Leko 4.5/10 ½0 ½½ ½½ ** ½½ ½½ 5 Shirov 4.5/10 ½0 01 10 ½½ ** ½½ 6 Karpov 4.5/10 0½ ½1 ½0 ½½ ½½ ** 30 games, 2001 Linares 2002 The 19th Annual Linares Super Tournament held from February 23rd to March 10th, 2002 was a category XX event. Six of the world's best players, including the FIDE World Champion, and one Spanish talent, competed in a double round robin format. The participants were (in order of ELO): Garry Kasparov (2838), Viswanathan Anand (2757), Michael Adams (2742), Ruslan Ponomariov (2727), Vasyl Ivanchuk (2717), Alexey Shirov (2715), and local Spanish favorite Francisco Vallejo Pons (2629). In what was to be Kasparov's last clear first at Linares, attention was cast on young Ponomariov's debut. The new FIDE KO World Champion won clear second place behind the mighty Gazza. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 1 Kasparov 8/12 ** ½1 ½½ ½½ 1½ ½1 ½1 2 Ponomariov 6.5/12 ½0 ** 1½ ½½ 01 ½1 ½½ 3 Ivanchuk 6/12 ½½ 0½ ** ½½ 1½ ½1 ½0 4 Anand 6/12 ½½ ½½ ½½ ** 0½ ½½ ½1 5 Adams 6/12 0½ 10 0½ 1½ ** ½½ ½1 6 Vallejo-Pons 5/12 ½0 ½0 ½0 ½½ ½½ ** ½1 7 Shirov 4.5/12 ½0 ½½ ½1 ½0 ½0 ½0 ** 42 games, 2002 London 1883 In the late Spring of 1883, 14 chess masters were invited to participate in a double round robin event in London, England. Among the attendees were the very best players in the world at that time, including Wilhelm Steinitz, Simon Winawer, Johannes Zukertort, and Joseph Henry Blackburne. The tournament was held from April 26th to June 23rd at Victoria Hall in the Criterion. The prize money up for the seven top places was broken down as such: 1st= £250, 2nd= £150, 3rd= £120, 4th= £90, 5th= £70, 6th= £50 and 7th= £25. In addition, a Löwenthal Consolation Prize of £50 was established to be distributed among the players who did not place, applying the Gelbfuhs system. It marked the first time at an international tournament that all the players' expenses would be covered to some degree. Games started promptly at noon and continued until 5pm where a two hour adjournment was held for supper. Then games would resume at 7 and continue until 11pm. The time control for the tournament was 15 moves every hour. A new innovation for measuring the players' time was introduced here, a pair of connected stop-clocks designed by Thomas Bright Wilson (based on advice from Blackburne). The premise behind the clocks was that one player stopped his clock after his move and his opponent's clock would then begin running and vice versa. Among the rules for this tournament, draws had to be replayed either until a decisive result was achieved, or until the third game where any result counted. Draws were scheduled to be replayed on Wednesdays and Saturdays, and only when no pairing conflicts existed. During the first cycle of games, a holiday was permitted to the players in order to attend the Derby. It was during this extra rest day that construction of platforms in the hall commenced so that visitors and spectators could observe the remainder of the games for the tournament. This resulted in over a hundred people attending on June 7th to watch the Steinitz-Zukertort game during the second cycle. Arthur Skipworth abandoned the tournament shortly after the resumption of the second half. His remaining games were forfeited to the opponents, and they have been excluded from this collection. Also of note is the missing replayed draw of Rosenthal and Blackburne's from the second cycle. It was determined by the organizers that since the tournament was continuing on prohibitively and that the game would not affect the standing of either player it was not required to be played. As result, neither player received a score for the game. The tournament was a runaway success for Zukertort. In the first twenty-three rounds his score was an astounding (+22 -1 =0)! However, the length and strain of the tournament took its toll on Zukertort and he used opium during the final three rounds to help himself relax, which would contribute to his losses in those games. James Mason held second place at the end of the first cycle of games, but would eventually fall to shared fifth with George Mackenzie and Berthold Englisch. He was replaced at second for the tournament final by Steinitz, followed by Blackburne at third employing a more solid approach, with Mikhail Chigorin taking fourth place. Though Steinitz crushed the weaker opposition, his unusual style of play that had won him Vienna a year earlier, proved inconsistent against the top players here and failed to secure him enough wins to challenge Zukertort for first. Samuel Rosenthal, another strong master who had contested a match with Zukertort three years earlier, fell victim to the tournament's draw policy. He was forced to replay a majority of his games, earning twenty-six decisive results, but through playing 45 games total over 59 days. His one consolation was a brilliancy prize he won for defeating Steinitz in a replayed game. During the prize ceremony at the end of the tournament, a toast was made to the best player in the world. Steinitz, who was crippled at the time, struggled to rise, but Zukertort was already standing and accepting the accolades. A red-faced Steinitz remained in his seat and was forced to endure the applause. Steinitz would prove the better player in his match with Zukertort three years later, a match which would be heralded as the first official world championship of chess. The fact remains, however, that Zukertort was seen by many at the time of this tournament as the best player in the world and some historians even regard the tournament itself as an unofficial world championship in the tradition of London 1851 and London 1862. The final standings and crosstable: 1st Zukertort 22/26 ** 01 11 11 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 10 11 2nd Steinitz 19/26 10 ** 01 00 11 01 11 00 11 11 11 11 11 11 3rd Blackburne 16½/26 00 10 ** 01 00 10 11 1* ½1 01 11 11 11 11 4th Chigorin 16/26 00 11 10 ** 11 01 01 01 10 10 10 11 10 11 =5th Mackenzie 15½/26 01 00 11 00 ** ½½ 01 01 01 01 11 ½1 11 11 =5th Englisch 15½/26 00 10 01 10 ½½ ** 00 ½1 01 01 11 11 11 11 =5th Mason 15½/26 00 00 00 10 10 11 ** 10 10 11 ½1 11 11 11 8th Rosenthal 14/26 00 11 0* 10 10 ½0 01 ** ½1 10 01 01 11 11 9th Winawer 13/26 00 00 ½0 01 10 10 01 ½0 ** 01 10 11 11 11 10th Bird 12/26 00 00 10 01 10 10 00 01 10 ** 00 11 11 11 11th Noa 9½/26 00 00 00 01 00 00 ½0 10 01 11 ** 01 11 01 12th Sellman 6/26 01 00 00 00 ½0 00 00 10 00 00 10 ** 11 01 =13th Mortimer 3/26 01 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ** 01 =13th Skipworth 3/26 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 10 10 10 ** *This tournament collection could not have been possible without the work of Mark Weeks and others. 242 games, 1883 London 1899 In the late spring of 1899, eighteen of the world's best chess masters were invited to participate in a double round robin tournament in London, England. Among those who attended were the World Champion, Emanuel Lasker, and the former world champion, Wilhelm Steinitz. Of the eighteen invited, Tarrasch declined his invitation, citing his medical practice as the higher priority. Charousek wished to attend but an illness at the time (which later proved fatal) prevented him. Amos Burn, who had agreed to come, left the first day when called away on business. The remaining fifteen players gathered in St. Stephen's Hall, found near the Houses of Parliament and Westminster Aquarium, where their play was dwarfed each day by the towering statues of historic statesmen. The time control for the tournament was set at fifteen moves every hour. Over the course of the tournament, the players were entertained and treated in a number of ways, including exhibitions by the London Chess Club at the Crystal Palace and gatherings at the Star and Garter Hotel in Richmond (a favorite stop over of Charles Dickens). Among the festivities, a banquet was held for the players at the Cafe Monaco on June 29th. The early rounds of the tournament proved surprising as Janowski took off with an early lead of 4 points after the first four rounds, while Lasker, who had dominated at Nuremburg in 1896, held only two points. It was at this point in the tournament that Richard Teichmann had to withdraw due to an eye infection (the same that later left him blind in one eye). His remaining games in the first half were considered lost by forfeit and those games have been excluded from this collection. The tide turned though, as Lasker's loss to Blackburne in the fourth round proved to be his only defeat. He went on to defeat Janowski in their first head-to-head game in the tenth round, and then never gave up the lead for the rest of the tournament. He finished four and a half points ahead of the shared seconds, once more asserting his dominance against the field of candidates vying for his crown. It was also to be an unfortunate landmark for Steinitz, who finished a tournament for the first time in his life without a prize. It was also to be his last for he died in poverty a year later. The final standings and crosstable: 1st Lasker 22½/27 ** 1½ ½1 ½1 ½1 01 11 11 1½ 1½ ½1 11 11 11 1 =2nd Janowski 18/27 0½ ** 10 01 11 1½ 11 ½1 00 11 10 11 01 1½ 1 =2nd Pillsbury 18/27 ½0 01 ** ½½ ½1 00 10 ½½ 11 11 11 11 1½ 11 ½ =2nd Maróczy 18/27 ½0 10 ½½ ** ½½ ½1 01 1½ 10 11 ½1 ½1 1½ 11 1 5th Schlechter 17/27 ½0 00 ½0 ½½ ** 1½ 10 ½1 ½1 0½ 11 11 11 11 1 6th Blackburne 15½/27 10 0½ 11 ½0 0½ ** ½0 01 1½ 01 10 1½ 11 11 ½ 7th Chigorin 15/27 00 00 01 10 01 ½1 ** 1½ 1½ 01 ½1 10 11 10 1 8th Showalter 12½/27 00 ½0 ½½ 0½ ½0 10 0½ ** 0½ 0½ 1½ 11 11 01 1 9th Mason 12/27 0½ 11 00 01 ½0 0½ 0½ 1½ ** 00 01 00 11 ½1 1 =10th Cohn 11½/27 0½ 00 00 00 1½ 10 10 1½ 11 ** 0½ 1½ 10 00 1 =10th Steinitz 11½/27 ½0 01 00 ½0 00 01 ½0 0½ 10 1½ ** ½0 ½1 11 1 12th Lee 9½/27 00 00 00 ½0 00 0½ 01 00 11 0½ ½1 ** ½1 ½½ 1 13th Bird 7/27 00 10 0½ 0½ 00 00 00 00 00 01 ½0 ½0 ** 11 1 14th Tinsley 6/27 00 0½ 00 00 00 00 01 10 ½0 11 00 ½½ 00 ** 0 15th Teichmann 2/14 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 * 186 games, 1899 London 1927 In the fall of 1927, the British Empire Club organized an international Masters tournament to be held in London, England from October 10th to the 24th. The twelve chess masters invited to compete at the event were first served a banquet dinner at the Empire Club in London on October 9th. There the time control for the tournament was announced at 30 moves in two hours followed by 15 moves every hour. The participants were among the strongest assembled at the time. Frank James Marshall, a former contender for the world crown, journeyed from the United States. The great hypermodernists Aron Nimzowitsch, Richard Réti, and Savielly Tartakower were also in attendance. Milan Vidmar and Efim Bogoljubov who were two of the very best chess masters living in Europe were also present. The field was rounded out by the very strong British players and British tournament regulars Edgar Colle, William Winter, George Alan Thomas, Victor Berger, Fredrick D. Yates, and William Fairhurst. The only two noticeable absences from the event were the world champion Jose Raul Capablanca and his rival Alexander Alekhine, both of whom were in Argentina at the time contesting the world crown. Nimzowitsch and Tartakower took joint first after a race that started with Tartakower in the lead with Nimzowitsch catching up in the latter half leaving everyone else by the way side. The best game prize for the tournament went to Nimzowitsch for his win over Yates in the tenth round. The final standings and crosstable: =1st Nimzowitsch 8/11 * 1 0 ½ 1 0 ½ 1 1 1 1 1 =1st Tartakower 8/11 0 * ½ ½ 1 1 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 1 3rd Marshall 7½/11 1 ½ * ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 1 1 ½ ½ 4th Vidmar 7/11 ½ ½ ½ * 1 0 0 1 ½ 1 1 1 5th Bogoljubov 6½/11 0 0 ½ 0 * 1 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 1 =6th Winter 5½/11 1 0 ½ 1 0 * 0 ½ 1 1 ½ 0 =6th Réti 5½/11 ½ 0 ½ 1 0 1 * ½ 0 1 ½ ½ 8th Colle 4½/11 0 ½ 0 0 ½ ½ ½ * 0 ½ 1 1 =9th Thomas 3½/11 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 1 1 * 0 1 0 =9th Berger 3½/11 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 1 * 0 1 =9th Yates 3½/11 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ ½ 0 0 1 * 1 12th Fairhurst 3/11 0 0 ½ 0 0 1 ½ 0 1 0 0 * 66 games, 1927 London 1975 A category VIII round robin chess tournament was held in London, England from August 17th to the 28th, 1975. The field was composed of four grandmasters, Andras Adorjan, Jan Timman, Gyula Sax, and Gudmundur Sigurjonsson, invited to compete with the best and most promising IMs and FMs of Great Britain: Anthony Miles, John Nunn, Jeff Horner, Maxwell Fuller, Michael Basman, Craig Pritchett, and Simon Webb. Miles won the event scoring 3 points against four of the visiting grandmasters. The following year he would become a grandmaster himself, England's first ever. table[ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 Pts. 01 Miles (2435) * 1 0 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 1 1 7.5 02 Adorjan (2515) 0 * 0 ½ 1 ½ 1 1 1 1 1 7.0 03 Timman (2510) 1 1 * ½ 1 1 1 ½ ½ 0 ½ 7.0 04 Sax (2510) 0 ½ ½ * 1 ½ ½ 0 1 1 1 6.0 05 Nunn (2375) ½ 0 0 0 * 1 1 1 0 1 1 5.5 06 Sigurjonsson (2475) 0 ½ 0 ½ 0 * 0 ½ 1 1 1 4.5 07 Pritchett (2390) ½ 0 0 ½ 0 1 * 1 0 ½ 1 4.5 08 Webb (2385) ½ 0 ½ 1 0 ½ 0 * 1 0 1 4.5 09 Horner (2450) 0 0 ½ 0 1 0 1 0 * 1 ½ 4.0 10 Basman (2395) 0 0 1 0 0 0 ½ 1 0 * 1 3.5 11 Fuller (2400) 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 * 1.0 ]table 55 games, 1975 London Phillips & Drew 1980 The Phillips & Drew prestigious 'King's' Tournament held in London, England in 1980 was a category XIII event. Fourteen of the West's strongest players competed in the round robin event, including the most promising of England's chess talent at the time. The competitors were (in order of ELO): Viktor Korchnoi (2695), Florin Gheorghiu (2605), Jan Timman (2600), Ulf Andersson (2590), Bent Larsen (2590), Ljubomir Ljubojevic (2590), Gyula Sax (2570), Anthony Miles (2545), Gennady Sosonko (2545), Walter Shawn Browne (2540), Michael Stean (2530), John Nunn (2515), Jonathan Speelman (2490), and 14 year-old English chess prodigy Nigel Short (2360). The tournament saw a trifecta finish, with Andersson, Korchnoi, and England's own Miles sharing first place with 8.5/13. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 01 Miles 8.5/13 * ½ 1 0 1 ½ 1 ½ 0 1 ½ 1 1 ½ 02 Korchnoi 8.5/13 ½ * ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 1 ½ 1 0 1 1 03 Andersson 8.5/13 0 ½ * ½ 1 ½ 0 ½ ½ 1 1 1 1 1 04 Sosonko 7.5/13 1 ½ ½ * 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ 1 1 1 05 Speelman 7.5/13 0 ½ 0 1 * ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 0 1 ½ 1 06 Timman 7/13 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ * ½ ½ 0 0 1 1 1 ½ 07 Gheorghiu 7/13 0 ½ 1 ½ 0 ½ * ½ ½ ½ 1 1 0 1 08 Ljubojevic 7/13 ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ * 1 1 ½ 0 ½ 1 09 Sax 6.5/13 1 0 ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ 0 * ½ 0 ½ ½ 1 10 Stean 5.5/13 0 ½ 0 1 0 1 ½ 0 ½ * ½ ½ ½ ½ 11 Browne 5.5/13 ½ 0 0 ½ 1 0 0 ½ 1 ½ * 0 ½ 1 12 Larsen 5.5/13 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 ½ ½ 1 * ½ 1 13 Nunn 4.5/13 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ * ½ 14 Short 2/13 ½ 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ * 91 games, 1980 Lviv 2000 The first ever category XVII chess tournament organized in the Ukraine was a Leonid Stein Memorial held in the city of Lviv from May 11th to the 22nd, 2000. Six top grandmasters were invited to compete in the double round robin event. The participants were (in order of ELO): Vassily Ivanchuk (2709), Boris Gelfand (2692), Mikhail Krasenkow (2661), Viktor Korchnoi (2659), Alexander Beliavsky (2640), and Oleg Romanishin (2578). Ivanchuk dominated with +4 in the final, finishing clear first having gone undefeated. The final standings and crosstable are as follows: 1 Ivanchuk 7/10 ** == 1= 1= 11 == 2 Krasenkow 6/10 == ** 0= 1= 1= 1= 3 Beliavsky 5/10 0= 1= ** == == 01 4 Gelfand 4.5/10 0= 0= == ** == =1 5 Korchnoi 4.5/10 00 0= == == ** 11 6 Romanishin 3/10 == 0= 10 =0 00 ** 30 games, 2000

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