hemy: The German invasion of Belgium, in May 1940, interrupted Dyner's chess career, when his family was forced to flee the terror of the Nazis, exchanging hiding places in occupied Europe.The Dyner's family escaped to France, where at the beginning his pregnant wife and two-year-old daughter, Leah hid in a convent and Dyner hid in different places. After a while Dyner returned to his family, and continued with them his escape to Toulouse, in the south of France. When the Germans began sending the Jews of Toulouse to extermination camps, the family fled again to Nice, where they managed to stay for about two years, during which Dyner won the Southern French ("free") chess championship and where his second daughter Miri (Miriam) was born in September 1940.
In November 1942, the Germans occupied the Free Zone and the Italians occupied Nice. Israel's mother, Esther, was deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto, where she was murdered.
Dyner was again forced to separate from his family.
He was sent to a concentration camp. Convinced that he wouldn't survive, he attempted suicide unsuccessfully by cutting his veins, and was eventually released with the help of general Vary, the former governor of southern France.
His wife and two daughters hid for several months in villages in the Alps.
In March 1943, after his third daughter Yehudit (Judit) was born, the Germans occupied Nice, and the Dyner family was forced to hand over their daughters to hide in adoptive families (worthy of the title of Righteous Among the Nations).
In September 1943 after the Germans invaded the free zone of southern France, the family with their two eldest daughters were forced to leave their home and left a baby, several months old Yehudit, hiding in an orphanage (in a convent). The family crossed the border into Switzerland, after a very difficult hike in the mountains, with the help of Italian soldiers. The Dyner family was among the first refugees to cross the border into neutral Switzerland without licenses.
The Dyner family arrived to Lucerne, Switzerland and with the help of a French Zionist organization and French friends located the baby left behind in an orphanage in Nice. In Lucerne the family went through a difficult period of recovery when Dyner's wife (Tamar) became ill, and his two daughters, who suffered from malnutrition and bone softness, were handed over for some time period to the institution.
Despite the family's difficult situation Dyner had some gratification in Lucerne, when the rumor that a Belgian chess champion was in town reached the local chess club. Dyner was "recruited" to strengthen the Lucerne municipal team, and won on April 23, 1944 against the Argau team in a double encounter on 33 boards, which ended in a 29:37 victory for Lucerne. Dyner later won a number of chess competitions throughout Switzerland. A faithful expression of the great appreciation for Dyner's chess skills can be read in the articles of the Swiss newspapers of that period.
In September 1944, after the liberation of Belgium by the Allies, Dyner returned to Belgium, not before moving with his family in Nice to a reunion with the baby who had been left in the orphanage for about a year.
In March 1949, the fourth daughter, Etty, was born, and in September 1949, the Dyner family immigrated to Israel.
Dyner participated in important chess competitions in Israel, including four Israeli championships, was a partner in winning championships and was a member of the Israeli national team. On the eve of the Chess Olympics in Munich in 1958, Israel was determined as the fifth player, but gave up the trip due to his health condition. In 1964, Dyner was included in the coaching team of the Israeli team at the Olympics held in Tel Aviv, during which he hosted Michael Tal, the former world chess champion.
Source: https://www.yadvashem.org/he/holoca...
On the picture taken in Ostende in January 1937 Dyner staying 3rd from right.
(I translated this article from Hebrew. The shorter article is available in English - https://www.yadvashem.org/holocaust...)
The pictures of the Dyner's wedding and other family pictures and many documents as well:
https://www.yadvashem.org/he/rememb...