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Deep Blue (Computer) vs Garry Kasparov
"Tangled Up in Blue" (game of the day Oct-16-2016)
IBM Man-Machine (1997), New York, NY USA, rd 6, May-11
Caro-Kann Defense: Karpov. Modern Variation (B17)  ·  1-0

ANALYSIS [x]

FEN COPIED

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Kibitzer's Corner
< Earlier Kibitzing  · PAGE 13 OF 16 ·  Later Kibitzing>
Aug-30-11  Kittysafe: So many moves in that game make little sense...

Black - move 3, should've moved the knight out instead. White - move 8, takes pawn, Black - does nothing, White castles? White - move 17, sac bishop, Black takes the bait and loses Queen?

Obviously GK was trying to lose this game.

Aug-30-11  Kittysafe: To those saying GK made mistakes, he did not make mistakes, he threw the game, it's obvious every step of the way.

When you look at GK's other games, the man is a concise, precise master. This game is a complete mess, look at black move 11, B5... absolutely ridiculous move. No one would do that. The bishop sac take the bait? Come on, I wouldn't do that when I was 12.

Aug-30-11  TheFocus: Certainly GK threw this game.

He thought he would get a rematch with a bigger paycheck.

Sep-07-11  serenpidity.ejd: How embarassing to lose in only a few moves. To think that he is the world champion. Paging Mr. 'Chess genius' you better explain to your fans how and why it happened. Be quick or else I will switch loyalty to Karpov!
Oct-07-11  BigEasy1203: I'm just can't get on board with the conspiracy stuff when it comes to this match. I don't believe that IBM had the aid of a human GM, and I also don't believe that Kasparov threw this game.

Kasparov had never played an opponent like this. By game 6, he was likely exhausted and just mentally worn down. He was also very frustrated and felt like the computer was playing moves that seemed too human. I think he had a mental lapse and played an incorrect move. Think about it -- at that point, he realized it was going to take magic just to pull out a draw, so he knew he was not going to beat the computer in the match. He played very uninspired from that point.

Oct-07-11  Oxnard: <BigEasy1203> Kasparov has proven time and time again that he doesn't understand how computers play chess. But he should know now in 2011 that computers ARE capable of playing positional chess.
Nov-15-11  whiteshark: Ljubomir Ljubojevic:

< "I do not think that Kasparov's defeat with Deep Blue (Computer) is so vital. He lost to Deep Blue (Computer) because he entered into a fight against a very powerful machine which had not been used like this before. Chess is a mathematically limited game and that automatically gives an advantage to the computer. Quite simply, I think that the game of chess has been EXHAUSTED and that it is near its end." >

Nov-15-11  AnalyzeThis: The Petrov was probably the right choice for this game.
Nov-29-11
Premium Chessgames Member
  Penguincw: Too much pressure on black.
Feb-04-12  Mozart72: Opening ends with 9....fxe6. Middlegame starts with 10.Bg6+. Endgame begins with 15.... cxb5.
Jul-11-12  nowo: <Kittysafe> When you wrote <Blue throws the bishop out as bait and Kasparov just takes it? Really? Was he awake for this game?> Bait? Wasn't 17...exf5 the best move in an already lost position? GK got beat - that's all. Even the greatest players lose occasionally - only not as often as other players...
Aug-07-12
Premium Chessgames Member
  Troller: <Mozart72: Opening ends with 9....fxe6. Middlegame starts with 10.Bg6+. Endgame begins with 15.... cxb5.>

??

Sep-30-12
Premium Chessgames Member
  Jonathan Sarfati: GM Joel Benjamin, who was on the Deep Blue advisory team, gave a lecture Sunshine Coast (Australia) in 1998/9 on Kasparov v Deep Blue. He argued that Kasparov lost precisely because he had a stereotyped view on what an "anti-computer" system should be. But by doing so, he abandoned his own strengths, and the computer could cope. In this game, he thought that Kasparov counted on a "materialistic" computer regaining a ♙ by ♖e1 and ♕xe6, which any human knows would lose by swapping off the vital attacking ♕. Later on, he was counting on ♗f5 }earlier than actually played since this would also "win material" but exchange many attacking pieces. ♗ut the computer opened ♗lack's }♕-side first.
Mar-06-13  copablanco: Computer chess programs have no foresight.
Chess programers replaced that with an evaluation function which in computer jargon is called heuristics. That is why early chess programs were mediocre giving higher priority in grabbing loose pieces or inadequately defended ones. Foresight in more advance programs --is basically
more memory .A database complete with all textbook openings. An array of encyclopedic possibilities which is beyond what most humans could remember.
Mar-06-13  copablanco: A number of people are under the myth that a chess program like Houdini can evaluate better than a human chessmaster . That view is incorrect .It can evaluate faster, but not necessarily better.
May-11-13
Premium Chessgames Member
  offramp: May 11th, 1997. Sixteen years ago today. Kasparov lost 2-1, but since then we've seen Mickey Adams lose 5-0.

But we've also seen Nakamura giving computers some major kick-boxing lessons. So it's not all one way traffic.

May-11-13
Premium Chessgames Member
  AylerKupp: <copablanco> I do not know what you mean by "foresight". Foresight is usually defined as the ability to look forward and the chess engine does this by creating a tree of possible moves at ever increasing depth, evaluating the position after each of those moves, and selecting as its next move the move whose line provides the highest evaluation. This is what most chess engines have done since their inception, as describe by Shannon in his 1949 paper, "Programming a Computer for Playing Chess". See http://vision.unipv.it/IA1/Programm.... So increasing "foresight" is strictly a matter of searching deeper in the available time to make a move, something that can be accomplished by more capable hardware (brute forth) or more sophisticated (computer jargon for "clever") algorithms, or both.

And evaluation functions have also been around since the beginning, see Shannon's paper also. The reason that computers played so poorly initially was that their evaluation functions were very primitive, often consisting only of evaluating material, because of the low speed of computers at the time, as well as the limited searching possible for the same reason. Today's much more powerful computers can afford much more sophisticated evaluation functions as well as much deeper searches, so they play better.

This is usually considered different than heuristics, although you could say that evaluation functions are a form of heuristics (computer jargon for "guesses"). More typical are the heuristics used to prune the search tree, such as first evaluating moves that have led to higher position evaluations in previous searches first. There is no guarantee that a heuristic will yield the best result, as contrast to an algorithm such as the minimax or alpha-beta pruning which will give the best result each time by a specific set of calculations.

All this has nothing to do with memory. Computer chess playing algorithms are very efficient in their use of memory so very good play can be achieved with relatively little memory. Even the use of opening books does not require much memory; they are typically stored on disk and searched when needed, and the disk storage required is not all that great. The main exception is hash tables which allow the chess engine to reduce the number of position evaluations that it needs to do by storing the evaluation of previously encountered positions. If the same position occurs later in the search, it does not need to be re-evaluated.

But you're right that a chess engine will not necessarily evaluate better than a human chessmaster, again depending on what you mean by "better". It can certainly evaluate faster and consider more move possibilities, and this allows it to often find moves that a human will not find because, with our limited evaluation capabilities, we are unable to look for them. And, of course, a lot depends on the quality of the chess engine's evaluation function.

May-11-13
Premium Chessgames Member
  AylerKupp: <offramp> True, Nakamura has been able to give computer some major kick-boxing lessons by exploiting some well-known limitations of computer chess engines. But these have occurred at blitz when the computer did not have much time per move and so its ability to search was limited to very low ply. I doubt that Nakamura, or any other grandmaster or team of grandmasters could defeat today's more powerful engines at regular time controls running on reasonably powerful hardware.

And, of course, the Nakamura vs. computer games that are publicized are usually the games that Nakamura (or any other grandmaster) wins. Kind of the "man bites dog" situation. Seldom seen are the 99% of games that Nakamura lost. And I picked that number arbitrarily, I don't know the actual percentage of games that Nakamura lost when playing against a computer, but it was the greater majority.

May-29-13  Guitar1352: I agree with KittySafe. Garry deliberately wanted to lose this game. Besides, who knows? Maybe his nerves got the better of him?

Anyway, Deep Blue cheated to win him because it had to be upgraded for this match, so technically IBM had to cheat Garry in order to win him!

And whoever says Garry shouldn't have taken the baited Bishop, you are all wrong. According to Critter AND Stockfish, it was the correct move, but he should have taken the rook with the D5 Knight instead of the F8 Bishop.

I don't care what anybody says, Garry Kasparov will forever(!!) be one of the greatest chess players ever!

May-29-13
Premium Chessgames Member
  perfidious: <Guitar1352>: That's a powerful set of accusations there: first your hero Kasparov 'wanted to lose', then Deep Blue et al 'cheated'.
May-29-13  Just Another Master: one game...lets not end the chess world
May-29-13  KlingonBorgTatar: And the chess world is poorer since the rematch Garry K asked for somewhat did not materialize.
Jun-30-13  HeadCrunch: I was beaten by my chess computer once as it was no match for me at kick boxing.
Jul-10-13  Wyatt Gwyon: Amazing that so many think Kasparov threw this game.
Jul-11-13  RookFile: He gambled on the computer not knowing what to do in the opening. Who knows, maybe the wrong moves would have been in it's opening database? If he had to do it all over again, he might have preferred the Petrov, and offered a draw around move 25 or so. The IBM team probably would have accepted it.
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