chessgames.com
Members · Prefs · Laboratory · Collections · Openings · Endgames · Sacrifices · History · Search Kibitzing · Kibitzer's Café · Chessforums · Tournament Index · Players · Kibitzing

The Turk (Automaton)

Number of games in database: 21
Years covered: 1809 to 1859
Overall record: +15 -4 =2 (76.2%)*
   * Overall winning percentage = (wins+draws/2) / total games.

Repertoire Explorer
Most played openings
000 Chess variants (14 games)
C00 French Defense (2 games)


Search Sacrifice Explorer for The Turk (Automaton)
Search Google for The Turk (Automaton)

THE TURK (AUTOMATON)
(born 1769, died 1854, 85 years old) Hungary

[what is this?]

The Turk was designed by Hungarian engineer and inventor Baron Wolfgang von Kempelen in 1769. It was billed as a "chess playing automaton" capable of beating even the strongest challengers. During a performance, the showman would open two cabinets to display a large empty space, and then a third cabinet to display an area of tightly packed machinery, presumably the "brains" of the contraption. The secret of this hoax was that a normal sized man could recline within the machine, and remain unseen by the audience by repositioning himself during the initial display of the device's interior.

Its first performance was for the Habsburg Court in Vienna in 1770. It was exhibited thereafter although somewhat intermittently for the next 84 years.

After von Kempelen's death in 1804, the Turk was purchased by Bavarian showman Johann Nepomuk Maelzel. In 1809 during the Wagram campaign Napoleon Bonaparte played against it in Vienna. For a period it was in the private collection of Prince Eugene de Beauharnais but Maelzel acquired it again in 1817.

Further exhibitions followed but in 1837 both Maelzel and the Turks operator, Schlumberger (who was the tutor of Pierre Charles Fournier de Saint Amant) died from Yellow fever while returning to the USA from Havana. The Turk ended its days in the Chinese Museum in Philadelphia where it was destroyed by a fire in 1854.

The two other famous chess automatons built subsequently were Ajeeb (Automaton) and Mephisto (Automaton).

Wikipedia article: Mechanical Turk

Last updated: 2021-08-23 09:00:35

Try our new games table.

 page 1 of 1; 21 games  PGN Download 
Game  ResultMoves YearEvent/LocaleOpening
1. Napoleon Bonaparte vs The Turk 0-1241809Schoenbrunn Palace ExhibitionC20 King's Pawn Game
2. The Turk vs NN 1-0311818Exhibition gameC33 King's Gambit Accepted
3. Brandreth vs The Turk  0-1191819London exhibithion000 Chess variants
4. Cochrane vs The Turk  0-1221819London exhibithion000 Chess variants
5. Cochrane vs The Turk  0-1341820London exhibithion000 Chess variants
6. Lomax vs The Turk  0-1221820Turk Exhibition000 Chess variants
7. B Keen vs The Turk  1-0171820Turk Exhibition000 Chess variants
8. B Keen vs The Turk  0-1311820Exhibition game000 Chess variants
9. F Mercier vs The Turk  0-1251820Exhibition game000 Chess variants
10. Hubbard vs The Turk  0-1311820Casual Game, Odds Pf7, London000 Chess variants
11. Hubbard vs The Turk  0-1251820Casual Game, Odds Pf7, London000 Chess variants
12. Hubbard vs The Turk 1-0381820Casual Game, Odds Pf7, London000 Chess variants
13. Hook vs The Turk 0-1321820Odds game000 Chess variants
14. Sturmer vs The Turk 0-1201820The Turk Show in London000 Chess variants
15. Cochrane vs The Turk 1-0301820London000 Chess variants
16. Strickland vs The Turk 0-1381820London Exhibition000 Chess variants
17. C Vezin vs The Turk ½-½571827friendlyC00 French Defense
18. Mrs. Fisher vs The Turk 1-0411827ExhibitionC00 French Defense
19. The Turk vs A Zerega 1-0351845Private ExhibitionC42 Petrov Defense
20. The Turk vs C Stanley ½-½401845Private ExhibitionC38 King's Gambit Accepted
21. The Turk vs S Heilbuth  1-0361859Turk ExhibitionC70 Ruy Lopez
 page 1 of 1; 21 games  PGN Download 
  REFINE SEARCH:   White wins (1-0) | Black wins (0-1) | Draws (1/2-1/2) | The Turk wins | The Turk loses  

Kibitzer's Corner
< Earlier Kibitzing  · PAGE 3 OF 7 ·  Later Kibitzing>
Mar-27-06  jackmandoo: I wish I would have lived during the times of the Turk, chess back then was so rich and still mysterious. Damn you Computa!!!
Mar-27-06  Chess Classics: <SBC> Interesting, thanks.

Regards,
CC

Mar-28-06  jackmandoo: I bet one drawback from operating "The Turk" is a little thing called "box stench."
Mar-28-06  Holden: <SBC> Great post. I read Poe's dissertation on the Turk simply because I was a Poe fan, long before I got into chess.
Mar-29-06  orio24: <turkishgrandmaster> It was called the Turk, because the figurine was dressed in the turkish clothes, and I believe it also had a turkish pipe or something like that. Why the creator chosen to dress it like Turk? I don't know. It might have been a good marketing move for those times. :)
Mar-29-06  LoFarkas: From Poe: "The Automaton does not invariably win the game. Were the machine a pure machine this would not be the case--it would always win. The principle being discovered by which a machine can be made to play a game of chess, an extension of the same principle would enable it to win a game--a farther extension would enable it to win all games--that is, to beat any possible game of an antagonist. A little consideration will convince any one that the difficulty of making a machine beat all games, Is not in the least degree greater, as regards the principle of the operations necessary, than that of making it beat a single game"

Early chess engine programmers might have murmured a swear or two under their breath when they read this...

Mar-29-06  SBC: .

<orio24>

In 1769-70 the idea of "Oriental" (or in this case Turkish which was considered Oriental) evoked exotic and mysterious images. I think "good marketing" is as good a way as any to look at it. And, yes, the Turk, at least Kempelen's Turk (as opposed to Maelzel's - same Turk, but with different accoutrements), brandished a very long pipe.

Even in the 18th century, Dr. Silas Weir Mitchell, the son of the man (Dr. John Kearsley Mitchell) who headed a group that bought the Turk after Maelzel's death mentioned how, after having seen the automaton a few times as a child (long before his father bought him) "the Turk, with his Oriental silence and rolling eyes, would haunt your nightly visions for many an evening thereafter."

.

Apr-19-06  hidude: this thing is smart
Jul-14-06  iWaNnAbAgM: I still don't know how this thing works??Can anyone help me?
Jul-14-06  RookFile: Lol, they had a small person hidden inside this contraption. The presenter would open doors, one at a time, to show people a bunch of wires and gears, but the person could move around to unseen areas while he was doing this.
Jul-14-06  SBC: <RookFile>

<they had a small person hidden inside this contraption>

Not necessarily. The last real operator and the almost exclusive operator of Maelzel's Turk in America was Guillaume (or William) Schlumberger.

"Schlumberger was a tall man of over 6 feet with a large, muscular, well-proportioned figure. He had a finely shaped head with dark brow hair and chestnut eyes."

You can read about Schlumberger, and some about the Turk, here: http://batgirl.atspace.com/Mulhouse...

Boncourt was also over 6' tall
http://batgirl.atspace.com/embellis...

A list of automaton operators can be seen here: http://batgirl.atspace.com/Director...

Aug-11-06  Knight13: This automation is fake. You know it, we know it, everyone knows it... No electricity was invented/discovered back then!
Aug-11-06  homedepotov: Dunno. People may have been harnessing electricity 2,000 years ago. Here's some info on the so-called "Baghdad Battery."

In 1936, while excavating ruins of a 2000-year-old village near Baghdad, workers discovered a mysterious small vase. A 6-inch-high pot of bright yellow clay dating back two millennia contained a cylinder of sheet-copper 5 inches by 1.5 inches. The edge of the copper cylinder was soldered with a 60-40 lead-tin alloy comparable to today's solder. The bottom of the cylinder was capped with a crimped-in copper disk and sealed with bitumen or asphalt. Another insulating layer of asphalt sealed the top and also held in place an iron rod suspended into the center of the copper cylinder. The rod showed evidence of having been corroded with an acidic agent.

German archaeologist , Wilhelm Konig, examined the object and came to a surprising conclusion that the clay pot was nothing less than an ancient electric battery.

Aug-11-06  TheSlid: <homedepotov> I don't suppose that actually making a battery was beyond the technology then. Do we know of any practical use it might have been put to, in those times, (other than the powering of early chess automata, of course?
Aug-11-06  Vollmer: It seems the men of the 1800's had a special gift of seeing the future without realizing it ....Poe's dissertation is quite a good read , thanks .
Aug-11-06  Knight13: <homedepotov> Seems like people 2,000 years ago was REALLY STUPID, then. When electricity came to our world a while back, people started taking advantage of it to make great inventions. And those 2,000 year old dudes does nothing and keeps on with the "oil lamps" and "dark nights"? What are you trying to prove?
Aug-11-06  Vollmer: What would one use DC current for in the distant past ? With no apparent use we could consider amusement by sparks or perhaps an unpleasant form of information extraction from captives . I wonder how many volts such a battery could generate . It seems this was kept as a secret ...no other examples found throughout the area .
Aug-11-06  Vollmer: Knight13 you might also be surprised to learn that the Egyptians invented a crude steam 'engine' and that also was neglected for many years .
Aug-11-06  homedepotov: <TheSlid> It has been theorized that they were used to silver electroplate copper vases since such vases have actually been found. <Knight13> I am trying to show that ancient dudes may have harnessed small amounts of electricity. Ancient people were actually more technologically advanced than we have thought.
Aug-12-06  TheSlid: <homedepotov> Good call - I remember doing electro-copper plating as a boy, now you mention it. Sounds very plausible indeed.
Aug-12-06  Karpova: <TheSlid: <homedepotov> Good call - I remember doing electro-copper plating as a boy, now you mention it. Sounds very plausible indeed.>

A boy called Sandy?

Aug-12-06  Knight13: <homedepotov> But that's not the "real" electricity we use today, right? I can scratch something or do something with two items and make electricity...
Aug-12-06  homedepotov: <Knight13> To paraphrase Gertrude Stein "Electricity is electricity is electricity." It's just that it's only relatively recently in world history that we've been able to produce AC and much higher wattages, voltages and amps. For sure people have been shocked by static electricity for millions of years but harnessing it for useful purposes was the breakthrough that allowed modern industrialized society to develop.
Aug-15-06  TheSlid: <Karpova> Yes indeed - I was a boy called Sandy. So too many other boys with Scottish parents - not that unusual. Better than being "a boy called Sue" - a somewhat mediocre effort from country & western singer Johnny Cash
Aug-27-06  Karpova: <TheSlid>, John Wayne's real name was Marion. And Peter Leko 's forename is indeed Sissy.
Jump to page #    (enter # from 1 to 7)
search thread:   
< Earlier Kibitzing  · PAGE 3 OF 7 ·  Later Kibitzing>

NOTE: Create an account today to post replies and access other powerful features which are available only to registered users. Becoming a member is free, anonymous, and takes less than 1 minute! If you already have a username, then simply login login under your username now to join the discussion.

Please observe our posting guidelines:

  1. No obscene, racist, sexist, or profane language.
  2. No spamming, advertising, duplicate, or gibberish posts.
  3. No vitriolic or systematic personal attacks against other members.
  4. Nothing in violation of United States law.
  5. No cyberstalking or malicious posting of negative or private information (doxing/doxxing) of members.
  6. No trolling.
  7. The use of "sock puppet" accounts to circumvent disciplinary action taken by moderators, create a false impression of consensus or support, or stage conversations, is prohibited.
  8. Do not degrade Chessgames or any of it's staff/volunteers.

Please try to maintain a semblance of civility at all times.

Blow the Whistle

See something that violates our rules? Blow the whistle and inform a moderator.


NOTE: Please keep all discussion on-topic. This forum is for this specific player only. To discuss chess or this site in general, visit the Kibitzer's Café.

Messages posted by Chessgames members do not necessarily represent the views of Chessgames.com, its employees, or sponsors.
All moderator actions taken are ultimately at the sole discretion of the administration.

Spot an error? Please suggest your correction and help us eliminate database mistakes!
Home | About | Login | Logout | F.A.Q. | Profile | Preferences | Premium Membership | Kibitzer's Café | Biographer's Bistro | New Kibitzing | Chessforums | Tournament Index | Player Directory | Notable Games | World Chess Championships | Opening Explorer | Guess the Move | Game Collections | ChessBookie Game | Chessgames Challenge | Store | Privacy Notice | Contact Us

Copyright 2001-2025, Chessgames Services LLC