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Cleveland 1871
Compiled by crawfb5
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The 2nd American Chess Congress was held at the Kennard House (http://images.ulib.csuohio.edu/cdm4...) in Cleveland, 5-15 Dec 1871. Two decisive games (+2, -2, or +1 -1) were required against each opponent. There were 67 total games.

No dates or round numbers were given in the tournament book. Players were responsible for playing from 9-12 AM, 2-5 PM, and 7-10 PM each day, but may have been able to arrange their own sequence of opponents. Games are arranged in the same sequence used in the tournament book.

THE PLAYERS

George Mackenzie -- Mackenzie led an interesting life away from the chessboard (http://www.chessarch.com/excavation...). After he resigned his commission in the British army but before he moved to the United States, Mackenzie lost a match to George MacDonnell (+4 -7 =2) and won a second (+6 -3 =2). He moved to the US in 1863 and joined the Union army twice. His Civil War service as captain was with the 10th Regiment of the United States Colored Troops (Infantry), Company I. I <think> his earlier service as a private was with the 162nd NY Infantry, Company G, but I am not completely certain of that. Mackenzie's most impressive results still awaited him, but Cleveland 1871 was the start of a string of domestic successes.

Frederick Elder -- We only know of two important tournaments in which Elder played: Cleveland 1871 and Chicago 1874. The Edo historical rating estimates Elder as in the 2300s based on these games (http://www.edochess.ca/players/p317...).

Henry Hosmer -- We only know of two important tournaments in which Hosmer played: Cleveland 1871 and Chicago 1874. Nevertheless, Hosmer was considered one of the (if not <the>) strongest player in the western US (http://www.chesscafe.com/text/spinr...). The year before Cleveland he won a casual 3-game match against Judd. The Edo historical rating estimates Hosmer as approximately 2500 based on these games (http://www.edochess.ca/players/p316...).

Max Judd -- Born Maximilian Judkiewicz near Cracow, Judd moved to the US at the age of 11 and lived in various areas of the midwest before settling in St. Louis. Judd finished tied for third in the Michigan state championship the year before the congress at Cleveland. Later in life Judd became a successful businessman and served for a time as Consul General to Austria. He was also a chess patron, contributing to and helping organize various events. He later won matches against Albert Hodges (1887, +5 -2 =2) and Jackson Showalter (1890, +7 -3 =0), while losing matches to Mackenzie (1881, +5 - 7 =3), Showalter (1892, +4 -7 =3) and Harry Pillsbury (1899, +1 -4 =0).

Preston Ware -- Ware was perhaps best known for advocating and playing unusual openings. He achieved some infamy later when he came forward at the end of the <fifth> American Chess Congress in New York 1880 to claim that Grundy had reneged on an agreement to play for a draw in the last round (P Ware vs J Grundy, 1880). The basic details are laid out in the official tournament book and as the charges could not be proven to the committee's satisfaction, no action was taken at the time. Jeremy Spinrad wrote a two-part article on the scandal (http://www.chesscafe.com/text/spinr...) and (http://www.chesscafe.com/text/spinr...).

Harsen Smith -- Harsen D. Smith was from Michigan and played two matches against Judd in 1870 while Judd lived in Michigan, drawing one (+3 -3 =2) and losing the other, 2-6 (http://www.chesscafe.com/text/spinr...).

Henry Harding -- Cleveland 1871 is the only known important tournament for Harding. Harding was another Michigan player.

Arthur Johnston -- Cleveland 1871 is the only known important tournament for Johnston, who was listed as from across the state in Cincinnati.

William Haughton -- We know very little about our tailender other than he was from Chicago. He played only some of his games, and lost those. There is even some discrepancy over the spelling of his name, with <Houghton> used in the crosstable and in the list of competitors while <Haughton> was used in all the game scores in the tournament book.

THE CROSSTABLE

Mack Elde Hosm Judd Ware Smit Hard John Haug Mackenzie XXXX =10X 1=0- 11-- 11-- 11-- 1=1- 11-- 11-- 15.5/19 Elder =01- XXXX 00-- 01-- ==01 11-- 11-- 11-- 11-- 12.5/19 Hosmer 0=1- 11-- XXXX 1=1- 00-- 01-- 1--- 11-- 11-- 12.0/17 Judd 00-- 10-- 0=0- XXXX 11-- 10-- =11- =11- ---- 9.5/17 Ware 00-- ==10 11-- 00-- XXXX 01-- 10-- 11-- ---- 8.0/16 Smith 00-- 00-- 10-- 01-- 10-- XXXX 11-- 11-- ---- 7.0/14 Harding 0=0- 00-- 0--- =00- 01-- 00-- XXXX ---- ---- 2.0/13 Johnston 00-- 00-- 00-- =00- 00-- 00-- ---- XXXX ---- 0.5/13 Haughton 00-- 00-- 00-- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- XXXX 0.0/6

THE RACE

There is one report by the <Westminster Papers> (http://books.google.com/books?id=Jj...) that Hosmer won his two games against Judd on the last day of the tournament to secure second place (thanks to <PhonyBenoni> for the link!), but no other similar information seems to be available for the other games. Mackenzie had a fairly easy time of it, winning both games against everyone but Hosmer and Elder, and he had an even score against both of them. Hosmer lost three additional games, one to Smith and both games against Ware. Elder lost four additional games, one to Ware, one to Judd, and lost both games to Hosmer. Judd lost both games to Mackenzie and Hosmer, and one each to Elder and Smith.

Mackenzie vs H Hosmer, 1871 
(C77) Ruy Lopez, 15 moves, 1-0

H Hosmer vs Mackenzie, 1871 
(C38) King's Gambit Accepted, 49 moves, 1/2-1/2

Mackenzie vs H Hosmer, 1871
(C15) French, Winawer, 60 moves, 0-1

F Elder vs Mackenzie, 1871
(A83) Dutch, Staunton Gambit, 75 moves, 1/2-1/2

Mackenzie vs F Elder, 1871 
(C77) Ruy Lopez, 19 moves, 1-0

F Elder vs Mackenzie, 1871
(A84) Dutch, 25 moves, 1-0

Mackenzie vs M Judd, 1871 
(C77) Ruy Lopez, 63 moves, 1-0

M Judd vs Mackenzie, 1871 
(C65) Ruy Lopez, Berlin Defense, 49 moves, 0-1

P Ware vs Mackenzie, 1871
(A80) Dutch, 44 moves, 0-1

Mackenzie vs H D Smith, 1871 
(C28) Vienna Game, 22 moves, 1-0

H D Smith vs Mackenzie, 1871 
(C67) Ruy Lopez, 20 moves, 0-1

H Harding vs Mackenzie, 1871 
(A20) English, 34 moves, 0-1

Mackenzie vs H Harding, 1871
(C45) Scotch Game, 39 moves, 1/2-1/2

H Harding vs Mackenzie, 1871
(A20) English, 35 moves, 0-1

A Johnston vs Mackenzie, 1871
(A10) English, 31 moves, 0-1

Mackenzie vs A Johnston, 1871
(C27) Vienna Game, 23 moves, 1-0

Mackenzie vs P Ware, 1871 
(C01) French, Exchange, 20 moves, 1-0

Mackenzie vs W Haughton, 1871 
(C28) Vienna Game, 22 moves, 1-0

W Haughton vs Mackenzie, 1871
(C52) Evans Gambit, 29 moves, 0-1

F Elder vs H Hosmer, 1871 
(A03) Bird's Opening, 57 moves, 0-1

H Hosmer vs F Elder, 1871
(C67) Ruy Lopez, 31 moves, 1-0

M Judd vs H Hosmer, 1871
(B45) Sicilian, Taimanov, 72 moves, 0-1

H Hosmer vs M Judd, 1871
(C77) Ruy Lopez, 38 moves, 1/2-1/2

M Judd vs H Hosmer, 1871 
(B40) Sicilian, 39 moves, 0-1

P Ware vs H Hosmer, 1871
(A80) Dutch, 43 moves, 1-0

H Hosmer vs P Ware, 1871
(C51) Evans Gambit, 44 moves, 0-1

H Hosmer vs H D Smith, 1871
(C44) King's Pawn Game, 52 moves, 0-1

H D Smith vs H Hosmer, 1871
(B40) Sicilian, 52 moves, 0-1

H Harding vs H Hosmer, 1871 
(A20) English, 17 moves, 0-1

A Johnston vs H Hosmer, 1871 
(C44) King's Pawn Game, 28 moves, 0-1

H Hosmer vs A Johnston, 1871 
(C01) French, Exchange, 20 moves, 1-0

W Haughton vs H Hosmer, 1871 
(C41) Philidor Defense, 59 moves, 0-1

H Hosmer vs W Haughton, 1871 
(C33) King's Gambit Accepted, 24 moves, 1-0

M Judd vs F Elder, 1871
(C01) French, Exchange, 26 moves, 1-0

F Elder vs M Judd, 1871
(C77) Ruy Lopez, 28 moves, 1-0

P Ware vs F Elder, 1871
(A80) Dutch, 34 moves, 1/2-1/2

F Elder vs P Ware, 1871
(C62) Ruy Lopez, Old Steinitz Defense, 44 moves, 1/2-1/2

P Ware vs F Elder, 1871
(D32) Queen's Gambit Declined, Tarrasch, 38 moves, 1-0

F Elder vs P Ware, 1871
(C41) Philidor Defense, 59 moves, 1-0

F Elder vs H D Smith, 1871 
(A22) English, 17 moves, 1-0

H D Smith vs F Elder, 1871
(C46) Three Knights, 27 moves, 0-1

F Elder vs H Harding, 1871 
(C70) Ruy Lopez, 21 moves, 1-0

H Harding vs F Elder, 1871
(A30) English, Symmetrical, 35 moves, 0-1

A Johnston vs F Elder, 1871
(C65) Ruy Lopez, Berlin Defense, 55 moves, 0-1

F Elder vs A Johnston, 1871
(C77) Ruy Lopez, 30 moves, 1-0

W Haughton vs F Elder, 1871 
(C51) Evans Gambit, 22 moves, 0-1

F Elder vs W Haughton, 1871
(C70) Ruy Lopez, 36 moves, 1-0

M Judd vs P Ware, 1871
(C01) French, Exchange, 47 moves, 1-0

P Ware vs M Judd, 1871 
(D30) Queen's Gambit Declined, 66 moves, 0-1

M Judd vs H D Smith, 1871
(C45) Scotch Game, 53 moves, 1-0

H D Smith vs M Judd, 1871
(B40) Sicilian, 39 moves, 1-0

M Judd vs H Harding, 1871
(C70) Ruy Lopez, 39 moves, 1/2-1/2

H Harding vs M Judd, 1871 
(A28) English, 19 moves, 0-1

M Judd vs H Harding, 1871 
(C70) Ruy Lopez, 28 moves, 1-0

A Johnston vs M Judd, 1871
(A20) English, 39 moves, 1/2-1/2

M Judd vs A Johnston, 1871 
(C78) Ruy Lopez, 74 moves, 1-0

A Johnston vs M Judd, 1871
(B21) Sicilian, 2.f4 and 2.d4, 24 moves, 0-1

H D Smith vs P Ware, 1871 
(B32) Sicilian, 43 moves, 1-0

P Ware vs H D Smith, 1871 
(A02) Bird's Opening, 33 moves, 1-0

P Ware vs H Harding, 1871 
(A80) Dutch, 44 moves, 1-0

H Harding vs P Ware, 1871
(D00) Queen's Pawn Game, 44 moves, 1-0

A Johnston vs P Ware, 1871 
(C41) Philidor Defense, 21 moves, 0-1

P Ware vs A Johnston, 1871
(A80) Dutch, 52 moves, 1-0

H Harding vs H D Smith, 1871 
(A20) English, 38 moves, 0-1

H D Smith vs H Harding, 1871
(C70) Ruy Lopez, 55 moves, 1-0

A Johnston vs H D Smith, 1871
(C44) King's Pawn Game, 35 moves, 0-1

H D Smith vs A Johnston, 1871
(C66) Ruy Lopez, 24 moves, 1-0

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