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Three Knights (C46)
1 e4 e5 2 Nf3 Nc6 3 Nc3

Number of games in database: 3521
Years covered: 1836 to 2025
Overall record:
   White wins 39.2%
   Black wins 33.3%
   Draws 27.5%

Popularity graph, by decade

Explore this opening  |  Search for sacrifices in this opening.
PRACTITIONERS
With the White Pieces With the Black Pieces
Igor Glek  51 games
Grigor Minchev  26 games
Joseph Blackburne  21 games
Oleg Romanishin  20 games
Wilhelm Steinitz  16 games
Paul Keres  15 games
NOTABLE GAMES [what is this?]
White Wins Black Wins
Capablanca vs E B Adams, 1909
Blackburne vs Steinitz, 1883
W Pollock vs E Hall, 1890
S Rosenthal vs Steinitz, 1873
N Kosolapov vs R Nezhmetdinov, 1936
J M de Oliveira Gomes vs J C Gentil Netto, 1942
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 page 1 of 141; games 1-25 of 3,521  PGN Download
Game  ResultMoves YearEvent/LocaleOpening
1. von der Lasa vs H Seligo  1-0411836BerlinC46 Three Knights
2. Staunton vs Cochrane 0-1291842Casual gameC46 Three Knights
3. F Deacon vs Moyart  1-0291852Simul, 3bC46 Three Knights
4. Staunton vs von der Lasa 0-1471853Staunton - von der Lasa Casual SeriesC46 Three Knights
5. Paulsen vs Morphy 0-1231857Blindfold simul, 4bC46 Three Knights
6. Paulsen vs Morphy 1-03418571st American Chess Congress, New YorkC46 Three Knights
7. B Horne vs J Kling  1-0421860Kling Simul, 4b CambridgeC46 Three Knights
8. Arnhem vs Leiden 1-0411862City MatchC46 Three Knights
9. S Green vs G Lyttelton  ½-½371862B.C.A. Handicap tC46 Three Knights
10. Paulsen vs Anderssen 1-0351870Baden-Baden mC46 Three Knights
11. Paulsen vs Anderssen ½-½561870Baden-Baden mC46 Three Knights
12. Paulsen vs Steinitz 0-1371870Baden-BadenC46 Three Knights
13. S Rosenthal vs J Wisker 0-1461870Rosenthal - Wisker 1870/71C46 Three Knights
14. Paulsen vs J Minckwitz  ½-½291871WSB-09.Kongress playoff-1plC46 Three Knights
15. A Skipworth vs J Burt 1-0171871Challenge CupC46 Three Knights
16. A Skipworth vs C Ranken  1-0201871Challenge CupC46 Three Knights
17. General Mikhailov vs F Amelung  ½-½521871St. PetersburgC46 Three Knights
18. H Smith vs F Elder 0-12718712nd American Chess Congress, ClevelandC46 Three Knights
19. B Whitefoord vs A Hayes 1-04518731st Oxford - Cambridge Varsity mC46 Three Knights
20. S Rosenthal vs M Fleissig 1-0181873ViennaC46 Three Knights
21. J Heral vs O Gelbfuhs 0-1431873ViennaC46 Three Knights
22. S Rosenthal vs Steinitz 0-1381873ViennaC46 Three Knights
23. J Heral vs P Meitner 0-1231873ViennaC46 Three Knights
24. Blackburne vs P Meitner 1-0321873ViennaC46 Three Knights
25. A Schwarz vs Bird 0-1471873ViennaC46 Three Knights
 page 1 of 141; games 1-25 of 3,521  PGN Download
  REFINE SEARCH:   White wins (1-0) | Black wins (0-1) | Draws (1/2-1/2)  

Kibitzer's Corner
< Earlier Kibitzing  · PAGE 3 OF 3 ·  Later Kibitzing>
Nov-18-04  Swapmeet: Anyone play or have an opinion on the 3. ... g6 line? According to the explorer its the second most played response to Nc3. I always play this line but lately I seem to be having trouble with it, because when white eventually plays Bg5 it seems very strong.
Apr-16-05  chessnewbie: What do you guys think of the Halloween Attack?
Oct-31-05  visceral infestation: Halloween attack is solving many problems for me. I use Nc3 to start and come across a similar position often. I'm not sure how sound the attack is, but at least it has some flare.
May-19-06  Kwesi: Apparently, a refutation of the Halloween attack is (from above position) 3...Nf6 4.Nxe5 Nxe5 5.d4 Nc6 6.d5 Bb4! 7.dxc6 Nxe4 8.Qd4 Qe7
May-19-06  borisbadenoff: <Kwesi> You're pretty quick a saying that.

Where is the refutation here?
I just play on with 9. Be3

May-19-06  ganstaman: I don't know, I've played the Halloween Gambit for a while. To me, it seems that black wins as long as he doesn't blunder away his extra piece. Otherwise, I think he can hold on to it and win an easy game once white's attack dies down. As white, the variation I hate the most is 4. Nxe5 Nxe5 5. d4 Ng6 6. e5 Ng8 etc. White then plays Qf3 and Bc4, but nothing really comes of it. Black just plays ...d5 and ...Be6, if memory serves me correctly. There's really no reason not to fully accept the gambit unless you are that unsure of your defensive play (but then you probably never stood much chance to begin with -- believe in yourself!).
May-21-06
Premium Chessgames Member
  WTHarvey: Here are 10 puzzles from Three Knights Game miniatures: http://www.wtharvey.com/c46.html What's the best move?
Sep-04-06  Robin01: After the following line, 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 Bc5, white played g3. Does anyone know whether this is good for white? What is black's best continuation now? Thanks.
Sep-04-06  NateDawg: <Robin01> It is unusual for White to fianchetto in the classical openings such as the King's Pawn Game. However, Black's best continuation after 1. e4 e5 2. ♘f3 ♘c6 3. ♘c3 ♗c5 4. g3 is probably simply 4...♘f6. Then after 5. ♗g2 d6 6. d3 0-0 7. 0-0, Fritz 9 evaluates the position as = (-0.17).
Sep-05-06  Robin01: I appreciate the answer. Thanks.
Oct-31-06  Castle In The Sky: The Halloween Attack is one of my favorite blitz game openings. You sac a knight for a lot of initiative. I have won a large number of games in under 20 moves using the Attack. White's ideas are to try to get your pawn to d6, prevent black from castling and develop a blistering center attack. In longer games, many times, my opponent has returned the piece plus to try to develop.
Oct-31-06  WarmasterKron: I like the Halloween Attack, even though I've never won a game with it! It's about the only interesting thing that can come out of a Four Knights, really.
Feb-23-09  WhiteRook48: actually the best way to avoid the 4 knights opening is to play the Sicilian Defense!
Apr-30-09  WhiteRook48: are there any games from this opening continuing 3...Nf6 4 Bc4 Nxe4! ?
Nov-23-10  Monoceros: I recently stumbled into a Three Knights Opening in a casual game, tried the 3...g6 line, and after 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Nge7 6. Bg5 I got torn open on the Kingside, although my opponent mishandled the attack and permitted me to survive. I've never had much luck as Black with Kingside fianchettos in open games, e.g. Larsen's line in the Philidor; one or two reasonable-looking but weak moves and I get ripped to shreds.
Nov-23-10  parisattack: <Monoceros: I recently stumbled into a Three Knights Opening in a casual game, tried the 3...g6 line, and after 4. d4 exd4 5. Nxd4 Nge7 6. Bg5 I got torn open on the Kingside, although my opponent mishandled the attack and permitted me to survive. I've never had much luck as Black with Kingside fianchettos in open games, e.g. Larsen's line in the Philidor; one or two reasonable-looking but weak moves and I get ripped to shreds.>

Interesting. I had the same unpleasant experiences with the 3Kn fianchetto and also Larsen's Philidor. Black's positions seem really very loose to me... I gave up the Open Game defences early on, went to Sicilian (Kan and Pelikan) and Robatsch (because I still liked the fianchetto in-and-of itself).

Nov-23-10  Monoceros: <parisattack: Black's positions seem really very loose to me... I gave up the Open Game defences early on, went to Sicilian (Kan and Pelikan) and Robatsch (because I still liked the fianchetto in-and-of itself).>

I normally play semi-open defenses, although I favor the Caro-Kann and (I'm a little afraid to admit) the Scandinavian. But if I've played several games with the same opponent I find myself thinking that maybe he's sick of seeing the same things from me, so I'll venture something that I'm not used to just for variety. I groaned inwardly a little when I saw 3. Nc3 though.

Mar-14-11
Premium Chessgames Member
  Penguincw: Opening of the Day:
Steinitz Variation
1.e4 e5 2.♘f3 ♘c6 3.♘c3 g6
Apr-14-11  Cruezchess15: Well when l played this line 1e4 e5 2Nf3 Nc6 3Nc3 Bc5 for the first time, l was beaten badly but then l realise why not play 4.d3 a6 5.Be3 Ba7
Oct-14-11  meppi: Against Halloween i have been playing an exchange sacrifice counterattack line as black.

It is like this;
1.e4 e5
2. Nf3 Nc6
3. Nc3 Nf6
4. Nxe5 Nxe5
5. d4 Nc6 (haloween players as white usually like this line) 6. d5 Ne5
7. f4 Ng6
8. e5 Ng8
9. d6 (thematic white move establishing strong Halloween d-pawn) cxd6 10. exd6 - Qf6 (the beginning of the sacrifice variation) 11. Nb5 Nxf4 (lol)

Now most common is Bxf4 or Nc7+ both lead to the same position usually

12. Nc7+ Kd8
13. Nxa8 (white thinks they won) Bxd6 (grabbing white d pawn)

Now if you see this position who do you like? It is true white is up the exchange but only as long as that horse on a8 can escape, if it cant and black can get the horse with b6 and Bb7 then black has 2 horse for 1 rook and 1 (or 2) pawns.

Also i have been noticing that if white tries too hard to extract the horse from a8, black can get some nice attacks down the e -file and also lateral attacks with the queen and dark bishop along the lines of Qh4+, Qe4 and/or Qb4+ (if white plays Bxf4 which they often do)

Kizbaters what do you think of this opening variation?!

Feb-03-12
Premium Chessgames Member
  Penguincw: Opening of the Day

Three Knights
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3


click for larger view

Mar-31-12
Premium Chessgames Member
  Penguincw: Opening of the Day

Steinitz Variation
1.e4 e5 2.♘f3 ♘c6 3.♘c3 g6


click for larger view

Oct-19-13  Kikoman: <Opening of the Day>

Steinitz Variation
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Nc3 g6


click for larger view

Opening Explorer

Oct-31-13
Premium Chessgames Member
  gezafan: I once played the Chicago Gambit (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nxe5) against a player rated 1750 in a tournament and won. It was a last round meaningless game and I did it for fun.

The gambits where white gets a strong pawn center aren't as easy to play against as one might think.

Here's another one. 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Nxe5 d6 4.Nxf7.

Jan-12-18  Petrosianic: <gezafan>: <I once played the Chicago Gambit (1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nxe5) against a player rated 1750 in a tournament and won. It was a last round meaningless game and I did it for fun.>

Never heard it called that. I always heard that that line was called the Irish Gambit.

I've been looking at the various piece sac gambits on Facebook, trying to figure out which ones are remotely playable. The Rice Gambit is no good but got exposure because a rich guy's name was on it.

The Opening Explorer is no use because all those lines except the Rice show a heavy plus for White. Mainly because they're rarely played and usually against much weaker players.

I think Fischer claimed that the Muzio Gambit had been analyzed to a draw, but I don't remember the analysis. I feel like Black should win them all, but as you say, they're not as easy to play against as you'd think, especially if you're not ready.

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