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Deep Blue (Computer)
Deep Blue 
Photograph © copyright 1997 IBM.  

Number of games in database: 42
Years covered: 1993 to 1997
Overall record: +16 -10 =16 (57.1%)*
   * Overall winning percentage = (wins+draws/2) / total games.

Repertoire Explorer
Most played openings
B22 Sicilian, Alapin (4 games)
A04 Reti Opening (3 games)
C45 Scotch Game (2 games)
D30 Queen's Gambit Declined (2 games)
B01 Scandinavian (2 games)
A00 Uncommon Opening (2 games)
B47 Sicilian, Taimanov (Bastrikov) Variation (2 games)
A07 King's Indian Attack (2 games)

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DEEP BLUE (COMPUTER)
(born 1993) United States of America

[what is this?]

Deep Blue is a chess computer designed and produced by the computer company IBM. Deep Blue's programming code is written in C and runs under the AIX operating system. Its hardware architecture is somewhat based off of that of Chiptest (Computer). It won a game against Garry Kasparov on February 10, 1996, marking the first time a chess computer has ever beaten a reigning world champion under regular time controls. It was then upgraded and played a six-game match against Garry Kasparov in May of 1997. It won 3.5-2.5, marking the first time a chess computer has ever beaten a reigning world champion in a match under standard tournament rules and time controls. Garry Kasparov demanded a rematch which IBM did not accept and IBM retired Deep Blue. Its knowledge was fine-tuned by the Grandmaster Joel Benjamin, its opening book was supplied by Miguel Illescas Cordoba, John Fedorowicz and Nick de Firmian, and Jerry Brodie and Murray Campbell were also part of the IBM team. Randy Moulic and C J Tan managed the team.

https://www.chessprogramming.org/De...

Wikipedia article: Deep Blue (chess computer)

Last updated: 2018-12-03 09:46:49

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 page 1 of 2; games 1-25 of 42  PGN Download
Game  ResultMoves YearEvent/LocaleOpening
1. Deep Blue vs S L Armentrout ½-½371993New YorkB84 Sicilian, Scheveningen
2. Deep Blue vs S Hamann 0-1481993CopenhagenB93 Sicilian, Najdorf, 6.f4
3. Larsen vs Deep Blue 0-1341993CopenhagenB01 Scandinavian
4. L Schandorff vs Deep Blue ½-½431993CopenhagenE11 Bogo-Indian Defense
5. Larsen vs Deep Blue 1-0431993Larsen-Deep Blue MatchC49 Four Knights
6. Deep Blue vs B Barth Sahl 0-1241993CopenhagenC45 Scotch Game
7. J Kristiansen vs Deep Blue 1-0401993CopenhagenC28 Vienna Game
8. H Danielsen vs Deep Blue 0-1361993CopenhagenA04 Reti Opening
9. B Barth Sahl vs Deep Blue ½-½381993CopenhagenC45 Scotch Game
10. Deep Blue vs J Kristiansen 1-0301993CopenhagenB81 Sicilian, Scheveningen, Keres Attack
11. Deep Blue vs Larsen ½-½591993Larsen-Deep Blue MatchB27 Sicilian
12. Deep Blue vs C Hoi ½-½441993CopenhagenB09 Pirc, Austrian Attack
13. Larsen vs Deep Blue ½-½621993Larsen-Deep Blue MatchB01 Scandinavian
14. L B Hansen vs Deep Blue 0-1521993CopenhagenD37 Queen's Gambit Declined
15. Deep Blue vs Larsen ½-½521993Larsen-Deep Blue MatchB90 Sicilian, Najdorf
16. Deep Blue vs M Rohde 1-0511993The Deep Blue ChallengeB47 Sicilian, Taimanov (Bastrikov) Variation
17. Deep Blue vs J Polgar 1-0731993Rapid MatchB47 Sicilian, Taimanov (Bastrikov) Variation
18. J Polgar vs Deep Blue ½-½611993Rapid MatchA07 King's Indian Attack
19. Deep Blue vs Wchess 1-091199424th NACCCA04 Reti Opening
20. Socrates vs Deep Blue 0-161199424th NACCCB62 Sicilian, Richter-Rauzer
21. M-Chess vs Deep Blue 0-135199424th NACCCB32 Sicilian
22. Deep Blue vs M Illescas ½-½471995Internet Exhibition MatchD10 Queen's Gambit Declined Slav
23. M Illescas vs Deep Blue 1-0261995Internet Exhibition MatchA28 English
24. Deep Blue vs Socrates 1-0511995Hong Kong WCCCD05 Queen's Pawn Game
25. Hitech vs Deep Blue 0-1401995Hong Kong WCCCB22 Sicilian, Alapin
 page 1 of 2; games 1-25 of 42  PGN Download
  REFINE SEARCH:   White wins (1-0) | Black wins (0-1) | Draws (1/2-1/2) | Deep Blue wins | Deep Blue loses  

Kibitzer's Corner
< Earlier Kibitzing  · PAGE 6 OF 10 ·  Later Kibitzing>
Dec-10-05  aw1988: Going over the first game of the rematch, we see horrible positional chess. The comp calculates at 200 million positions a second, and crashes and burns. It goes to show chess isn't entirely burnt out yet...
Dec-10-05  WillC21: <aw1988> It's worth noting that was 8 years ago. Shredder 9 or Fritz 9 put on that hardware would be around the 3300 ELO level and the positional chess would be far from "horrible."
Dec-10-05  norami: The edge of the observable universe is 132 yottameters away.
Dec-10-05  aw1988: A fair point.
Dec-10-05  aw1988: <norami> LOL
Dec-24-05  chessmaster pro: i've seen this computer and it's amazing
Dec-24-05  technical draw: Hi <chessmaster pro>, welcome to the group. Weather must be great in Aruba. Your name shows ambition, good luck with your chess future.
Jan-16-06
Premium Chessgames Member
  BishopBerkeley: Hitachi's amusing animation on perpendicular hard-drive technology (complete with databits that dance and sing!) anticipates a 5- to 10-fold increase in data storage capacity for hard-drives, according to many industry insiders:

http://www.hitachigst.com/hdd/resea...

(The animation requires the Macromedia Flash plugin: easy to download & install: http://www.macromedia.com/shockwave... )

With the release of Seagate's "Momentus 5400.3" hard drive, many industry insiders believe that the "perpendicular recording revolution" is about to storm into the market ("In the next three to five years, the new technology is expected to increase maximum drive capacities five fold, [one insider] said..."):

http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20060116...

More information on the Momentus 5400.3 may be obtained at Seagate's website:

http://www.seagate.com/products/not...

"The industry's first perpendicular recording technology drive" (in .pdf format):

http://www.seagate.com/docs/pdf/mar...

Datasheet (in .pdf format):

http://www.seagate.com/docs/pdf/dat...

Hitachi's perpendicular recording page:

http://www.hitachigst.com/hdd/resea...

PC World article on perpendicular recording technology:

http://www.pcworld.com/news/article...

PC World graphic on this:

http://www.pcworld.com/news/article...

Well, so much for worrying about openings books that are too large!!

(: ♗ Bishop Berkeley ♗ :)

Mar-03-06  LluviaSean: BOOOO!! Why not give Garry his rematch?? Noone at IBM would have had played Garry himself...just let the bloody computer play the World Champ...
Mar-24-06
Premium Chessgames Member
  BishopBerkeley: Laser chips could power petaflop computers [21 March 2006]

Laser communications chips capable of pumping data through the veins of gargantuan "petaflop" supercomputers have been demonstrated by NEC in Japan.

The communications chips can transfer information through optical fibres at a blistering 25 gigabits per second (a gigabit is a billion bits). This is a record for such components, according to NEC, and is many times faster that the purely electronic interconnects used in today's supercomputers...

Communications chips can convert electronic signals into optical ones. Using optical fibres to relay data between the chips is what may give this type of supercomputer the edge over previous ones using processors connected electronically.

NEC used a type of semiconducting laser diode called a Vertical-Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) which generates laser pulses in response to an electrical current. Researchers at the company created more efficient VCSEL devices by making the diodes from a blend of gallium arsenide and indium gallium arsenide - they used indium instead of the more conventional aluminium. This made it possible to transfer laser pulses more rapidly through optical fibre.

The new VCSEL chips could be used to make supercomputers of unprecedented power by routing data more efficiently between thousands of individual computer processors. NEC believes the chips could prove crucial to the development of the first petaflop class supercomputer - a machine capable of carrying out a thousand trillion mathematical calculations every second.

"Petaflop-class performance can be achieved in the next-generation supercomputer installed with the new VCSEL, in about 2010," Takahiro Nakamura from NEC's System Devices Research Laboratories told *New Scientist*....

18:31 21 March 2006
NewScientist.com news service
Will Knight

Source:
http://www.newscientistspace.com/ar...

Here is a current list of the world's most powerful computers (measured by performance in gigaflops):

http://www.top500.org/lists/2005/11...

Courtesy of http://www.top500.org/

[More about the LINPACK Benchmark that is used in the ranking: http://www.top500.org/lists/linpack... ]

(: ♗ Bishop Berkeley ♗ :)

Apr-08-06
Premium Chessgames Member
  BishopBerkeley: Stanley Kubrick on Chess:

"You sit at the board and suddenly your heart leaps. Your hand trembles to pick up the piece and move it. But what chess teaches you is that you must sit there calmly and think about whether it’s really a good idea and whether there are other, better ideas..."

Newsweek 26 May 1980

http://www.bartleby.com/63/62/8862....

(: ♗ Bishop Berkeley ♗ :)

Apr-10-06
Premium Chessgames Member
  BishopBerkeley: What if it were announced that "a supercomputer has played through all possible continuations of the Ruy Lopez, and it has been show to be a DRAW"? Well, something like this has happened in the world of Checkers/Draughts. (But I think it is highly unlikely that it will happen in the Chess world any time soon!)

Like Chess, Checkers/Draughts has standard openings. One of those openings, called the "White Doctor", has been tentatively shown to be a draw when played maximally well by both sides: the Checkers/Draughts-playing supercomputer Chinook (at the University of Alberta in Canada) has provided this tentative proof:

http://www.cs.ualberta.ca/~chinook/

The Chinook team also believes a second standard opening (lacking a snazzy name, but indicated by the opening moves 09-13 21-17 05-09 ) is also a proven draw.

All quite interesting!

(: ♗ Bishop Berkeley ♗ :)

Apr-11-06  Whitehat1963: Has Deep Blue lost a match since it beat Kasparov? What? It hasn't? Then it must be the World Chess Champion! Wait, neither has Fischer. O.K., then Fischer needs to play Deep Blue to decide the undisputed champion. Then Kramnik can play the winner as the first challenger. The winner of that match plays Topalov. Then Hydra can challenge the winner of that match. Come on FIDE, what's holding all of this up? The chess world holds its breath. We need an undisputed world title holder. My formula would settle it.
Apr-11-06  alicefujimori: <Whitehat1963>LOL

Talking about Deep Blue, at least Kasparov wasn't given a copy of Deep Blue to have a couple of months to prepare against for their match. (Unlike Kramnik, who was given a copy of Deep Fritz to prepare against.)

Apr-11-06  square dance: <alicefujimori> <Talking about Deep Blue, at least Kasparov wasn't given a copy of Deep Blue to have a couple of months to prepare against for their match. (Unlike Kramnik, who was given a copy of Deep Fritz to prepare against.)> you say this like its an insult towards kramnik. why? kasparov was given a copy of the program(fritz or junior. maybe both.) prior to one of his man vs machine matches. computers already have enough of an advantage without humans being able to prepare for its style.
Apr-11-06
Premium Chessgames Member
  BishopBerkeley: <Whitehat1963> But alas! Deep Blue has gone on to that Great Data Center in the Sky! It has achieved Nerdvana! It has shuffled off this mortal Faraday coil, rung down the curtain, and joined the Choir Invisible (or is that the Norwegian Blue I'm thinking of?!? (Beautiful plumage, the Norwegian Blue... http://www.gruntdoc.com/pics/norweg... ) )

I think Deep Blue is probably jousting with Paul Morphy or Jose Raul Capablanca at this moment, or beating up on Alan Turing !!

But I'm afraid its days of this-worldly glory have gone the way of all silicon...

Requiescat in Pace, Blue Profundus!

(: ♗ Bishop Berkeley ♗ :)

Apr-11-06  alicefujimori: <square dance><you say this like its an insult towards kramnik>There is no insult to Kramnik. The stress of that fact was to emphasize the difference between the two human VS machine match and the difficulty that Kasparov had to face against Deep Blue in 1997 compared to Kramnik's match against Deep Fritz in (2002?). Especially when the Deep Blue team can tune the machine after every game.
Apr-11-06  square dance: <Especially when the Deep Blue team can tune the machine after every game.> yes, that was absolutely absurd imo.
Apr-11-06  ennar: Did anyone see the movie "Game over"?

It strongly suggests that the IBM cheated - especially in Game 2 by using grandmaster(s) to help Deep Blue (by cutting off fruitless paths etc).

In Game 2, Kasparov was so bewildered by "human like" moves from Deep Blue that he persumably resigned in a position where he had a perpetual check!

This is offered as further proof of cheating by IBM. How could such a powerful computer miss a simple perpetual check?

After Game 2, Kasparov was psychologically beaten and din't offer much resistance.

Apr-11-06  Whitehat1963: <Bishop Berkeley>, he looks like he's pushing up daisies; he's kicked the bucket. THAT is a LATE PARROT!
Apr-11-06  Akavall: <ennar> Analysis of Game 2 seem to be pretty strong evidence against Deep Blue. One should also remember that this match was very important to IBM from financial stand-point; IBM stocks went up 15% after Deep Blue won the match.
Apr-11-06  who: <ennar> I'm not sure what you mean Kasparov didn't offer much resistance, but he did draw the next 3 games. Also what do you mean "he persumably resigned in a position where he had a perpetual check!." He did resign a position where he had a perpetual check and if 'presumably' refers to the reason he resigned, that's probably because he thought a computer wouldn't make a mistake - not because the moves were humanlike. As regards the computer making human-like moves, Feng-Hsiung Hsu (who programmed deep blue) discusses this in his book about the match. There was a bug in the code where if a position was reached that had been analyzed already the computer went to the old analysis without noting that the position had been repeated. This means it should in fact be almost impossible for the computer to realize that it was entering a 3-fold repition. There were other bugs, some of which caused the loss of the first games.
Apr-11-06  Gregor Samsa Mendel: <who> Little ChessPartner might have a bug similar to the one just described. I've taken advantage of it a number of times to obtain endless repetitions in positions where it was beating the living tar out of me. :D
Apr-11-06
Premium Chessgames Member
  BishopBerkeley: <Whitehat1963> He's just restin', squire!

(: ♗ Bishop Berkeley ♗ :)

http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~ebarnes/p...

Apr-12-06  acirce: <Analysis of Game 2 seem to be pretty strong evidence against Deep Blue.>

I think there is simply no evidence at all.

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