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🏆 Gothenburg Interzonal (1955)

PARTICIPANTS (sorted by highest achieved rating; click on name to see player's games) Paul Keres, Miguel Najdorf, Herman Pilnik, Andrija Fuderer, Braslav Rabar, Bogdan Sliwa, Gideon Stahlberg, Miroslav Filip, Ludek Pachman, Georgy Ilivitsky, Boris Spassky, Tigran Petrosian, Efim Geller, David Bronstein, Oscar Panno, Laszlo Szabo, Wolfgang Unzicker, Jan Hein Donner, Arthur Bisguier, Antonio Medina Garcia, Carlos Guimard

Gothenburg Interzonal (1955) The Gothenburg interzonal tournament was played between 15th August and 21st September 1955. It was a 21-player round robin, with the top nine players qualifying for the Amsterdam Candidates (1956) tournament. The winner was Bronstein with 15/20 (+10 =10 -0), Keres was second with 13.5, Panno had 13, Petrosian 12.5, Geller and Szabo each had 12 and the other qualifiers were Filip, Pilnik and Spassky with 11. Just missing out with 10.5 were Ilivitsky and Pachman (but see the Prague Candidates Reserve Playoff (1956)). Picture of participants: http://es.chessbase.com/portals/0/f... Of particular theoretical note is that the 14th round saw three unsuccessful tries of the novelty 9 ... g5 10. fxg5 ♘d7 by players from Argentina when three Soviets tested their sacrifices in the move-order 1. e4 c5 2. ♘f3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. ♘xd4 ♘f6 5. ♘c3 a6 6. ♗g5 e6 7. f4 ♗e7 8. ♕f3 h6 9. ♗h4, so the so-called Vespers - (Argentine or Göteborg) variation - with the main continuation being 11. ♘xe6 (11. 0-0-0 saw the game Rodolfo Cardoso vs Fischer, 1957 0-1) 11 ... fxe6 12. ♕h5 ♔f8 13. ♗b5 - and remained under a cloud for more than 2 years, until Paul Keres suggested the improvement 13 ... ♖h7 which was later played in Gligoric vs Fischer, 1958 1/2-1/2 and resurrected that Sicilian, Najdorf (B98) line. (1) Gothenburg, Sweden, 15 August - 21 September 1955 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 1 Bronstein * 1 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 15.0 2 Keres 0 * 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 1 1 ½ 1 1 0 1 ½ ½ 1 13.5 3 Panno 0 0 * ½ 0 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 1 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 1 1 ½ 13.0 4 Petrosian ½ ½ ½ * ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 1 1 12.5 5 Geller 0 ½ 1 ½ * ½ ½ ½ 1 0 ½ ½ ½ 0 1 ½ 1 1 1 ½ 1 12.0 6 Szabo ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ * ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 1 1 1 1 12.0 7 Filip ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ * 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ 0 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 1 11.0 8 Spassky ½ 0 0 ½ ½ ½ 1 * 1 1 0 0 ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 0 1 1 ½ 11.0 9 Pilnik ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ 0 * ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 1 11.0 10 Ilivitsky ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 0 ½ * ½ 0 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 10.5 11 Pachman ½ 0 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ * ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 10.5 12 Najdorf ½ 0 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 ½ * 0 0 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 0 9.5 13 Guimard ½ 0 0 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ 1 * ½ 1 0 1 ½ 0 ½ 1 9.5 14 Rabar ½ ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ 0 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ * ½ ½ ½ 0 0 1 0 9.0 15 Fuderer 0 0 ½ ½ 0 0 1 ½ 0 ½ 0 1 0 ½ * 1 1 1 1 0 ½ 9.0 16 Unzicker 0 0 0 ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ 1 ½ 0 * ½ ½ ½ 1 1 8.5 17 Stahlberg 0 1 ½ 0 0 0 ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ 0 ½ * 1 ½ ½ 1 8.0 18 Bisguier 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ 1 0 ½ 0 * ½ 1 1 8.0 19 Medina Garcia 0 ½ 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 1 1 0 ½ ½ ½ * 0 0 5.5 20 Donner 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ 0 1 0 ½ 0 1 * ½ 5.5 21 Sliwa 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 1 0 1 ½ 0 0 0 1 ½ * 5.5 (1) https://web.archive.org/web/2010070... Original collection: Game Collection: Interzonals 1955: Gothenburg, by User: capybara. Previous: Stockholm Interzonal (1952). Next: Portoroz Interzonal (1958)  page 1 of 9; games 1-25 of 210  Game   Result Moves Year Event/Locale Opening 1. A Bisguier vs Najdorf 0-1 43 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal E70 King's Indian 2. Bronstein vs Stahlberg 1-0 83 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal D35 Queen's Gambit Declined 3. Geller vs Sliwa 1-0 65 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal E58 Nimzo-Indian, 4.e3, Main line with 8...Bxc3 4. Keres vs J H Donner ½-½ 56 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal B45 Sicilian, Taimanov 5. Pachman vs Filip   ½-½ 20 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal E17 Queen's Indian 6. Spassky vs Szabo ½-½ 30 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal C77 Ruy Lopez 7. Panno vs Pilnik   ½-½ 36 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal A22 English 8. B Rabar vs A Fuderer   ½-½ 31 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal B01 Scandinavian 9. A Medina Garcia vs C Guimard   1-0 41 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal C02 French, Advance 10. G Ilivitsky vs Unzicker   1-0 41 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal E52 Nimzo-Indian, 4.e3, Main line with ...b6 11. C Guimard vs A Bisguier   ½-½ 20 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal D11 Queen's Gambit Declined Slav 12. Unzicker vs Bronstein 0-1 42 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal B92 Sicilian, Najdorf, Opocensky Variation 13. Szabo vs Geller   ½-½ 13 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal C01 French, Exchange 14. Petrosian vs Keres ½-½ 22 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal E43 Nimzo-Indian, Fischer Variation 15. Najdorf vs Panno 0-1 41 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal A07 King's Indian Attack 16. Stahlberg vs Pachman   ½-½ 40 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal A12 English with b3 17. J H Donner vs Spassky 0-1 32 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal E62 King's Indian, Fianchetto 18. Filip vs B Rabar   ½-½ 29 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal D30 Queen's Gambit Declined 19. A Fuderer vs A Medina Garcia   1-0 33 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal D54 Queen's Gambit Declined, Anti-Neo-Orthodox Variation 20. Sliwa vs G Ilivitsky 0-1 51 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal D87 Grunfeld, Exchange 21. A Bisguier vs A Fuderer 0-1 28 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal A07 King's Indian Attack 22. Bronstein vs Sliwa 1-0 38 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal E58 Nimzo-Indian, 4.e3, Main line with 8...Bxc3 23. Geller vs J H Donner   ½-½ 29 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal C11 French 24. Pilnik vs Najdorf   ½-½ 55 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal A15 English 25. Pachman vs Unzicker   ½-½ 13 1955 Gothenburg Interzonal E53 Nimzo-Indian, 4.e3  page 1 of 9; games 1-25 of 210    REFINE SEARCH:   White wins (1-0) | Black wins (0-1) | Draws (1/2-1/2)   < Earlier Kibitzing  · PAGE 2 OF 3 ·  Later Kibitzing> Apr-26-22    Z free or die: What about the ref I gave?! Oh well... PS- I appreciate your OCR version, <stone>, but the scan looks defective for some reason. I got my links from a Winter article - C.N. 9711 Apr-26-22    Z free or die: From <TfS v61 N4 (1955) p202> <The result of the chess tournament Göteborgs-Posten's editor-in-chief Harry Hjörne had the following to say in his newspaper about the interzonal tournament and about the chess game and its conditions: The international chess tournament has just ended. For a couple of months, our city has been the center of worldwide interest. And all the chess people have experienced their real dream tournament. The whole thing has been a feast of excitement and splendor, a fairy that will live in the memory - long after the curtain has gone down for the last time. It has also been a great honor for the jubilant Gothenburg Chess Association to have received this huge event on their lot. But it has not just been a dance on roses. The responsibility has rested heavily on the person in question. It is so much more gratifying - yes, almost inconceivable that the poor union has made it all go together financially. Without help from the state and the municipality and without benevolent contributions from private individuals and companies, it would of course not have happened. It was a matter of covering expenses of almost SEK 70,000. But the successful result also says a lot about the burning interest in the task that has been revealed by the organizers. Efforts have really been made there. And it was needed. Organizationally, everything also works in a patterned way. Only in one respect could one have wished for something better. It has been far too crowded - both for players and audiences - in the Art Gallery and at the Student Union. But for financial reasons, they did not dare to make a big deal. Happily enough, the foreign masts have nevertheless found themselves in the small but intimate conditions. This is despite the fact that most come from countries, where the authorities in a completely different way than here encourage the game and where you are consequently used to more magnificent environments It is, of course, the hope of all chess friends that the game of chess will also be recognized and supported here. Many countries, not only the Soviet Union but also e.g. Yugoslavia and Argentina, constantly bring forth world-class players. The game of chess should really be encouraged - but not only with the intention of creating a competitive elite. The strongest reason is that the game is really a cultural and social factor to be reckoned with. Its significance, not least for young people, should be obvious to everyone. This game is, like sports, a good school, when it comes to refining the young people's natural competitive instincts and educating them to fair play. Already now you can notice what a stimulating effect this big competition has had on the interest in chess. These days, clubs get to accept lots of new members. The local question then becomes relevant. Ati hang out in cafes e.g. can not be healthy and conducive to the game. The chess game needs a little wind in the sails and a good continuation of these warm and friendly weeks. It may be worth it. An unforced friendship, a polite and family atmosphere - that is the final impression of this competition. No dispute at all has cast its shadow over this good joy of playing. Once you have experienced this, you no longer really want to believe in all the dead ends in international coexistence. That chess in this respect won a great victory, it is the biggest help point taken home in this competition.> Apr-26-22    Z free or die: <Schackturneringens facit Göteborgs-Postens chefredaktör Harry Hjörne hade följande att säga i sin tidning om den interzonala turneringen och om schackspelet och dess förutsättningar: Den internationella schackturneringen är just avslutad. Under ett par månader har vår stad varit centrum för ett världsomspännande intresse. Och allt schackfolket har fått uppleva sin verkliga drömturnering. Det hela har varit en fest av spänning och glans, ett feeri som kommer att leva i minnet - långt efter det att ridån gått ned för sista gången. En stor heder har det också varit för jubilerande Göteborgs Schackförbund att ha fått detta väldiga arrangemang på sin lott. Men det har inte bara varit en dans på rosor. Ansvaret har vilat tungt över vederbörande. Det är så mycket mera glädjande – ja, nästan ofattbart att det fattiga förbundet har fått det hela att gå ihop ekonomiskt. Utan hjälp från statens och kommunens sida och utan välvilliga bidrag från privatpersoner och företag hade det förstås inte gått. Det gällde ju att täcka utgitter på närmare 70.000 kronor. Men det lyckade resultatet säger också mycket om det brinnande intresse för uppgiften som lagts i dagen från arrangörernas sida. Där har det verkligen tagits krafttag. Och det behövdes. Organisatoriskt har också allt fungerar mönstergillt. Endast i ett avseende kunde man ha önskat något bättre. Det har varit alldeles för trångt - såväl för spelare som publik - i Konsthallen och på Studentkå ren. Men av ekonomiska hänsyn vågade man inte slå på stort. Glädjande nog ha ändå de utländska mastarna funnit sig tillrätta i de små men intima förhållandena. Detta oaktat att de flesta komma från länder, där myndigheterna på ett helt annat sätt än här uppmuntra spelet och där man följaktligen är van vid mera storslagna miljöer Det är naturligtvis alla schackvänners förhoppning, att schackspelet också här skall få erkännande och stöd. Många länder, inte bara Sovjet utan också t. ex. Jugoslavien och Argentina, få ständigt fram nya spelare av världsklass. Schackspelet borde verkligen uppmuntras – men inte endast med avsikten att skapa en konkurrenskraftig elit Det allra starkaste skälet är, att spelet verkligen är en kulturell och social faktor att räkna med. Dess betydelse inte minst för ungdomen borde vara uppenbar för alla. Detta spel är liksom idrotten- en god skola, då det gäller att förädla de ungas naturliga tävlingsinstinkter och fostra dem till fair play. Redan nu kan man märka, vilken sti mulerande effekt som denna stortävling har haft på schackintresset. I dessa dagar få klubbarna taga emot mängder av nya med lemmar. Lokalfrågan blir då aktuell. Ati hålla till på kaféer t.ex. kan inte vara sunt och befrämjande för spelet. Schackspelet behöver lite vind i seglen och en god fortsättning på dessa varma och vänliga veckor. Det kan saken vara värd. Ett otvunget kamratskap, en hygglig och familjär stämning - det är denna tävlings slutintryck. Ingen som helst tvist har kastat sin skugga över denna goda spelglädje När man har upplevat detta, vill man inte längre riktigt tro på alla återvändsgränderna i den internationella samvaron. Att schacket i detta avseende vunnit en stor seger, det är den största helpoäng som tagits hem i denna tävling. > Apr-26-22    Z free or die: < It has also been a great honor for the jubilant Gothenburg Chess Association to have received this huge event on their lot.> This interpretation is suggestive, but a native speaker is needed to access the meaning of "lot". But later we have a more definitive statement: <It has been far too crowded - both for players and audiences - in the Art Gallery and at the Student Union. > The lament definitely gives two locations for the games - of course I'm now wondering which "Student Union"?!? Apr-26-22    valiant: The entire tournament was played in konsthallen - which is an annex to the art museum. The Russians thought, at first glance, that the place was a little too small though, not for the tables and chairs or players, but for the spectators - they were used to a larger audience at home ... "Ryssarna, som naturligtvis passade på att bekanta sig med lokalen, tyckte att den verkade alldeles för liten - de är ju också vana vid en för våra förhållanden enorm publikanslutning i sitt eget land." (page 134, article: SVENSK SEGER MOT DANMARK) https://tfsarkiv.schack.se/pdf/1955... Apr-26-22    Z free or die: <valiant> thanks for that, but how should one interpret this bit... <- i Konsthallen och på Studentkå ren.> which suggests two locations? Apr-26-22    Z free or die: Here's the google translation of the relevant section of <valiant>'s ref: <On 11 and 12 August, a national match was played on ten tables in the Art Gallery in Gothenburg, a kind of general rehearsal if you will before the big interzonal tournament, which begins in the same venue on Monday 15 August. The location of the venue is the best imaginable and the spaces are well-disposed, although the circular entrance hall must probably be shielded in a more efficient way from the tournament hall itself to neutralize the disturbing echo effects of the audience. The relatively small crowd, which now wandered around the Art Gallery, had a good place, but it will probably be - at least the first few days - very crowded about the bliss during the interzonal tournament. The Russians, who of course took the opportunity to get acquainted with the venue, thought that it seemed far too small - they are also used to a huge audience connection in our own country for our conditions. This time, the organizers were not put to any major tests - most of the work has already been postponed - and the showdown with the Danish friends took place in silence without any disturbing events.> This reading does say the international tn will begin at the same location, but doesn't seem to state it will be entirely held there, at least not explicitly. <Den 11 och 12 augusti utkämpades en landsmatch på tio bord i Konsthallen i Göteborg, ett slags generalrepetition om man så vill inför den stora interzonalturneringen, som tar sin början i samma spellokal måndagen den 15 augusti. Spellokalens belägenhet är den bästa tänkbara och utrymmena väldisponerade även om den cirkelrunda entréhallen nog måste avskärmas på ett mer effektivt sätt från själva turneringssalen för att neutralisera publiksorlets störande ekoeffekter. Den relativt fåtaliga skara, som nu vandrade omkring i Konsthallen, hade god plats, men förmodligen blir det - åtminstone de första dagarna - mycket trångt om saligheten under interzonalturneringen. Ryssarna, som naturligtvis passade på att bekanta sig med lokalen, tyckte att den verkade alldeles för liten - de är ju också vana vid en för våra förhållanden enorm publikanslutning i sitt eget land. Denna gång ställdes alltså arrangörerna inte på några större prov - det mesta arbetet är redan undanstökat - och kraftmätningen med de danska vännerna försiggick i stilla ro utan några som helst uppskakande händelser.> (Besides, it's from the publication before the international was held, therefore would always be predictive in an a priori sense). Apr-26-22    Troller: The Interzonal started in "Konsthallen" where also the Sweden-Denmark match was played earlier. Apparently due to very hot weather the Interzonal during its second half relocated to the cooler hall in "Studentkåren": <man flyttede under turneringens senare hälft över til Studentkårens visserligen mere luftiga aula> (https://tfsarkiv.schack.se/pdf/1955... p.203). Unzicker played some rounds in shorts - maybe Anton Kovalyov could have pointed to this precedent when he was penalized for the same misdeed... Apr-26-22    valiant: Thanks <Troller>. My parents often talked about those hot summers of 1950s ... <Z free or die> got it right then! Apr-26-22    keypusher: Chessmetrics sees this, along with Budapest Candidates (1950) as the best performance of Bronstein's career. He also played some beautiful games; Bronstein vs Keres, 1955 made Burgess, Nunn, and Emms' greatest games collection. <Everett> wrote <I think it helped that he secured Furman as his second for the tournament. I think it shows in his focused play.> Apr-26-22    Z free or die: <keypusher> - trying to do a google search on <Bronstein's Best Tournament> is an interesting, but slightly frustrating, experience. Few claims of his "best" seem to be out their, maybe because he had so many? (Admittedly I only did a quick scan - and to tell the truth, I don't even know how many 1st's he made in his career off the top of my head) * * * * * To my Swedish colleagues - is there a clear placement for the < Studentkårens>? And do we know the actual location of the Gotenburg CC back in 1955? Just a bit curious at this point... thanks. Apr-26-22    keypusher: <Z free or die: <keypusher> - trying to do a google search on <Bronstein's Best Tournament> is an interesting, but slightly frustrating, experience.> Of course there are lots of criteria you could go by; Bronstein himself might say "X is my best tournament because it was there that I played most creatively" or "where I joined the elite" or whatever. Chessmetrics is a quantitative measure; more knowledgeable people than I can opine on how valid it is. This and Budapest are the two tournaments where Bronstein had the highest performance rating, according to Chessmetrics. Maybe I should have just said that. Here's a list of his highest-rated performances from the CM site. http://www.chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/... Apr-27-22    Radmankaruf: Thanks everyone who contributed! Power of crowd sourcing never cease to amaze me. Apr-27-22    Z free or die: <Radmankaruf:> Be sure to check back in later to see if <Olavi> posts an update from the tb (tournament book). Apr-27-22    Olavi: <Z free or die> I intend to do so in about 10-11 hours. Is there something in particular that you would want to know? Apart from the playing site question, I trust that has been dealt with to satisfaction. Apr-27-22    Z free or die: <Olavi> Everything! I want to know everything! Just kidding (well, kinda!)... No, at the moment please just include what you think is interesting. Though I'm still wondering exactly the what & where of the Student Union. Oh, and perhaps the location of the Gotenburg CC itself. Oh, and can we perhaps get a group photo posted online? (Did I see one somewhere already? ... hmmm, I forget). Thanks. . Apr-27-22    Z free or die: A little more seriously, on a second pass... I see there is a poor quality group photo already posted above - it would be nice to get a higher resolution scan. For tournaments in general I tried to have a little template of info, ie. the facts on hand, in a format making it easy for a quick look. I tried to include most of the general stuff applicable for all tournaments. Here's an example: https://zanchess.wordpress.com/2016... Comparing to the intro above, I see we could use the time control, entrance fee(?), and actual prizes, as well as the playing session info. I also think all intro's should include a link to the tournament book (if available), or at least the biblio info for it - of course, if the tournament had one. OK, thanks again. Apr-28-22    Olavi: First bits. The tournament book is a bit disappointing on general information: Världsschackturneringen Göteborg 1955, Gideon Ståhlberg, Sveriges Schackförbunds Förlag AB 1956. Individual games analyzed by Bronstein, Botvinnik, Barcza, Geller, Furman, Keres, Flohr, Ilivitsky, Petrosjan, Kotov, Krogius, Spassky, Lilienthal, Mikenas. Includes an eleven page article by Kotov: "Världseliten i aktion"; one page by Bondarevsky: "Sagt om pristagarna"; 31 page "Teoretisk översikt" by O'Kelly de Galway; seven pages by Jostein Westberg: "Rysk offensiv på bred font", a report of simultanious exhibitions after the tournament by Botvinnik, Flohr, Bondarevsky, Lilienthal, Kotov, Tolush, Spassky, Bronstein, Keres, Geller, Petrosjan, Barcza, Gligoric, Ilivitsky, Mikenas, Furman, Fuderer. Page three informs us that the tournament moved to the house of the Student Association on the Götabergsgatan at the start of September, as was planned in advance. (No mention of a heatwave.) From Schach-Echo 17/1955 (Lothar Schmid, Unzicker's second) we learn that playing hours were 17-22 (so must have been the usual 40 moves / 2½ hours), always after two rounds a day for adjournments from 10 am. Altogether six free days. To be continued Apr-29-22    valiant: <Olavi: [..] the tournament moved to the house of the Student Association on the Götabergsgatan at the start of September [..]> University of Gothenburg https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unive... Studenternas Hus https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stude... Apr-30-22    Z free or die: Thanks to both <olavi> and <valiant> - exactly the stuff filling out the details. Looking forward to <olavi>'s 2nd installment... Apr-30-22    Z free or die: PS- I was surprised to see how "young" University of Gotenburg was. Apr-30-22    MissScarlett: The Brits invented universities. Apr-30-22    keypusher: <MissScarlett: The Brits invented universities.> Bologna is older than Oxford. But according to this the Arabs may have beaten everyone. https://www.mastersavenue.com/artic... Apr-30-22    Z free or die: ! Apr-30-22    Olavi: Just a quick correction: Westberg's article is of course "Rysk offensiv på bred front", not -font. The FIDE congress was held just prior to the tournament 9.-13.8. at the Palace Hotel. Jump to page #    (enter # from 1 to 3) search thread:    < Earlier Kibitzing  · PAGE 2 OF 3 ·  Later Kibitzing> NOTE: Create an account today to post replies and access other powerful features which are available only to registered users. Becoming a member is free, anonymous, and takes less than 1 minute! If you already have a username, then simply login login under your username now to join the discussion. Please observe our posting guidelines: No obscene, racist, sexist, or profane language. 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