chessgames.com
Members · Prefs · Laboratory · Collections · Openings · Endgames · Sacrifices · History · Search Kibitzing · Kibitzer's Café · Chessforums · Tournament Index · Players · Kibitzing

Paul Keres
Keres 
Paul Keres at Hastings, © December 1964. 

Number of games in database: 2,065
Years covered: 1929 to 1975
Overall record: +1022 -208 =810 (70.0%)*
   * Overall winning percentage = (wins+draws/2) / total games in the database. 25 exhibition games, blitz/rapid, odds games, etc. are excluded from this statistic.

MOST PLAYED OPENINGS
With the White pieces:
 Ruy Lopez (185) 
    C78 C86 C83 C97 C88
 Sicilian (184) 
    B20 B50 B43 B36 B62
 French Defense (97) 
    C07 C02 C05 C10 C03
 Ruy Lopez, Closed (89) 
    C86 C97 C88 C87 C93
 Caro-Kann (63) 
    B10 B18 B14 B13 B11
 English (45) 
    A14 A16 A15 A13 A10
With the Black pieces:
 Ruy Lopez (229) 
    C72 C92 C99 C79 C73
 Nimzo Indian (125) 
    E32 E43 E41 E45 E53
 Ruy Lopez, Closed (107) 
    C92 C99 C97 C96 C84
 Queen's Pawn Game (79) 
    A46 E00 D02 E10 A45
 Queen's Indian (66) 
    E15 E19 E12 E17 E14
 English, 1 c4 e5 (42) 
    A23 A28 A29 A22 A21
Repertoire Explorer

NOTABLE GAMES: [what is this?]
   Euwe vs Keres, 1940 0-1
   Keres vs Szabo, 1955 1-0
   Keres vs W Winter, 1935 1-0
   Keres vs Geller, 1962 1-0
   Keres vs Alekhine, 1937 1-0
   Keres vs Verbac, 1933 1-0
   Keres vs Spassky, 1955 1-0
   A Karu vs Keres, 1931 0-1
   Keres vs Kotov, 1950 1-0
   Keres vs Capablanca, 1938 1-0

WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS: [what is this?]
   FIDE World Championship Tournament (1948)

NOTABLE TOURNAMENTS: [what is this?]
   non-FIDE Munich Olympiad (1936)
   Prague (1937)
   USSR Championship (1947)
   Madrid (1943)
   Przepiorka Memorial (1950)
   Estonian Championship (1953)
   Mar del Plata (1957)
   Budapest (1952)
   USSR Championship (1951)
   Buenos Aires (1964)
   Bamberg (1968)
   Warsaw Olympiad (1935)
   Bled-Zagreb-Belgrade Candidates (1959)
   Gothenburg Interzonal (1955)
   Curacao Candidates (1962)

GAME COLLECTIONS: [what is this?]
   Match Keres! by amadeus
   Keres' Whirligigs made of chocobonbon for FTB by fredthebear
   Challenger of 48 Keres_190 Wins (selected) by Gottschalk
   Keres' Whirligigs by chocobonbon
   The Road to the Top & The Quest for Perfection by Bidibulle
   The Road to the Top & The Quest for Perfection by alos2109
   The Road to the Top & The Quest for Perfection by enog
   The Road to the Top & The Quest for Perfection by pdoaks
   Veliki majstori saha 20 KERES (1916-1975) by Chessdreamer
   Paul Keres Ausgewählte Partien 1931-1958 by Simoslav
   Paul Keres "Valitud Partiid" by Legend
   Keres vs World & Almost Champions Decisive Games by Okavango
   Keres vs World & Almost Champions Decisive Games by visayanbraindoctor
   Paul Keres by Legend


Search Sacrifice Explorer for Paul Keres
Search Google for Paul Keres

PAUL KERES
(born Jan-07-1916, died Jun-05-1975, 59 years old) Estonia
PRONUNCIATION:
[what is this?]

Paul Keres was born in Narva, Estonia. The family moved back to Pärnu as soon as WW I was over. He was very active in correspondence chess throughout his youth, and soon began to make a name for himself at over-the-board play as well with a series of tournament victories culminating with a tie for first at AVRO (1938). Keres was thrice Soviet Champion, in 1947 [rusbase-1], 1950 [rusbase-2], and 1951 [rusbase-3]. In 1948, Keres participated in the World Championship tournament to determine a successor to Alexander Alekhine, finishing joint third. This would turn out to be the only opportunity Keres would ever have to play for the world title--he finished second ex aequo or outright four times in the five Candidates' tournaments, from 1950 to 1962 inclusive, but never won.

Keres scored 13½/14 at the 11th Olympiad in Amsterdam 1954 (1) and in 1963, he won at Los Angeles http://www.worldchesslinks.net/eziq... (sharing first place with Tigran Petrosian). Keres suffered a fatal heart attack in Helsinki on the way home from winning a tournament in Vancouver in 1975, at age 59.

Keres is the player who has defeated the largest number of world champions, no fewer than nine: Capablanca (http://www.chessgames.com/perl/ches... Alekhine http://www.chessgames.com/perl/ches... Euwe http://www.chessgames.com/perl/ches... Botvinnik http://www.chessgames.com/perl/ches... Smyslov http://www.chessgames.com/perl/ches... Tal http://www.chessgames.com/perl/ches... Petrosian http://www.chessgames.com/perl/ches... Spassky http://www.chessgames.com/perl/ches... and Fischer http://www.chessgames.com/perl/ches...

With his five second-place finishes in Candidates events and his results against world champions, Keres was often known as "Paul, the Second" and "The Uncrowned King".

A list of books about Keres can be found at http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/...

References: (1) Wikipedia article: World records in chess , (2) Wikipedia article: Paul Keres

Last updated: 2024-12-10 09:13:02

Try our new games table.

 page 1 of 83; games 1-25 of 2,065  PGN Download
Game  ResultMoves YearEvent/LocaleOpening
1. I Raud vs Keres  ½-½541929Parnu, Parnu-ViljandiE10 Queen's Pawn Game
2. Keres vs I Raud 0-1401929Parnu, Parnu-ViljandiC54 Giuoco Piano
3. A Karu vs Keres 0-1271931corrD08 Queen's Gambit Declined, Albin Counter Gambit
4. M Villemson vs Keres 0-1511931Deutsche Schachzeitung 133-A corrA15 English
5. Keres vs Molder 1-0241931Tartu, Est jr chC33 King's Gambit Accepted
6. L Norvid vs Keres 0-1251931Tartu, Est jr chC12 French, McCutcheon
7. Keres vs R Pruun 1-0431931ChJB12 Caro-Kann Defense
8. Keres vs I Raud 1-0291931Tartu, Est jr chB25 Sicilian, Closed
9. R Pruun vs Keres 0-1241931Tartu, Est jr chE60 King's Indian Defense
10. Keres vs G Menke 1-0621932corrC33 King's Gambit Accepted
11. M Seibold vs Keres 0-1391932Deutsche Schachzeitung 1932/33 corrC12 French, McCutcheon
12. Von Feilitzsch vs Keres 0-1321932corrC22 Center Game
13. Keres vs Faltweber 1-0181932corrA06 Reti Opening
14. Keres vs Beskov 1-0431932corrC50 Giuoco Piano
15. Keres vs M Villemson ½-½471932Deutsche Schachzeitung 133-A corrD30 Queen's Gambit Declined
16. Keres vs E Verbak 1-0171932corrC00 French Defense
17. Von Feilitzsch vs Keres  1-0161932corrC40 King's Knight Opening
18. Beskov vs Keres  0-1471932crE12 Queen's Indian
19. Haemig vs Keres  0-1271932crC44 King's Pawn Game
20. Keres vs Haemig  1-0231932crB40 Sicilian
21. Keres vs P Potengowski  1-0481932crD51 Queen's Gambit Declined
22. P Potengowski vs Keres  ½-½341932crC12 French, McCutcheon
23. Keres vs Villard  1-0121932crC35 King's Gambit Accepted, Cunningham
24. E Kiiver vs Keres 0-1581932Tartu, Est jr chE20 Nimzo-Indian
25. A Remmelgas vs Keres  0-1551932Tartu, Est jr chD02 Queen's Pawn Game
 page 1 of 83; games 1-25 of 2,065  PGN Download
  REFINE SEARCH:   White wins (1-0) | Black wins (0-1) | Draws (1/2-1/2) | Keres wins | Keres loses  

Kibitzer's Corner
< Earlier Kibitzing  · PAGE 45 OF 48 ·  Later Kibitzing>
Mar-20-19
Premium Chessgames Member
  Sally Simpson: ***

Yes if Caruana becomes World Champion then that is another scalp for Korchnoi. (same if Gelfand had won it.)

Meanwhile we have another scalp for Keres beating world chess champions.

Keres vs Menchik, 1939

Vera was Women's world champ at the time.

You do realise that if Korchnoi had beaten Karpov in 1978 we would not be having this discussion and because Keres has beaten Korchnoi in the past the Keres head count would be 10. (or 11 if you count Vera).

***

Mar-20-19  fabelhaft: <Meanwhile we have another scalp for Keres beating world chess champions.

Keres vs Menchik, 1939

Vera was Women's world champ at the time>

At the same time, if the women World Champions count Korchnoi has wins against Hou Yifan, Chiburdanidze, Stefanova, Xie Jun and Susan Polgar.

Mar-20-19
Premium Chessgames Member
  Sally Simpson: ***

Yes indeed fabelhaft, so it looks Korchnoi is well ahead in the who has beat the most World Champions stakes.

But...

...in 2006 Korchnoi won the senior World Championship. He finally got his crown. (therefore cannot be the strongest player not to be world champion, he has disqualified himself.)

Korchnoi's bogeyman who stopped him from winning the actual World Championship, Anatoly Karpov, was too young (55) to enter!

***

Mar-20-19  JimNorCal: Clever point, SS!
Mar-21-19  RookFile: Was Paul Morphy a world champion? Some don't think so. If he wasn't then surely he was the strongest never to have been world champion. Actually, he may have been the strongest, period.
Mar-21-19
Premium Chessgames Member
  woldsmandriffield: Sally Simpson: I am confused by your suggestion that PK was a stronger player than VK, yet VK was the strongest player not to be world champion.

The discussion appears to be about ‘closest’ to becoming world champion. Hence details about players tying matches who were thus ‘close’ to succeeding. Or comparisons between how far and how often players progressed in elimination tournaments, such as the candidates.

With respect to the latter, the candidates, PK’s early career predated FIDE control of the world championship. There were simply fewer candidates events for him to qualify from in comparison with VK. There is also the fact that the Second World War precluded a match with Alekhine, which PK was ‘qualified’ to play.

Lastly, VK defected from the USSR in 1976/7 and political interference changed its form. The main weapons were a boycott of non championship events and manipulation of venues to keep prize money low, making it harder for Korchnoi to pay seconds. He was, however, free from any overt pressure in terms of actual results. PK’s situation differed and like other Soviet GMs internal politics continued to matter.

Mar-23-19  nimh: I too think it is hard to defend the point of view that Keres is the greatest player never to win the title. But his position as the greatest one never to play in a title match is quite secure (Let's count Morphy's match against Anderssen as a title match). Rubinstein simply had not enough longevity.
May-01-19  drnooo: I have posted this before. But here we go again. Keres came very close to being killed by the soviets. He was trying to escape and about to make the boat out with his wife and on the last day didn't make it. Ever after he knew his rung at the top was not welcome. I maintain the stress killed him. That's just I. For certain however living and playing in the west could well have brought him a worlds championship. The record of his near escape is to be found for all to see. As is his 70 percent wins, eclipsing nearly every great player in the history of the game. A much higher one than Korchnois. Ive always suspected he threw his games with Botvinnik. But for those who feel he was under no threat of death, so be it. And his record against Korchnoi is a pure crush.
May-02-19
Premium Chessgames Member
  roberts partner: The failed boat escape attempt wasn't quite like that:

Keres’ attempts to flee to Sweden came at the last minute. He had agreed to wait with others for a boat to arrive at the coast near Haapsalu. The group of other people waiting for the day that never came included such prominent figures as the writer Friedebert Tuglas and members of the pre-war government. But, as Maria Keres recalls:

Our travels did not work out, the big motorboats were simply too afraid to come back already. I was quite content, here was my home. What happened next, I was not able to foresee. We stayed at Tallinn, in the flat where we had so often stayed before: at my school friend's flat on Tehnika Street.

May-17-19
Premium Chessgames Member
  Chessical: According to Georges Bertola.

"During one of my meetings with GM Lev Polugayevsky (1934-1995) in the early 90s, he told me the following story about Keres.

"It is true that the behaviour of Keres during the war allowed him to be condemned to death or deportation according to our laws. One of the first to help him was Botvinnik, who interceded at the highest levels of state with Molotov (a signatory of the German-Soviet pact).

A commission met to decide Keres' fate and opinions were very divided. One of the participants asked this question:

'How many Keres do we have in the USSR?'

After a deathly silence, someone dared to make this reply:

'Unfortunately only one, comrade!'

Chess probably saved Keres' life, but there was definitely a price to pay for it."

http://https://www.europe-echecs.co...

May-17-19  Gypsy: <...the highest levels of state with Molotov (a signatory of the German-Soviet pact) ...>

Vyacheslav Molotov -- best known for the eponymous <Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact>, <Molotov Cocktails>, and <Molotov Bread Baskets>:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyach...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molot...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molot...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molot...

Aug-05-19  nimh: The residential building is now completed and the statue of Keres has been reinstalled to a new spot right alongside the sidewalk.

https://ibb.co/N78gP6q

https://ibb.co/D4tVFKw

https://ibb.co/JnX5jFK

Aug-27-19
Premium Chessgames Member
  woldsmandriffield: Reflecting further, Botvinnik ought to have walked away in 1963. He knew he would lose to Petrosian and did in fact retire after losing the title match convincingly. My suspicion is that Botvinnik would have stepped down had Keres prevailed at Curacao.

Would Keres have beaten Petrosian in a title match? In games played 1959 onwards the two players had an even score drawing most of their games. I think there is a real chance Keres would have prevailed and that is why, after Keres defeated Geller in the candidate’s playoff, Botvinnik played Petrosian.

Aug-27-19
Premium Chessgames Member
  Sally Simpson: If it was a Botvinnik - Keres 1963 W.C. match and Botvinnik won all the 1948 shenanigan claims and counter claims would have resurfaced.
Feb-06-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  Eggman: Hollywood legend Kirk Douglas passed away just yesterday at the age of 103. Just to put in perspective the man's longevity, consider that he was born the same year as Paul Keres.
Feb-07-20  JimNorCal: nimh's photos are great!
Several years ago I found the statue at its old location. It was a struggle! But I was quite happy to succeed.
Feb-07-20  nimh: The statue at the previous location was indeed easy to miss walking on the street. Trees were around it and the monument itself several meters away from the sidewalk.
Feb-07-20  ewan14: While living in the USSR I do not think Korchnoi's life was in danger. Post war Keres' was.

Since they are both legends their head to head games should count towards GOAT never to have won the world championship

Feb-07-20  ewan14: Unfortunately I do not think Keres would have beaten Petrosian in a title match
Jun-05-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  MissScarlett: 45th anniversary of Keres's death; funeral footage (no sound): https://twitter.com/olimpiuurcan/st...
Jun-18-20  technical draw: When I first heard of Keres around 1965 I would pronounce his name as Keers. It took a while to change it to Ké-res. Even now I'm not quite sure that's correct. Please put up the correct pronunciation on this great Grandmaster.
Jan-07-21  Chessmusings: Happy Birthday Paul Keres https://dailychessmusings.com/2021/...
Mar-06-21
Premium Chessgames Member
  Stonehenge: Documentary:

http://www.eha.ee/fa/public//index....

Apr-04-21  Caissanist: Joosep Grents, whoever he is, quotes Eduard Tubin, whoever he was, as saying that Keres narrowly escaped being shot by a German firing squad during WWII, in an article for Chess24.com written on the centennial of Keres's birth. I have no idea how much credence to give to that, or to the many other striking stories that Grents/Tubin tells: https://chess24.com/en/read/news/pa... .
Jun-07-21  login:

Bio Tubin
https://aviolinslife.org/eduard-tub...

Twitter Grents (inactive)
https://twitter.com/joosepgrents

Credence 9/10 (Tubin is dead, Grents is a secondary source)

What I understand his elaborations were 'inspired' by a Kivine Paavo book on Keres (including letter correspondence between the close friends Keres/Tubin, reproduced interviews of Tubin's son).

http://etbl.teatriliit.ee/artikkel/...


This Estonian acticle 'Tundmatu Keres ehk Miks malesuurusel ei lubatud maailmameistriks saada'

https://epl.delfi.ee/artikkel/72884...

with comments (behind a paywall, but fortunately unlockable when fed into specific translators) by Andres Vaher, 2015 on 'Eesti Päevaleht'-Online was quite informative.

Again it's up to each the (Estonian) reader to judge the writing style of the book if he/she believes the stories. Gents [who has been awarded a Rector's Prize for his outstanding study results and an exceptional bachelor thesis, see below] does not strike me as a character selling an English audience bogus stories for attention. Still somehow he seems to have moved on.

Did this site not have Estonian 'experts' around here before ...

Keres playing chess in Tartu 1944/45
https://www.herder-institut.de/such...

The Complexities of Hybrid Warfare: A study in ContemporaryMilitary History https://dspace.cuni.cz/bitstream/ha...


On a different topic

Browne vs Keres, 1975 (kibitz #22)

expanding a bit on tympsa's great posting


The Real Coodabeen Champion

'.. It has long been speculated in Estonia that Keres was required to throw his games to eventual winner Mikhail Botvinnik in the 1948 World Championship tournament, though no documentary evidence to support this has ever been produced and neither player ever ‘confessed’.

There is no doubt that Keres was never completely trusted by the Soviet authorities, as shown by the cancellation of his Australian tour in the late 1960s.

The day before Keres was to board his plane to Sydney, he was told that permission to travel had been cancelled, apparently for fear of establishing links with Australia’s largely anti-communist Estonian community. (Relations between Australia and the USSR had already foundered earlier in the decade after Australia refused to extradite an Estonian immigrant, Ervin Viks, for war crimes during WWII. A 1987 Australian inquiry, after Viks had died, found that Viks was responsible for the death of at least 18,000 people.) ..'

https://gardinerchess.com.au/gm-rog...

from 'Gardiner Chess' website by Ian Rogers


War crimes trials in Soviet Estonia [1960s]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_c...


Unrelated
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F1d...

Jump to page #   (enter # from 1 to 48)
search thread:   
< Earlier Kibitzing  · PAGE 45 OF 48 ·  Later Kibitzing>

NOTE: Create an account today to post replies and access other powerful features which are available only to registered users. Becoming a member is free, anonymous, and takes less than 1 minute! If you already have a username, then simply login login under your username now to join the discussion.

Please observe our posting guidelines:

  1. No obscene, racist, sexist, or profane language.
  2. No spamming, advertising, duplicate, or gibberish posts.
  3. No vitriolic or systematic personal attacks against other members.
  4. Nothing in violation of United States law.
  5. No cyberstalking or malicious posting of negative or private information (doxing/doxxing) of members.
  6. No trolling.
  7. The use of "sock puppet" accounts to circumvent disciplinary action taken by moderators, create a false impression of consensus or support, or stage conversations, is prohibited.
  8. Do not degrade Chessgames or any of it's staff/volunteers.

Please try to maintain a semblance of civility at all times.

Blow the Whistle

See something that violates our rules? Blow the whistle and inform a moderator.


NOTE: Please keep all discussion on-topic. This forum is for this specific player only. To discuss chess or this site in general, visit the Kibitzer's Café.

Messages posted by Chessgames members do not necessarily represent the views of Chessgames.com, its employees, or sponsors.
All moderator actions taken are ultimately at the sole discretion of the administration.

Spot an error? Please suggest your correction and help us eliminate database mistakes!
Home | About | Login | Logout | F.A.Q. | Profile | Preferences | Premium Membership | Kibitzer's Café | Biographer's Bistro | New Kibitzing | Chessforums | Tournament Index | Player Directory | Notable Games | World Chess Championships | Opening Explorer | Guess the Move | Game Collections | ChessBookie Game | Chessgames Challenge | Store | Privacy Notice | Contact Us

Copyright 2001-2025, Chessgames Services LLC