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Gioachino Greco
Greco 
No authentic image of Greco is known to exist.
This fanciful rendition appeared in Julio Ganzo's
Historia general del ajedrez, 3rd ed.
(Madrid, 1973), p. 88.
 

Number of games in database: 90
Years covered: 1620 to 1625
Overall record: +88 -0 =0 (100.0%)*
   * Overall winning percentage = (wins+draws/2) / total games in the database. 2 exhibition games, blitz/rapid, odds games, etc. are excluded from this statistic.

MOST PLAYED OPENINGS
With the White pieces:
 King's Gambit Accepted (19) 
    C33 C34 C37 C38 C39
 Giuoco Piano (17) 
    C54 C53
 Bishop's Opening (10) 
    C23
 King's Pawn Game (6) 
    C40 C20
 Philidor's Defense (4) 
    C41
With the Black pieces:
 King's Pawn Game (6) 
    C40 C20
Repertoire Explorer

NOTABLE GAMES: [what is this?]
   Greco vs NN, 1623 1-0
   NN vs Greco, 1620 0-1
   NN vs Greco, 1625 0-1
   Greco vs NN, 1620 1-0
   Greco vs NN, 1620 1-0
   Greco vs NN, 1620 1-0
   Greco vs NN, 1620 1-0
   Greco vs NN, 1620 1-0
   Greco vs NN, 1620 1-0
   Greco vs NN, 1620 1-0

GAME COLLECTIONS: [what is this?]
   0ZeR0's Favorite Games Volume 34 by 0ZeR0
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   NN Needs Fredthe... Reinfeld, Chernev, Horowitz, by rpn4
   52 TJkr's KP Lafd by fredthebear
   99y TJoker's KP Laughed at FTB's Remarks Jack by dheerajmohan
   Checkmate Miniatures by Art2000F
   Miniaturas de Xeque-mate by BrendaVittoria
   Olden games by Littlejohn
   worldvwide 147 by Littlejohn
   Яяoи caяa by CharlieLuciano
   1475-1820/50 Compromise Stan world by fredthebear
   1475-1820/50 Compromise Stan+ worlds 6 by rpn4
   Grecovian Piano Lessons for FTB harken willie by fredthebear
   Il Greco by Halit4


Search Sacrifice Explorer for Gioachino Greco
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GIOACHINO GRECO
(born 1600, died 1634, 34 years old) Italy

[what is this?]

Gioachino Greco, also known as Il Calabrese, was born around 1600 in Celico, Italy near Cosenza in Calabria. In 1619 in Rome, Greco started keeping a notebook of tactics and games, and he took up the custom of giving copies of his manuscripts to his wealthy patrons. These manuscripts offer the most definite facts about his life. There are four Roman manuscripts, two of uncertain date, but the other two clearly dated to February 1620. 1621 finds him in Nancy, France where he dedicated a manuscript to the Duke of Lorraine. He may have visited Paris in 1622, as most histories claim, but the evidence is thin. By 1623, he was in London, where his manuscripts begin to include longer games. In 1624-1625, Greco was in Paris, and his manuscripts from this visit show the continuing refinement of his game.(1)

Details concerning the rest of his life are speculative, relying almost entirely upon a brief account by Alessandro Salvio. According to Salvio, Greco ended up at the court of King Philipp IV in Spain, and from there followed a Spanish nobleman to the West Indies, where he died. As Salvio's text was published in 1634, that is given as the year of his death. Salvio also reports that he bequethed his fortune to the Jesuits. It is also possible that he was robbed to or from his visit to London, and restored his fortunes in Paris. There is speculation contrary to Salvio's claims, based on a 1734 description of a manuscript that is no longer extant, that Greco was back in London in 1632. If true, it gives credence to the long discredited assertion of William Lewis that he died at an advanced age.(2)

Greco published his analysis of the contemporary chess openings (Giuoco Piano, Bishop Opening, King's Gambit, etc.) in the form of short games in manuscripts 1620-1625, but several extant manuscripts are of uncertain date. In 1656, Francis Beale transcribed 94 of Greco's games into a text that was published by Henry Herringman in London.(3) Whatever manuscript was Beale's source no longer exists. A French edition of Greco's games, based on still extant manuscripts, was published in 1669. This text formed the basis of the collections published by William Lewis (1819) and Louis Hoffmann (1900), which in turn formed the sources for today's databases. Both Lewis and Hoffmann offer many variations that are not yet collected in databases. Lewis found 146 variations, which he reduced to 47 games. Hoffmann expanded the number of games to 77, reducing the number of variations appended to each one. Greco's games are regarded as classics of early chess literature and are often taught to beginners.

Jeremy Silman observed, "There are many games which show Greco toying with his hopelessly over-matched opponents, and one gains the impression that he was a master of tactics and of open games, and that he was so far beyond other players of his time that it was, in effect, a case of a grandmaster versus players rated between 1000 and 1800. Once in a while, Greco would face someone who could fight back, which allows us to see Greco's positional skills. It is possible that some, or even all, of the games were fabricated, but even if they were inventions they still show a chess understanding centuries ahead of his time. . . . There never was, and never will be again, a player so far ahead of his time."(4)

(1)Wikipedia article: Gioachino Greco
(2)Peter J. Monté, The Classical Era of Modern Chess (McFarland 2014)
(3)Wikipedia article: Francis Beale (writer)
(4)https://www.chesshistory.com/winter...

Last updated: 2023-09-23 00:12:15

Try our new games table.

 page 1 of 4; games 1-25 of 90  PGN Download
Game  ResultMoves YearEvent/LocaleOpening
1. Greco vs NN 1-0161620Miscellaneous gameC37 King's Gambit Accepted
2. Greco vs NN 1-041620?C20 King's Pawn Game
3. Greco vs NN 1-0211620?C23 Bishop's Opening
4. Greco vs NN 1-0181620Miscellaneous gameC54 Giuoco Piano
5. Greco vs NN 1-0131620Miscellaneous gameC33 King's Gambit Accepted
6. Greco vs NN 1-0241620Miscellaneous gameC33 King's Gambit Accepted
7. Greco vs NN 1-0191620Miscellaneous gameC33 King's Gambit Accepted
8. Greco vs NN 1-0181620Miscellaneous gameC33 King's Gambit Accepted
9. Greco vs NN 1-0241620Miscellaneous gameC34 King's Gambit Accepted
10. Greco vs NN 1-0181620Miscellaneous gameC34 King's Gambit Accepted
11. Greco vs NN 1-0201620Miscellaneous gameC39 King's Gambit Accepted
12. NN vs Greco 0-1181620Miscellaneous gameC37 King's Gambit Accepted
13. Greco vs NN 1-0141620Miscellaneous gameC37 King's Gambit Accepted
14. Greco vs NN 1-0201620Miscellaneous gameC33 King's Gambit Accepted
15. Greco vs NN 1-0151620Miscellaneous gameC38 King's Gambit Accepted
16. Greco vs NN 1-0161620Miscellaneous gameC38 King's Gambit Accepted
17. Greco vs NN 1-0151620Miscellaneous gameC23 Bishop's Opening
18. Greco vs NN 1-0231620Miscellaneous gameC23 Bishop's Opening
19. Greco vs NN 1-0241620Miscellaneous gameC23 Bishop's Opening
20. Greco vs NN 1-0151620Miscellaneous gameC23 Bishop's Opening
21. Greco vs NN 1-0191620Miscellaneous gameC23 Bishop's Opening
22. Greco vs NN 1-0221620Miscellaneous gameC23 Bishop's Opening
23. NN vs Greco 0-191620Miscellaneous gameC26 Vienna
24. Greco vs NN 1-0211620Miscellaneous gameB21 Sicilian, 2.f4 and 2.d4
25. Greco vs NN 1-0321620Miscellaneous gameB20 Sicilian
 page 1 of 4; games 1-25 of 90  PGN Download
  REFINE SEARCH:   White wins (1-0) | Black wins (0-1) | Draws (1/2-1/2) | Greco wins | Greco loses  

Kibitzer's Corner
< Earlier Kibitzing  · PAGE 13 OF 14 ·  Later Kibitzing>
Jun-10-20  mahaprabhu krishna: My god! Did Greco lose any game??
Greco I think is perfect one to follow for the beginners to improve in quickest fashion
Jun-10-20  jith1207: <Once they got to King and 62 Queens vs. King and still couldn't win>:

That's effectively a stalemate position. ;)

<Did Greco lose any game??>

Greco won each game so easily that he retired from Chess and started composing Chess Games by himself.

Jun-10-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  Ziryab: The "duplicitous cover up" expressed in the term "Gioachino Greco vs NN" is a late twentieth century innovation that cannot be explained by the motives of anyone in the late-sixteenth or early-seventeenth century. Earlier in the twentieth century, the phrasing would have been Greco vs. Amateur. In all of Greco's manuscripts, and every publication based upon them, there are no names of players.

Rather you find expressions akin to Beale's (1656):

Gambett. XI
Play the last to this mark vv

B. king to his queens house
White queens bishop takes the contrary pawn
and so on

Hoffmann (1900) simply has Game I, Game II, and so on. With variations interspersed. He employs what we recognize today as English descriptive notation. Hence, B. king to his queens house would be K-Q1.

White always wins in Greco's MSS. The games that you find in these collections that have Black winning were presented in Greco with Black having the first move. Naturally, our database software does not accommodate this convention. The convention of the first player always having White arose in the last half of the nineteenth century.

Jun-11-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  jessicafischerqueen:

Post by User: just some NN

Biographer Bistro (kibitz #20879)

<The Gioaccino Greco page has some wild claims in it, jutifying it with "Chess historian Sean J Manross has postulated in his study "Mastering Chess: Through the Ages" (2016)".

Can someone else take a look? I can't find the referenced book, and the claims seem super unlikely.>

Jun-11-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  jessicafischerqueen:

Post by User: User: jessicafischerqueen

Biographer Bistro (kibitz #20880)

<I looked at the Gioachino Greco page and the Sean J Manross page, and I also looked at the hidden edit histories on these pages, which can be accessed by cg.com editors.

According to the edit history notes, both pages appear to have been written by, and last edited by, User: User: Alpinemaster .

I cannot find any documentation on Google that confirms the existence of a book entitled "Mastering Chess: Through the Ages (2016)". This book, if it exists, is given as the source for a rather lurid and certainly contentious theory about <Greco> in our cg.com bio page. This theory is sorely in need of corroboration.

The Google search terms "Mastering Chess: Through the Ages (2016)" reveal multiple hits on this exact phrase: <Chess historian Sean J Manross has postulated in his study "Mastering Chess: Through the Ages" (2016) that the supposedly-genius mind of Gioachino Greco ...>

These Google search terms yield no actual information about a book called "Mastering Chess: Through the Ages (2016)". There is no information on city of publication or name of publishing company.

I think the book could likely be a vanity publication. But the most important thing is where the contentious information comes from. In this case, I believe a bona fide primary source is absolutely required.

None of this looks "ok" to me, at least in its present form. I think colleagues should take a good, long look at the <Greco> page, especially cg.com editors who have access to the edit history notes. I suspect this is one man's (unpublished) pet theory that has been promulgated on a variety of web sites, including cg.com. It's a contentious theory that requires adequate source documentation and corroboration. If that cannot be provided, I think we should consider deleting it from our <Greco> biography.>

Jun-11-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  jessicafischerqueen:

Post by User: Paint My Dragon

Biographer Bistro (kibitz #20882)

<Re: Greco
The theory of sexual scandal causing games to be recorded anonymously (e.g. Greco-NN) may be one explanation, but seems fairly convoluted to me.

As far as I recall, the simpler and more usual understanding was that Greco made these games up to show brilliancies and to entertain in his manuscripts. He may well have been the first brilliant 'composer' of chess.

The modern day thirst for truth and accuracy in chess did not prevail back then - it was more desirable to show fabricated pyrotechnics than to present actual games of chess. But of course the masquerade of Greco-NN allowed him to do both.>

Jun-11-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  jessicafischerqueen:

Post by User: jessicafischerqueen

Biographer Bistro (kibitz #20885)

<<Paint My Dragon> Your post makes a lot of sense to me. I think we should replace the more colorful segment of the extant <Greco> bio with something very like what you just posted here. I counsel a conservative approach with some actual citations, possibly from something as basic as <Hooper and Whyld>?

I wonder if <Edward Winter> has weighed in on Greco. Today I will have a look over there.

I think it more likely than not that there is a book called "Mastering Chess: Through the Ages (2016)", and it needn't be a vanity press project- it could simply be a book that had a limited release and was never offered for wider sale. This might account for the absence of publication details on the internet. If such publication details cannot be provided, then the book shouldn't be listed as a source.

More crucially, the book's theory on <Greco> has to be substantiated with strong corroborative evidence. At present, we have no method of accessing that evidence, and until we have a chance to evaluate it, I think we should excise that portion of our bio. Citing stronger sources for the rest of what's there would be a good idea as well.>

Jun-11-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  jessicafischerqueen:

Post by User: jessicafischerqueen

Biographer Bistro (kibitz #20886)

<In addition, I suspect that User: Alpinemaster , the writer of both the Sean J Manross and the Gioachino Greco bios, is likely the book's author himself- Sean J Manross. Again, it would be good if other cg editors took a close look at the editing notes/history of our Greco and Manross bios.>

Jun-11-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  jessicafischerqueen:

Post by User: Paint My Dragon

Biographer Bistro (kibitz #20887)

<Yes, Hooper and Whyld say: "Although probably fictitious, the games were lively and exciting".

Calvin Olson gives a little more detail on why he thinks they weren't real, in <The Chess Kings: Vol. 1, p20>.

Two other texts that question whether his games were real or invented:

<Chess Bits and ... Obits - CJS Purdy, p67> and <The Kings Of Chess - WR Hartston, p14>

Of course, it's fair to say that a number of other authors don't make such claims and just remark on how tactically entertaining his games were.>

Jun-11-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  jessicafischerqueen:

Post by User: just some NN

Biographer Bistro (kibitz #20888)

<Well of course, once you've composed a game, it's just a matter of finding some NN who will fall into your trap. At which point it becomes 'real', I guess? So I've never entirely understood that debate. (But thanks everyone for your time!)>

Jun-11-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  jessicafischerqueen:

Post by User: jessicafischerqueen

Biographer Bistro (kibitz #20890)

===

<Here's a post by User: Alpinemaster from May 3, 2015 which mentions the Sean J Manross book:

Biographer Bistro (kibitz #10603)

No bibliographical details are given in his announcement about "Mastering Chess: Through the Ages."

If we edit the <Greco> bio, I think it's important to involve <Annie K> in this conversation, because User: Alpinemaster is a cg.com editor, and we want to avoid an "editing war."

If we change the biography, I think the admins should send an email to <Alpinemaster> advising him what we plan to change. Possibly he would like to weigh in or supply additional information, which we can then evaluate further.>

Jun-11-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  Ziryab: Sean J. Manross offers an intriguing thesis, but he should seek to publish it in a manner that allows others to examine both its claims and its sources. Posting a summary of his unpublished book in the biography of Greco here is not the appropriate way to give his ideas a fair hearing.

I, for one, would like to see some evidence that Polerio did not die as reported in 1610, but somehow was traveling incognito in France and England in his 70s, leaving behind a trail of manuscripts from which scholars such as J.A. Leon and H.J.R. Murray reconstructed elements of Greco's biography.

Jun-11-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  jessicafischerqueen:

Post by User: jessicafischerqueen

Biographer Bistro (kibitz #20891)

<<Paint my Dragon> excellent.

Might you post a summary of the relevant information from the <Olsen> and <Purdy> sources? I have the other two books you mentioned. Be sure to include the bibliographical information in full, as well as page numbers. This will help us properly document what other historians are saying about <Greco's> games. Or "games.">

Jun-11-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  jessicafischerqueen:

Post by User: Paint My Dragon

Biographer Bistro (kibitz #20892)

<Okay, from the Purdy book (Thinker's Press, 2006) p.67: <Greco's manuscripts purported to show his own games; but it is generally thought that the games were, in fact, modified (i.e. composed) to show brilliancies.>

From the Olson book (Trafford, 2006) p.20:

<Even though Greco is known to have played some of the best players in Rome, France and England, it is questionable whether any of the games he preserved are actual games. They appear to be mostly a collection of opening traps. The short and precise nature of the games and the lack of any known opponents lead me to speculate that they were analysis invented for his publication. The work may have initially derived from actual games but the precision and economy of these traps give the appearance of having been sanitized for publication. This seems reasonable since a large proportion of Greco's income appears to have come from the sale of his manuscript to wealthy patrons and chess opponents.>

-------------

Incidentally, Eales' <Chess: The History of a Game> also contains relevant material, but it is sprawled over a dozen or so pages and I haven't got the patience to sift through! If you have that book it may be worth a look.>

Jun-11-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  jessicafischerqueen:

Post by User: Paint My Dragon

Biographer Bistro (kibitz #20893)

<If the Alpinemaster material is removed, then one option is to simply move it into Kibbitzing. An Alpinemaster will be familiar with skiing off-piste!>

Jun-11-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  jessicafischerqueen:

Post by User: jessicafischerqueen

Biographer Bistro (kibitz #20895)

<Thank you <Paint My Dragon>!

I think it's a good idea to move at least the Manross book material to the kibbutzing. I will do some work on sourcing in the next few days and then try to improve the bio after that.>

Jun-11-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  jessicafischerqueen:

Post by User: Ziryab

Biographer Bistro (kibitz #20898)

<I have been following up this claim, "the key primary source, Alessandro Salvio, remains ENTIRELY NOT AWARE that some chess phenom named 'Gioachino Greco' ever existed." Greco is mentioned on page 47 of Alessandro Salvio, Il Puttino, altramente detto: il Cavaliero errante del Salvio, sopra il gioco de scacchi con la sua Apologia contra il Carrera ... (1634).

(Unfortunately, I do not read Italian.)>

Jun-11-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  jessicafischerqueen:

Post by User: Ziryab

Biographer Bistro (kibitz #20900)

<Nonetheless, Google Translate gives me the gist of the passage, which appears to be a source for assertions that Giacchino Greco (Salvio's spelling) went to the Indies and died there. William Lewis incorrectly asserts that Greco died at an old age in the East Indies, but most writers assert that he died as a young man in the West Indies. As Salvio's text was published in 1634, that is the date given for the end of Greco's life. I have read that claim elsewhere. Greco may have died some years earlier. Salvio also appears to be a source for the assertion that Greco bequeathed his money to the Jesuits (Padri Gesuiti is the name Salvio employs).>

Jun-11-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  jessicafischerqueen:

Post by cg.com administrator User: Annie K.

Biographer Bistro (kibitz #20903)

<I sent an email to User: Alpinemaster asking him to visit and offer his input on Greco. Hope he gets the mail. :)>

Jun-12-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  Ziryab: J. A. Leon's assessment of Greco's games from a biographical article published in <British Chess Magazine> 15 (March 1895).

“Greco’s celebrated collection of games does not, as v. d. Lasa points out, form a text-book. It consists of a number of variations without any proper connection, and is entirely unaccompanied by notes. Very weak moves are found accompanying the most hazardous attacks, while the plain straight-forward game is frequently overlooked. Nevertheless, these games are highly instructive, and according to Ponziani’s correct judgement, are well calculated to stimulate new ideas in a young imagination. They are artistically arranged, and are, as it were, taken from life, containing as they do those very errors apt to be committed by weak, and occasionally even by the strongest players. They abound in numerous suitably selected traps and notwithstanding the absence of notes, contain many highly ingenious combinations.” (110-111)

Jun-12-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  MissScarlett: <Gioachino Greco, also known as Il Calabrese, was possibly born..>

I'm insistent that he was definitely born.

Jun-12-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  jessicafischerqueen:

Post by User: Ziryab (edited)

Biographer Bistro (kibitz #20925)

<I have my own writing (and database) projects in the works concerning Greco, which is what led me back here a few days ago.* I could help if I can guard against the errors Alpinemaster made (pushing his own work). I do hope that we hear from him. Although I find Manross's claims a little far-fetched, they intrigue me.

*I now have a database that contains all 94 of Greco's games as presented in Francis Beale's 1656 text. Nine of these are in ChessBase Mega 2020 (but Beale carries three of these further). I suspect that the selection here is quite close to what is in CB Mega, and am currently cataloging the differences.>

Jun-13-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  jessicafischerqueen:

Post by User: Lossmaster

Biographer Bistro (kibitz #20941)

<<Ziryab> and anyone interested in Greco and, more generally, in the first 150 years of modern chess (roughly, 1490-1640) should get a copy of the late Peter J. Monté’s book "The Classical Era of Modern Chess" (McFarland, 2014). It’s an impressive 600-page work of scholarship and an indispendable reference book. There’s an entire chapter about Greco (pp. 318-354), his life, his manuscripts and their later printed editions, his sources (like Polerio), his games, openings, problems, etc., with references to the latest literature on the subject. In the biographical section you’ll find, among other things, the Italian text and English translation of Salvio’s book passage about Greco (p. 318). Chessgames.com editors might especially be interested in part II of Monté’s book (pp. 439-530), where all known games and opening lines of that pioneering era are presented (not as individual gamescores, but as one huge tree of line variations, with translated annotations and source references, usually at the end of each branch of the tree). I’m well aware that many of the "games" were probably composed rather than played against a real opponent, and that many are short incomplete games, but in my mind, the very first documented instance of any opening variation should deserve to be in a chess game database, if only for its historical value, at least for those earliest and least documented centuries of the modern game.

I may be wrong, but the book doesn’t seem to be widely known around here. I used it once as a reference to debunk the spurious game Lucena vs Quintana, 1515 (see my 2017 comment under the game), but with little effect.

Publisher’s page: https://mcfarlandbooks.com/product/...

Review by the Chess History & Literature Society: https://www.kwabc.org/en/monte-pete...

Edward Winter’s Chess Note: C.N. 9716

Author’s page in CG: Peter Monte >

Jun-14-20
Premium Chessgames Member
  Tabanus: More posts from Bistro:

Jun-13-20 Ziryab: <lossmaster> Monte's book looks terrific. Unfortunate that no one has answered Edward Winter's query. The most extensive review of the book I find in a quick search is https://www.researchgate.net/public.... While I wait for a copy to arrive, perhaps you could fill in two details that I suspect he addresses in the book.

1) Do we have a source other than Salvio for the end of Greco's life by 1634 and his bequest to the Jesuits?

2) What source, if any, establishes the approximate year of his birth?

###

Jun-14-20 Lossmaster: <1) Do we have a source other than Salvio for the end of Greco's life by 1634 and his bequest to the Jesuits?> Here’s how Monté puts it: “Apart from the peculiarities from his manuscripts (see below), some data of his short lifetime are exclusively derived from Salvio’s report in 1634, written shortly after Greco’s alleged death.”

This is the last part of Monté’s translation of Salvio’s report: “Thereupon the said Giacchino departed, accompanying a great lord to the Indies, where he died. He left all his belongings to the Jesuit Fathers as I was told by the great doctor Mr. Paulo Emilio Ferrero, the Neapolitan, who was then the physician to the Queen of France and later the Queen of Spain. Nowadays he is Protomedico in Naples on behalf of His Majesty, Philip IV.”

Monté goes on: “In view of Salvio’s suspicous records on López, Leonardo and Boi, as described in previous chapters, his report on Greco needs to be compared to other sources in a close analysis, involving chess literature as well.”

Concerning the specific matter of his death, Monté further says: “Greco’s death is pushed out to an advanced age by Lewis. In ‘Le Palamède’ it is added that he was a Jesuit when dying old in the East Indies. More recent literature dates his Madrid encounter to 1625(-1627) and Greco’s early death to 1630-1634, having joined a (Spanish) nobleman going to the West Indies. According to Chicco (1983), Greco’s still being alive ca. 1640, as given in the catalogue of the Cleveland Public Library, seems erroneous; however, in view of Beyer’s information it should not be excluded.” Monté here refers to a still unidentified Greco manuscript which, according to August Beyer (in a 1734 book), mentions that Greco was living in London in 1632.

Elsewhere, Monté adds: “Whereas Salvio’s account can be doubted, two questionable major events, Greco’s sojourn in Paris in 1622 and his death in the Indies before 1634, might be attested to or refuted by a closer examination of the biographies of his French opponents and by a fortunate discovery of hitherto unknown manuscripts (particularly Beyer’s MS and the source for the printed French edition of 1669).”

<2) What source, if any, establishes the approximate year of his birth?>

Monté says “probably in or shortly before 1600” with no source given. Maybe it’s based on the fact that, in Salvio’s report, Greco is said to be a youngster (“giovane”) during events of his life occurring in the 1620’s. As Monté puts it: “Actually, all approximately dated facts of Greco’s life are exclusively provided by his manuscripts: In 1619-1620 he was in Rome, in 1621 in Nancy, in 1623 in England and in 1624-1625 in France.”

His birthplace is better established. Plate 84 of the book is the title page of the “Libretto manuscript” (ca. 1620), with the mention, probably written in Greco’s own hand: “giochino greco / calabrese di la tera di celico”. Celico is a little town about 10 km from Cosenza, in Calabria. Cosenza is also mentioned in another of his manuscripts.

Sep-19-20  Marcelo Bruno: Theodor von Scheve, in his essay "Der Geist des Schachspiels" (1919), speculates that Greco probably died in Brazil.
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