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Philidor
Philidor 
 

Number of games in database: 51
Years covered: 1749 to 1795
Overall record: +14 -3 =3 (77.5%)*
   * Overall winning percentage = (wins+draws/2) / total games in the database. 31 exhibition games, blitz/rapid, odds games, etc. are excluded from this statistic.

MOST PLAYED OPENINGS
With the White pieces:
 King's Gambit Accepted (6) 
    C35 C33 C38
With the Black pieces:
 Bishop's Opening (5) 
    C23 C24
Repertoire Explorer

NOTABLE GAMES: [what is this?]
   A Smith vs Philidor, 1790 0-1
   J Bruehl vs Philidor, 1783 0-1
   Philidor vs NN, 1749 1-0
   Philidor vs NN, 1750 1-0
   Philidor vs NN, 1749 1-0
   Philidor vs NN, 1749 1-0
   NN vs Philidor, 1749 0-1
   Philidor vs J Bruehl, 1789 1-0
   Philidor vs NN, 1749 1-0
   Sheldon vs Philidor, 1790 0-1

GAME COLLECTIONS: [what is this?]
   Obds (Part 1) by Penguincw
   Philidor by Okavango
   Philidor by rjuranek
   Philidor by Runemaster
   a-1749 by wina
   1 by gr2cae
   early games by wwall
   Chess Prehistory by Joe Stanley
   Chess Prehistory by Okavango
   17 Chess Prehistory Lid by Littlejohn

GAMES ANNOTATED BY PHILIDOR: [what is this?]
   NN vs Philidor, 1749


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PHILIDOR
(born Sep-07-1726, died Aug-31-1795, 68 years old) France

[what is this?]

Philidor (né François André Danican), born Dreux FRA; died London ENG.

His grandfather was a Hautboy-player at the Court of Lewis XIII. An Italian Musician named Philidor, was admired at that Court for his performance on the same instrument; and after his departure the King gave Mr. Danican the Sobriquet or nick-name of Philidor, which has still remained in the family. His father, and several of his brothers, belonged to the band of Lewis XIV and Lewis XV.(1)

He was both a chess and musical prodigy—his first musical composition was played before King Louis XV when he was only 11 years old. He was taught chess by Kermur Sire De Legal, who initially gave him rook odds, until the young Philidor became too strong for his teacher.

In 1744 Philidor played two chess games blindfolded simultaneously in public in Paris, a feat never before known to have been accomplished. In 1749 his "Analysis of Chess" was published in London, the first chess book to explain the openings, the middlegame, and the general strategy of chess. The book claimed that Les pions sont l'ame du jeu, a phrase that became widely known as 'the pawns are the soul of chess', a maxim known to chessplayers ever since.

Three different important endgame positions are known as the Philidor position.(2) One of them, illustrating a defensive technique in the rook and pawn versus rook ending, is among the most fundamental endgame positions.(3) Philidor's analysis of the Philidor position in the rook and bishop versus rook ending, demonstrating a complicated and difficult win for the superior side, is perhaps the most profound analysis of an endgame up until that time.

Philidor's name is also associated with a standard chess tactic commonly known as Philidor's Legacy, a smothered mating pattern involving a queen and knight. However this is only a traditional name, as the tactic first appeared in print by a book by Luis Ramirez de Lucena.

Sources
(1) Chess, "Anecdotes of Mr. Philidor Communicated by Himself", Twiss, London 1787, p149
(2) Wikipedia article: Philidor position
(3) 100 Endgames You Must Know, Jesus Maria de la Villa Garcia, New in Chess.

References
Wikipedia article: Francois-Andre Danican Philidor; List of Operas by Philidor: Wikipedia article: List of operas by Philidor; YouTube recording of Philidor's Sancho Panza (1762) / Opera-bouffon in one act / Opera LaFayette: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OHzP...

Last updated: 2025-04-25 22:43:16

Try our new games table.

 page 1 of 3; games 1-25 of 51  PGN Download
Game  ResultMoves YearEvent/LocaleOpening
1. NN vs Philidor 0-1321749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC41 Philidor Defense
2. Philidor vs NN 1-0281749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC30 King's Gambit Declined
3. Philidor vs NN ½-½241749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC31 King's Gambit Declined, Falkbeer Counter Gambit
4. Philidor vs NN 1-0521749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC33 King's Gambit Accepted
5. Philidor vs NN 1-0231749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC33 King's Gambit Accepted
6. Philidor vs NN 1-0221749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC35 King's Gambit Accepted, Cunningham
7. Philidor vs NN 0-1441749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC35 King's Gambit Accepted, Cunningham
8. Philidor vs NN 0-1401749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC35 King's Gambit Accepted, Cunningham
9. Philidor vs NN 1-0231749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC32 King's Gambit Declined, Falkbeer Counter Gambit
10. NN vs Philidor 0-1281749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC41 Philidor Defense
11. Philidor vs NN 1-0401749Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC23 Bishop's Opening
12. Philidor vs NN 1-0161750Analyse du jeu des ÉchecsC38 King's Gambit Accepted
13. Bernard / Carlier vs Philidor 1-0321780Consultation Game000 Chess variants
14. J Bruehl vs Philidor 0-1471783Philidor Blindfold Simul 3b, LondonC23 Bishop's Opening
15. T Bowdler vs Philidor ½-½511783Philidor Blindfold Simul 3b, LondonB20 Sicilian
16. F Maseres vs Philidor 0-1581783Philidor Blindfold Simul 3b, London000 Chess variants
17. Philidor vs J Bruehl ½-½491787Casual game, rook odds for pawn and move000 Chess variants
18. J Bruehl vs Philidor ½-½441787Philidor Blindfold simul, 2b LondonC23 Bishop's Opening
19. Leycester vs Philidor 0-1291788Casual game, knight odds000 Chess variants
20. Leycester vs Philidor 1-0491788Casual game, knight odds000 Chess variants
21. Leycester vs Philidor ½-½791788Casual game, knight odds000 Chess variants
22. de Beaurevoir vs Philidor  0-1561788Casual game, odds of pawn and two moves000 Chess variants
23. de Beaurevoir vs Philidor  0-1371788Casual game, odds of pawn and two moves000 Chess variants
24. Philidor vs J Bruehl 0-1201788Casual game, rook odds for pawn and move000 Chess variants
25. Leycester vs Philidor 0-1351788Odds London000 Chess variants
 page 1 of 3; games 1-25 of 51  PGN Download
  REFINE SEARCH:   White wins (1-0) | Black wins (0-1) | Draws (1/2-1/2) | Philidor wins | Philidor loses  

Kibitzer's Corner
< Earlier Kibitzing  · PAGE 10 OF 12 ·  Later Kibitzing>
Sep-07-12  rapidcitychess: Years beyond his time...

Happy birthday, if you can hear me.

Sep-07-12
Premium Chessgames Member
  LoveThatJoker: WC Philidor, today you are remembered!

LTJ

Oct-31-12  Conrad93: I don't think he years beyond his time, more like generations. His ideas are astoundingly modern.
May-21-13  Expendable Asset: You can still obtain a copy of Philidor's book <Analysis of the Game of Chess> here: http://www.amazon.com/Analysis-Ches....

Book description: <This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.>

May-21-13
Premium Chessgames Member
  ketchuplover: Happy birthday and RIP or vice-versa.
May-21-13  brankat: <ketchuplover> <Happy birthday and RIP or vice-versa.> Apparently neither :-)

FRANçOIS ANDRé PHILIDOR

(born Sep-07-1726, died Aug-31-1795) France

Sep-07-13  brankat: Today is the day.
Sep-07-13  twinlark: <Conrad> Finally something to agree with! Indeed Philidor was ridiculously ahead of his time. The first deep thinker of the game.
Sep-07-13
Premium Chessgames Member
  Penguincw: R.I.P. To one of the best players who ever lived.
Jan-23-14  Karpova: A question:

In his article on Philidor's Blindfold play on pages 202-206 of the July-August 1912 'Wiener Schachzeitung', Krejcik annotates these three games from a blindfold Simul:

J Bruehl vs Philidor, 1783
T Bowdler vs Philidor, 1783
Maseres vs Philidor, 1783

The games are introduced (p. 203) by a quote from the <London News-Papers vom 8. Mai 1785> and the first sentence reads <Gestern hat Philidor im Schach-Klub in der St. Jamesstreet [...].> which says that Philidor gave a 3-player blindfold Simul yesterday, i. e. May 7, 1785.

Now, the three games here are all dated 1783, only the one against Maseres more detailed as May 8, 1783.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C... has May 9, 1783, but without a source.

Von Mauvillon ('Anweisung zur Erlernung des Schach-Spiels, mit besonderer Rücksicht auf diejenigen, denen das Spiel durchaus unbekannt ist', 1827) has May 8, 1785: http://books.google.de/books?id=7iU...

http://www.chesscafe.com/text/kibit... has 1783, but the date May 8 appears questionable (perhaps Philidor drawing Brühl, beating Jennings and Erskine) and May 26 as the Brühl-Bowdler-Mazieres(Maseres) display according to the 'Whitehall Evening Post'.

<SBC> got a two-game blindfold Simul on May 8, 1783, against Brühl and Bowdler (and possibly Atwood): http://www.edochess.ca/batgirl/Phil... giving the very Brühl game.

So my question: Is 1783 or 1785 correct and what about the exact date? Is it May 8 only because of a newspaper of that day? I wouldn't be surprised if 1785 was a typo or Krejcik followed an incorrect, earlier source, but want to bring up this issue. In my opinion, it seems as if these games were played in May 1783. But the day may not be that clear.

Jan-23-14  thomastonk: <Karpova> I've the "Whitehall Evening Post" of May 27 - 29 (!?), 1783 before me. The text is:

"Monday, at the Chess Club in St.James's street, Mr. Philidor performed one of those wonderful exhibitions for which he is so much celebrated. He played at the same time three different games without seeing either of the tables. His opponents were Compte Bruhl and Dr. Browdler (the two best players in London) and Mr. Mazieres. He defeated Compte Bruhl in an hour and twenty minutes, and Mr. Mazieres in two hours. Dr. Browdler reduced his game to a drawn battle in an hour and three quarters. [...]"

(I've left out the text that you can find in the kibitzer issue.) There are no game scores.

The same article appeared in the "Morning Herald and Daily Advertiser" (London) on May 28, 1783.

Jan-23-14  Karpova: <thomastonk>

Thank you very much! As the 'Whitehall Evening Post' you quoted refers to Monday, it establishes the date of the 3-player blindfold Simul as May 26, 1783 - as this is the date of Monday of that week according to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Grea...

Mar-11-14
Premium Chessgames Member
  offramp: If he were brought forward to the present day he'd need just a couple of minutes to catch up on theory then he'd be straight in settling the hash of these parvenus Carlsen, Aronian and their kith. LOL!
Jun-07-14  Conrad93: How is the first name pronounced?
Jun-07-14  TheFocus: Frankis.

French for frankencense.

Jun-07-14  Conrad93: Damn. I've been pronouncing it as Franco...

Oh, well. Lesson learned.

Sep-07-14
Premium Chessgames Member
  Penguincw: R.I.P. chess master François André Philidor.
Dec-26-14  TheFocus: <It is well-known that chess and music go well together, and many are those who have achieved unusual proficiency in both> - Tartakower.
Jan-22-15
Premium Chessgames Member
  jnpope: Does anyone know of any chess database program that can correctly play through games at rook odds where the player castles toward the missing rook, such as in the following game? Note: slashes reversed in the FEN for posting.

[Event "<Ra1,Pc7>"]
[Site "?"]
[Date "????.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Philidor"]
[Black "Atwood"]
[Result "0-1"]
[SetUp "1"]
[FEN "rnbqkbnr\pp1ppppp\8\8\8\8\PPPPPPPP\1NBQKBNR w KQkq - 0 1"]

[PlyCount "94"]

1.e4 e5 2.f4 d6 3.Nf3 Bg4 4.Bc4 Nc6 5.c3 Nf6 6.d3 exf4 7.Bxf4 Qb6 8.Bxf7+ Ke7 9.Bb3 Na5 10.Nbd2 Re8 11.Qe2 Kd8 12.h3 Bxf3 13.Qxf3 Be7 14.0-0-0 Rhf8 15.Be3 Qc7 16.Ba4 Nd7 17.Qe2 a6 18.b4 Nc6 19.Kb2 Bf6 20.d4 Kc8 21.Bc2 b5 22.a4 Qb7 23.Bd3 Kc7 24.Ra1 Rb8 25.Kc2 bxa4 26.Bxa6 Nxb4+ 27.cxb4 Qxb4 28.Rb1 Qa3 29.Qc4+ Kd8 30.Rxb8+ Nxb8 31.Qc8+ Ke7 32.Qc7+ Nd7 33.Bb5 Rd8 34.Bf2 Bg5 35.Qc3 Qxc3+ 36.Kxc3 Bxd2+ 37.Kxd2 Ra8 38.Bh4+ Ke8 39.Kc2 h6 40.Be1 Ke7 41.e5 d5 42.Bb4+ Ke6 43.Kb2 Nxe5 44.dxe5 Rb8 45.Ka3 Rxb5 46.Kxa4 Rxb4+ 47.Kxb4 Kxe5 «Chess Studies: Comprising One Thousand Games, 1844, p51» 0-1

Even though they start out with the correct position, both ChessBase and the Arena software I have will create a rook out of thin air after White castles.

Mar-19-15  vonKrolock: The complete opera "Tom Jones" sung in English and performed in 1995 at the Stockholm theatre that was reopened in 1766 (!) after a fire seriously damaged it three years before ... In three acts, respectively

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jdz...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ta...

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEC...

This work can be appreciated as a piece of theatre with music in the elegant style of Philidor, who wants to compare with the original French text, can find video trailers of the Lausanne performance (already in this century) here ...

https://www.jpc.de/jpcng/classic/de...

... and a pair of excerpts staged last year in Montpellier here

http://videotheque.univ-montp3.fr/v...

http://videotheque.univ-montp3.fr/v...

May-11-15  TheFocus: <A pawn, when separated from his fellows, will seldom or never make a fortune> - Francois-Andre Danican Philidor.
May-11-15  TheFocus: <It is always advantageous to exchange your king's bishop pawn for the king's pawn, since this leads to the seizure of the centre and, in addition, to the opening of a file for the rook>. - Francois-Andre Danican Philidor.
May-19-15  TheFocus: <If a poor musician had come upon him ... The extreme kindheartedness and absence of Philidor knew no resistance to the appeal for charity, and precluded all discrimination of means. He gave whatever he could lay his hands on - coat, hat, shoes ...> (on Philidor) - George Allen.
May-22-15  zanzibar: Uh, I thought <CG> only used ascii-characters in the player names, right?!

Guess not.

Aug-23-15  TheFocus: Philidor once said: "Pawns are the soul of chess."

He also said: "Fish eyes are the windows to the sole."

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