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Paul Morphy
Morphy 
 

Number of games in database: 456
Years covered: 1848 to 1869
Overall record: +167 -25 =16 (84.1%)*
   * Overall winning percentage = (wins+draws/2) / total games in the database. 248 exhibition games, blitz/rapid, odds games, etc. are excluded from this statistic.

MOST PLAYED OPENINGS
With the White pieces:
 Evans Gambit (43) 
    C51 C52
 King's Gambit Accepted (22) 
    C39 C37 C38 C35 C34
 Sicilian (14) 
    B44 B21 B40 B20
 King's Gambit Declined (13) 
    C30 C31
 Philidor's Defense (12) 
    C41
 French Defense (9) 
    C01 C00
With the Black pieces:
 King's Gambit Accepted (21) 
    C33 C39 C38
 Ruy Lopez (15) 
    C77 C65 C64 C60 C78
 Evans Gambit (13) 
    C51 C52
 Giuoco Piano (10) 
    C53 C50 C54
 Philidor's Defense (7) 
    C41
 King's Pawn Game (4) 
    C44
Repertoire Explorer

NOTABLE GAMES: [what is this?]
   Morphy vs Duke Karl / Count Isouard, 1858 1-0
   Paulsen vs Morphy, 1857 0-1
   Bird vs Morphy, 1858 0-1
   J Schulten vs Morphy, 1857 0-1
   Morphy vs Schrufer, 1859 1-0
   Morphy vs Le Carpentier, 1849 1-0
   Morphy vs Anderssen, 1858 1-0
   N Marache vs Morphy, 1857 0-1
   Morphy vs A Morphy, 1850 1-0
   Morphy vs Anderssen, 1858 1-0

NOTABLE TOURNAMENTS: [what is this?]
   Morphy - Mongredien (1859)
   1st American Chess Congress, New York (1857)
   Anderssen - Morphy (1858)
   Morphy - Lowenthal (1858)
   Morphy - Harrwitz (1858)

GAME COLLECTIONS: [what is this?]
   Paul Morphy -The Great Chess Genius by Timothy Glenn Forney
   Paul Morphy -The Great Chess Genius by fphaase
   Paul Morphy -The Great Chess Genius by nbabcox
   Paul Morphy -The Great Chess Genius by Beatlesrob
   Paul Morphy Conquered the World Says Fredthebear by rpn4
   Paul Morphy Conquered the World Says Fredthebear by fredthebear
   Paul Morphy Conquered the World Says Fredthebear by rpn4
   Paul Morphy Conquered the World by Okavango
   Paul Morphy Conquered the World Says Fredthebear by rpn4
   Paul Morphy Conquered the World Says Fredthebear by demirchess
   Morphy Favorites by rookchat9
   Morphy Favorites by chocobonbon
   0ZeR0's collected games volume 64 by 0ZeR0
   10 Louis leg end inspired FTB obj by fredthebear

GAMES ANNOTATED BY MORPHY: [what is this?]
   La Bourdonnais vs McDonnell, 1834
   La Bourdonnais vs McDonnell, 1834
   La Bourdonnais vs McDonnell, 1834
   McDonnell vs La Bourdonnais, 1834
   La Bourdonnais vs McDonnell, 1834
   >> 31 GAMES ANNOTATED BY MORPHY


Search Sacrifice Explorer for Paul Morphy
Search Google for Paul Morphy

PAUL MORPHY
(born Jun-22-1837, died Jul-10-1884, 47 years old) United States of America

[what is this?]

Paul Charles Morphy was born in New Orleans. He was the son of a successful lawyer and judge Alonzo Morphy. His uncle, Ernest Morphy, claims that no one formally taught Morphy how to play chess, but rather that he learned the rules by observing games between himself and Alonzo. When Morphy was only 12 years old, Johann Jacob Loewenthal visited New Orleans and at the behest of his father, agreed to play a casual match with the prodigy. Young Paul won 2½ to ½.

In 1857, Morphy won the 1st American Chess Congress, New York (1857) with a dominating performance. This success prompted a European trip where he met and triumphed over most of the prominent masters of the period, namely Adolf Anderssen whom he defeated +7 -2 =2 (see Anderssen - Morphy (1858)), Loewenthal in Morphy - Loewenthal (1858) and Daniel Harrwitz in Morphy - Harrwitz (1858). The tour was overshadowed, however, by his failure to secure a match with Howard Staunton. Returning to America to public acclaim, the chess world awaited his next move, but his interest in chess was fading and he returned to New Orleans to start a legal career. Attempts by Louis Paulsen and Ignatz von Kolisch to arrange matches were rebuffed and all subequent rumours of a public return came to nothing. Morphy still played occasionally in private, especially with his friend Charles Maurian.

Although the official title of World Champion did not exist in his time, Morphy was and is widely regarded as the strongest player of his day. Even today his games are studied for their principles of open lines and quick development, and his influence on the modern game is undeniable. Mikhail Botvinnik wrote of his influence: "His mastery of open positions was so vast that little new has been learned about such positions after him."

User: jessicafischerqueen 's YouTube documentary of Paul Morphy: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?lis...

Lucas Anderson's YouTube video 'The Life and Chess of Paul Morphy': https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zy6...

Unpublished manuscript of the "The First and Last Days of Paul Morphy", written by his friend and neighbor Constant Beauvais: https://web.archive.org/web/2017103...

Notes: Paul also played team chess with Morphy / Barnes and Morphy / Mongredien, and edited a chess column in the New York Ledger. / Games not actually played by Paul Morphy Game Collection: Not Really Morphy

Wikipedia article: Paul Morphy

Last updated: 2023-12-12 13:12:18

Try our new games table.

 page 1 of 19; games 1-25 of 456  PGN Download
Game  ResultMoves YearEvent/LocaleOpening
1. Morphy vs A Morphy 1-0311848Casual gameC23 Bishop's Opening
2. Morphy vs NN 1-0191848New OrleansC20 King's Pawn Game
3. Morphy vs A Morphy 1-0181848Casual gameC33 King's Gambit Accepted
4. Morphy vs E Rousseau 1-0171849Casual gameC39 King's Gambit Accepted
5. J McConnell vs Morphy 0-1231849New OrleansC38 King's Gambit Accepted
6. Morphy vs A Morphy 1-0211849New OrleansC51 Evans Gambit
7. Morphy vs E Morphy 1-0201849New OrleansC53 Giuoco Piano
8. Morphy vs A Morphy 1-0151849New Orleans mC51 Evans Gambit
9. Morphy vs J McConnell 1-0231849Casual gameC40 King's Knight Opening
10. Morphy vs J McConnell 1-0291849Casual gameC39 King's Gambit Accepted
11. Morphy vs A Morphy 1-0461849New OrleansC51 Evans Gambit
12. Morphy vs J McConnell 1-0111849Casual gameC35 King's Gambit Accepted, Cunningham
13. Morphy vs Le Carpentier 1-0131849Rook odds game000 Chess variants
14. Morphy vs NN 1-0201849Casual gameC39 King's Gambit Accepted
15. Morphy vs E Rousseau 1-0231849New OrleansC50 Giuoco Piano
16. J McConnell vs Morphy 0-1141850Casual gameC02 French, Advance
17. Morphy vs A Morphy 1-0181850Odds game (Ra1)000 Chess variants
18. Morphy vs NN 1-0181850Odds game (Ra1)000 Chess variants
19. Morphy vs NN 1-0141850Casual gameC44 King's Pawn Game
20. NN vs Morphy 0-1241850Casual gameC65 Ruy Lopez, Berlin Defense
21. Morphy vs Lowenthal 1-0551850Casual gameC42 Petrov Defense
22. Morphy vs Lowenthal 1-0491850Casual gameB21 Sicilian, 2.f4 and 2.d4
23. J McConnell vs Morphy 0-1251852Casual gameC52 Evans Gambit
24. Maurian vs Morphy 1-0321854Odds game (Ra8,Pf7+1)000 Chess variants
25. E Morphy vs Morphy 1-0371854Casual gameC51 Evans Gambit
 page 1 of 19; games 1-25 of 456  PGN Download
  REFINE SEARCH:   White wins (1-0) | Black wins (0-1) | Draws (1/2-1/2) | Morphy wins | Morphy loses  

Kibitzer's Corner
< Earlier Kibitzing  · PAGE 80 OF 284 ·  Later Kibitzing>
Jul-02-05  aw1988: Since when did Morphy and Staunton have a 21 game match?
Jul-02-05  SBC: <calman543>

<Would not Anderson have beaten him if given pawn and move handicap?>

That's a fair question. I don't think it's one anyone can answer for certain but it's interesting that you bring it up since Morphy had offered to play Paulsen at odds of pawn and move. Paulsen wasn't convinced that the receiver of the odds was getting much of, if any, advantage.

Paulsen wrote in a letter to Harrisse, Oct. 2, 1859:

"as soon as I received your letter I commenced analyzing the pawn and move game. I have not yet finished my work. Should the result prove that in the pawn and move game the advantage is really on the sied of the player who receives the odds, I will play a match with Morphy at these odds; and should I beat him he will be obliged to play a match on even terms..."

Then, in a letter to Morphy on October 3, 1860, Paulsen wrote:

"...allow me in reply to express the opinion that the odds of pawn and the move is a doubtful advantage [to the odds receiver]. while it invariably results in a kind of mongrel game, never advancing the cause of Chess and rarely proving interesting to the great majority of amateurs."

By this time Morphy had grown "heartedly tired" of the entire affair and any match at all with Paulsen was effectively tanked.

Jul-02-05  SBC: <aw1988>
<Since when did Morphy and Staunton have a 21 game match?>

I think you might have overlooked the venue:

Morphy-Staunton.
match 21 games.
<Site: Heaven club>.

Jul-02-05  aw1988: Eh, I am gullible. Thanks SBC.

By the way, I have seen some of the research work you have done, it's really great. Thanks for all the valuable input.

Jul-02-05  SBC: <keypusher>

I think it's important to note that on this page there are quite a few people who are very knowledgeable on, and who have deep insight into, Paul Morphy.

I don't believe I know any more than any of these others. The only significant difference is that I've been trying to document everything I can find about Morphy on a website so that anyone can have instant access to as accurate and complete information as possible. Along the same vein, I have to say that several of these same people have carefully noted errors, typos, deficiencies, have made worthwhile suggestions and supplied additional, often hard-to-find, information to augment what I've written. Right now the Paul Morphy site contains over 300 pages, not counting the many pages concerning Morphy-related topics in my Chess Journal. Anyone who wants accurate, and hopefully one day complete, information on Morphy can find it there.

Jul-02-05
Premium Chessgames Member
  WannaBe: <SBC> Ever thought of turning that into a Morphy Bio book?
Jul-02-05  SBC: <WannaBe>
<Prior to his getting home, Morphy had issued an open challenge to anyone in the world to play a match where he would give odds of pawn and move>

If you look back a few pages here, you'll find that <lblai> brought up the subject of Morphy's supposed challenge to the world at Pawn & move. He wanted to see where such a challenge was documented. <lblai> is Louis Blair who has a reputation as a long-time Morphy expert, so his question wasn't so much to find an answer as it was to draw attention to the fact that there probably is no concrete answer.

What we know of this comes from Charles Buck's 1902 book, "Paul Morphy: His Later Life."

"...shortly after reaching New Orleans Morphy issued a final challenge offering to give odds of Pawn and move to any player in the world, and receiving no response thereto, he declared his career as a chess-player finally and definitely closed, a declaration to which he held with unbroken resolution during the whole remainder of his life."

Buck isn't known for his research and documentation, but rather for his hearsay and rumor approach. David Lawson, Morphy's biographer, gives a long list of Buck's factual errors.

So whether Morphy ever made such a challenge, or if the challenge was real, though indirect, isn't very clear. But it's probably reasonable to assume that Morphy, having beaten Anderssen by such a large margin, wouldn't have played him again even unless Anderssen first beat him at odds. Morphy did offer odds to Harrwitz, Staunton and Paulsen. It's a very small leap to include the rest of the world.

Jul-02-05  SBC: <WannaBe>

<Ever thought of turning that into a Morphy Bio book?>

I think David Lawson beat me to it!

Anyway, books cost money. Web sites are free. Also 1000 times more people will visit a Morphy web site than would read his bio in book form. So, in that sense, a web site is more valuable.

Jul-02-05
Premium Chessgames Member
  WannaBe: <SBC> Yeah, but books gets published, accolades & bragging rights! (I'd buy a copy.) Not to mention possible movie deals. Polling time, who would be a good person to portrait Morphy?
Jul-02-05
Premium Chessgames Member
  WannaBe: Who knows, you can be the next Lauren Hillenbran (She wrote 'Seabiscuit'.)
Jul-02-05  SBC: <WannaBe>

<but books gets published>

Yeah, I've noticed that too.

Really, bragging rights, movie deals and race horses don't interest me in the least.

But thanks for the thought.

Jul-03-05
Premium Chessgames Member
  BishopBerkeley: I wonder if Paul Morphy's funeral was held at the St. Louis Cathedral, a short walk from the St. Louis Cemetery No. 1?

http://www.neworleanschurches.com/s...

Though I believe there is now a chapel on-site at St. Louis Cemetery No. 1 for funerals, I don't know if that was true in Paul Morphy's time.

Of course, for all I know, the local community may have responded quite differently to Mr. Morphy's death than the international Chess community did. I wonder if his funeral was well-attended?

A bit more on the St. Louis Cathedral (established in 1720):

http://www.stlouiscathedral.org/

A rather nice short movie:

http://www.stlouiscathedral.org/urs...

Of interest to my fellow Bishops (others please disregard):

http://www.stlouiscathedral.org/bis...

The St. Louis Cathedral is located right across from Jackson Square:

http://tinyurl.com/9hsmw

The St. Louis Cemetery No. 1 is at the southwest corner of St. Louis and Basin Streets (just southwest of what is now called Louis Armstrong Park: visible on the same map, or a bit better here, with the red star indicating the cathedral and the cemetery indicated with words):

http://tinyurl.com/cqfad

Paul's home, which is now "Brennan's Restaurant" ( http://www.brennansneworleans.com/ : "B" in this map), was near the cathedral ("A" in this map), and almost on the way:

http://tinyurl.com/8fp7l

I suspect this is quite a vital, vibrant place! (Though it may have some singing the St. Louis Cemetery Blues: http://www.seeklyrics.com/lyrics/Sq... )

Ah, Paul!

(: ♗ Bishop Berkeley ♗ :)

Jul-04-05  DrKurtPhart: is it true Morphy rode with the James Gang, giving Jesse chess lessons in exchange for 'High rides and thrilling adventures.' ?..also giving blindfold simuls in wild west boom towns while the gang (unknown to Morphy) robbed all the banks?
Jul-04-05  DrKurtPhart: i have combed through the wonderful Sarah's site (excellent) but find no mention. so i just wonderered. signed

Wondering

Jul-04-05  Assassinater: <That's a fair question. I don't think it's one anyone can answer for certain but it's interesting that you bring it up since Morphy had offered to play Paulsen at odds of pawn and move. Paulsen wasn't convinced that the receiver of the odds was getting much of, if any, advantage.>

But did Paulsen want to give Morphy pawn and move odds? :P

Jul-04-05  ckr: <Assassinator But did Paulsen want to give Morphy pawn and move odds? :P>

Not Quoting anyone

I think that would have been double talk - one of Paulsen's arguments was that giving odds ruins the purity of the royal game and that he would rather play even games and have Paul concede him how ever many points he felt to make the entire match even rather than have any games played at Odds.

So I don't think Paulsen could expect or wish for Morphy to accept Odds.

As for what Paulsen wanted:
1) He wanted a match with Morphy
2) He did not want the match to be at odds

Hence all the scuttlebutt and making with Henry Harrisse the go between.

In my mind, not that I am I blitz player, I would avoid a match with Paulsen unless it was timed. If I ever played someone that took up to 1 and a half hours to make a move, OTB, I would never play them again, regardless of the terms. Possible for <Rib-Eyes> of 2 million.

Jul-04-05  ckr: <SBC> & <Bishop Berkeley As I recall, Steinitz maintained that shortly after he met Morphy on the street in New Orleans (apparently unexpected by Morphy), a crowd gathered around them.

Doesn't this seem a bit odd? I mean, Paul Morphy was a familiar face around New Orleans, I would think.

And would anyone know Herr Steinitz by his appearance? I would think not. So if a crowd did gather around the two, I wonder why this would have been?

I'm not sure my musing is of any real value, but I am interested to learn if I am overlooking something here.>

Perhaps I should send a dime with my 2 cents to cover the late fees and then again perhaps my tardiness could just be forgiven. I had come across additional background information regarding the Steinitz-Morphy meeting. As we know Steinitz was in New Orleans for about a month and most of his impressions on Morphy were formed by the perceptions of others at the time and local and not so much from his meeting with Morphy. Following is a very short quote from Lawson starting @ 308.

" The year 1883 was uneventful for Morphy except for his meeting with Steinitz, who was in New Orleans for a month's engagement with the New Orleans Chess, Checkers and Whist Club. He had arrived December 28, 1882, and soon made an inquiry about Morphy, whom he was most anxious to meet. On being told of Steinitz's presence Morphy said, 'I know it.' and then added 'his gambit is not good.' Morphy could not help disclosing that he was au courant on chess news and developments. Failing to get a response from Morphy by writing, mutual friends arranged that they should meet by chance. The New York Tribune of March 22, 1883, has a most interesting account of the meeting ......"

Followed by the interview posted by <WilhelmThe2nd> on Wilhelm Steinitz

What seems a likely reason for Steinitz's statements that "a crowd collected round us on each occasion" is that the meetings were not chance happenings, rather, having been arranged by mutual friends AFTER morphy failed to respond to a <note?> 'writing'. I should think the "mutual friends" also had some motivations and expectations of their own in bringing a meeting about and it was their agenda which accounts for the crowds collecting. The 'mutual friends" and crowd might possibly have wanted to see Paul accept a challenge or even a few off hand games. Whatever the reason Steinitz indicated it was the collection of the crowd that prompted Morphy to excuse himself. Steinitz, who just wanting to meet the man and talk chess, should indeed have been angered by the crowd.

If this is an accurate accounting of the events then where does this "Oh yes we may meet, but you must promise there will be no talk of chess" come from, followed by <prawn e4, drumstick e5>

I guess that this is one version of the Steinitz-Morphy meeting and the Lasker version that spurred all the "Steinitz left very disappointed" that someone had used without the "no talk of chess" reference would be another version.

With what I have read I would determine that the New York Tribune account seems to fit in with the Lawson version which leaves the Lasker version of dubious origin.

<excuse me while i gather some facts from the bat pages -- can never find anything when you want it>

<SBC perhaps you could point to the "came away very disappointed" without reference to the "no talk of chess" stipulation>

Anyway, as I recall the article appeared slightly leading because the omission. It was quoted from Lasker's magazine and the specific article may have had very little if any factual basis other than being in Lasker's magazine.

<All> feel free to jump on this, let's not hold back

Jul-04-05  Calli: Steinitz claimed to have met Morphy three times with crowd interference each time. SBC gives the New York Tribune interview here - http://batgirl.atspace.com/Steinitz...
Jul-04-05  ckr: <Calli> Thanks that link broke on a cut paste I guess.

Followed by the interview posted by <WilhelmThe2nd> on Wilhelm Steinitz

I did not know <SBC> also had it, but it figures. It is one large site and I also could not find some references to the Lasker version of events, or should I say the version of events as published in Lasker's magazine. I guess it does matter how it is phrased.

Jul-04-05  Calli: <ckr> Don't know what's wrong. It works for me. The url is http:// batgirl.atspace.com/ Steinitz_on_Morphy.html
Jul-04-05  ckr: <Calli Don't know what's wrong. It works for me.> Yes, I was refering to the "Wilhelm Steinitz" in my original post that was suppose to be a link as being broken due to a Cut/Paste. The <SBC> link is also the same interview.

But let's not have the links shadow the events. The meetings in the street were not chance and what is the basis for the version given in Lasker's magazine. I could use a re-read of that material, the controversy regarding the bias seems to cloud the details of the meeting.

Jul-05-05  SBC: <BishopBerkeley>

I apologize for taking so long to repond to you intriguing posting. That's a fair question and one I haven't totally resolved yet. I have a good bit of information on Morphy's death, but haven't tried organizing and sifting through it yet for such specifics.

However, I did go back to Regina Morphy-Voitier for some quick (and interesting) information that might support your suggestion that Morphy's funeral was in the St. Louis Cathedral.

Here are some brief words on his funeral:

"Numberless telegrams and letters of sympathy were received from his friends and admirers all over the world. His funeral took place on July the 11th. The pall bearers were his brother, Edward, his cousins, Edgar Hincks, E. A. Morphy, Leonce J. Percy, Henry F. Percy and his lifelong friend, Charles A. de Maurian. He was buried in the Morphy tomb in the St. Louis cemetery, corner St. Louis and Basin Streets."

Here are some words linking morphy to the Catherdral (and also demonstrating that Morphy was a Catholic since I'd been asked that question again lately):

"One of his favourite promenades was on Sunday, when he would leave his house early in the morning, walk to the corner of St. Louis and Royal where he would buy a morning paper, which he read comfortably seated in the lobby of the old St. Louis Hotel. After having carefully perused all the news of interest, Morphy would then slowly stroll down Royal Street, turn into Chartres to the St. Louis Cathedral where he would hear Mass. But before entering the church he would linger a while in Jackson Square. He often expressed his admiration for the panorama formed by the Cathedral, Pontalba buildings, Jackson Square and the Cabildo, which is, no doubt, the most imposing spot in the Vieux Carré. After having heard Mass and given his contribution to the "Suisse" or sexton attired in a gay military suit of red trimmed with gold braid, two cornered hat, a staff in one hand and silver platter in the other, Morphy would then proceed to the French Market where he would be greeted by Rose "la gentille petite bou quetiere" as he had named the pretty little flower girl, who would at once pin one of her most fragrant flowers on the lapel of his coat. He greatly enjoyed a stroll in the French Market, where he would stop to look at the old coloured mammies with their "tignons" (bandanas) so bright and clean, selling their cocoanut pralines in pink and white. He would also pause near the Indian Squaws who sold "plantin" (a sweet smelling herb) and whose papooses were tied upon their backs while they waited on customers."

Thanks again for your posting. It took me a while to get to it, but good things just improve with time.

Jul-05-05  DrKurtPhart: newsflash
old ripped mystery diary pages found.
In attic of restaurant on Royal street. brennan's NO example:

Jan. 1883

dear diary


went walking again this afternoon. nothing unusual, oh..except I bumped into Steinitz, who did not utter the 'chess' word until the second word in his first sentence. word 'match' was third. making a complete sentence: "A chess match now, sir." Crowd gathering. disturbing jostlement. gave me his business card. lawyer? crowd babbling, chanting, "chess, chess, match, match"..i begged my leave.he would have none of it. he inquired did I have an opinion on his gambit in all the commotion? how were my money affairs. clamour growing. did I have an defence against his gambit. Lunch? coffee? talk? match. purse money.seconds. shouting now. arbiter.commotion drawing too much attention. had to attempt exit. stage left. slip off. crowd commotion growing. he would not hear of it. must escape.more conversation must escape. noise. peace...peace. just then a very strange and funny thing happened..


(Unfortunately the rest of this page is ripped and missing. :( Anybody having any idea of the writer or author's name, suggestions or clues, pls contact local Authorities: ancient old junk dept. thankyou. ed.)

Jul-05-05  DrKurtPhart: Primitive audio tape discovered. Of a chess conversation. Scientists and researchers have deciphered a tape proving Paul Morphy was well ahead of his time, as this tape seems to have been made well before the invention of recorded sound. Edison happened to be testing a device in New Orleans in early1883 when 2 gentlemen started talking suddenly. Crowd noise interference, but the conversation seems to go:

Gentleman 1. "chess match sir"
Gentleman 2. " I... well.. um.."
G1. "my card."
G2. "Um..well..th.."
G1. "How do you like my gambit?"
G2. "Well..actually...unfortu..."
G1. "lunch?"
G2. "I..previous engagement..I must.."
G1. "Allow me to make an opening."
G2. "I really must g..."
The tape goes on for seems like ages, and will be digitally remastered,packaged and released as a dbl CD later.

Jul-06-05
Premium Chessgames Member
  BishopBerkeley: <ckr> & <Calli> Thank you for these excellent contributions! A "chance meeting that is not by chance" would go a long way in explaining the crowd. I imagine quite a few people would be standing by in their "chance" locations to watch the ensuing meeting!

<ckr: <SBC perhaps you could point to the "came away very disappointed" without reference to the "no talk of chess" stipulation> Anyway, as I recall the article appeared slightly leading because the omission. It was quoted from Lasker's magazine and the specific article may have had very little if any factual basis other than being in Lasker's magazine. >

At least one source for this notion is a letter written to Lasker's Chess Magazine under the pseudonym "Caissa". It is widely believe that "Caissa" was Sam Loyd who also wrote for the magazine. You may see that letter starting on page 124 of the January 1905 edition of Dr. Lasker's Chess Magazine here:

http://www.100bestwebsites.org/lcm-...

Mr. Loyd's testimony (if indeed this was Mr. Loyd) would merit some consideration, but should probably not be weighted as highly as some others.

Thanks again!

(: ♗ Bishop Berkeley ♗ :)

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