| 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt (1887) |
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Frankfurt am Main, Hesse, Germany (18 July-2 August 1887)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 Score Place/Prizes
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1 Mackenzie • 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 0 1 15 1st 1000ℳ
2 Blackburne 0 • 1 0 ½ 1 1 0 ½ ½ 1 1 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 1 ½ 0 13½ 2nd-3rd 625ℳ
3 Weiss ½ 0 • 1 ½ 1 ½ 1 1 ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ 0 1 1 ½ 1 1 13½ 2nd-3rd 625ℳ
4 Von Bardeleben ½ 1 0 • ½ ½ 0 1 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 1 1 ½ 1 13 4th 300ℳ
5 Berger ½ ½ ½ ½ • ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ 1 1 ½ ½ 1 0 ½ 1 1 1 12 5th-6th 175ℳ
6 Tarrasch 0 0 0 ½ ½ • 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 12 5th-6th 175ℳ
7 Englisch 1 0 ½ 1 ½ 1 • 0 0 0 ½ 1 1 ½ ½ ½ 1 1 ½ 0 1 11½
8 Paulsen 0 1 0 0 ½ 0 1 • 1 1 ½ 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 11
9 Schallopp 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 1 1 0 • 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 ½ ½ 1 1 0 11
10 Schiffers 0 ½ ½ ½ 1 0 1 0 1 • ½ 0 0 1 0 1 ½ 1 0 ½ 1 10
11 Alapin 0 0 ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ • 1 ½ 0 0 ½ 1 ½ 1 1 1 9½
12 Burn 0 0 0 ½ 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 • 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 9½
13 Noa 1 0 ½ 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 ½ 0 • 0 ½ 1 1 0 1 ½ 1 9
14 Gunsberg 0 0 ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ 0 0 0 1 1 1 • ½ ½ 1 0 ½ 1 0 8½
15 Metger 0 ½ ½ ½ ½ 0 ½ 1 0 1 1 0 ½ ½ • 0 ½ 0 ½ ½ ½ 8½
16 Zukertort ½ 0 1 ½ 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 1 • 1 0 1 1 1 8½
17 Von Gottschall 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 ½ ½ 0 1 0 0 ½ 0 • 1 ½ 1 1 8
18 Von Scheve 0 0 0 0 ½ 0 0 1 ½ 0 ½ 0 1 1 1 1 0 • 0 1 ½ 8
19 Taubenhaus 0 0 ½ 0 0 0 ½ 1 0 1 0 0 0 ½ ½ 0 ½ 1 • 1 0 6½
20 Fritz 1 ½ 0 ½ 0 1 1 0 0 ½ 0 0 ½ 0 ½ 0 0 0 0 • ½ 6
21 Harmonist 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 ½ 0 0 ½ 1 ½ • 5½
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Format: Single round-robin, draws scoring one-half.
Introduction
This was the Fifth German Chess Congress of the Deutschen Schachbund (DSB - German Chess Federation). It took place in Frankfurt am Main, the venue being the Assembly Rooms of the Zoological Gardens. (1) German chess benefitted from the expansion of the economy after 1880, the period known as the "Gründerzeit" (Founding period), when many large and soon to be prominent industrial companies were created, such as Krupp, Stinnes, Hoesch and Thyssen. A period of economic prosperity extending until the First World War provided the means for German chess to stage large international tournaments. For our chess masters, Frankfurt would have been a prosperous and confident city; it had built a new Stock Exchange (1879), an Opera House (1880), and a large new Central Station nearing completion (1888). (2) The Congress
Using Chessmetrics' data, the Fifth German Chess Congress was the strongest tournament held between 1885 and 1895. (3) With the exceptions of Wilhelm Steinitz (1st) and James Mason (8th), it involved all the top players of the time. (4) The next strongest tournaments in this period were New York (1889) and Bradford (1888). The strength of Frankfurt’s assemblage of masters was not surpassed until Hastings (1895). (5) The tournament comprised a Masters tournament (Meisterturnier), a Major tournament (Hauptturnier), a First Class tournament, a Second Class tournament, and an Open tournament "for participants in the major and minor tournaments". Due to a small number of players, the Hauptturnier was divided into two preliminary groups, Hauptturnier A and Hauptturnier B, the top players of each then progressing into a final "Siegergruppe" (Winning group). There were also Problem Composing and Problem Solving tournaments, as well as consultation games. (6) The Congress was significant as it functioned as the administrative congress for German chess. The financial and bureaucratic issues of developing chess within the German Empire were debated. The opening of the Congress
It was a prestigious event. "Officially, the Conference was opened on Sunday afternoon 4 pm, in the sumptuously decorated Hall of the Zoological Garden, with a warm, cordial welcoming speech of the President of the local committee, Mr. J. Günther, who gained lively applause from the packed meeting. Matters closed with the draw for the Masters tournament." (13) It was also a tournament of the leading players of the time, dissuading some minor masters from endangering their reputation by participating. "There was a proud number of ear-catching names. Never before had so many standard bearers from all nations flocked to a tournament. Dr. Schmid (Carl Friedrich Schmid), from Blasewitz, who was present, nevertheless preferred not to join in the struggle. Similarly, Johannes Minckwitz and Arnold Schottlaender, both for reasons of health, and in view of the length of the tournament, declined to play ... The two Russian players, as well as Theodor von Scheve had to be put to a ballot of the masters as to whether the provisions of the German Chess Federation allowed them to be admitted to the Masters Tournament ... The other masters, of course, did not hesitate to give their consent, Master Mikhail Chigorin from Petersburg by letter, and Zukertort by announcing it directly. Moreover, they readily agreed to Mr. v. Scheve, in view of his recent and favorable results in particular in German tournaments ... Dr. Josef Noa, who was not yet present, had signalled his impending arrival by telegraph, so that the draw could be readily held. Twenty one masters thus came to gallantly fight." (14) "The official opening of the tournament was July 17th, but play did not begin until July 18th. The games were played between 9 am and 1 pm, and then after lunch from 4 pm to 8 pm. Alternate afternoons were left for adjourned games to be played out. The rate of play was 20 moves per hour". (15) "Sunday, July 17th. In the afternoon at 4 o'clock: Assembly of the participants in the congress hall in the Zoological Society Garden, issue of the congress tickets, welcoming of the guests, draws for the Master and Major tournaments". (16) The Major tournament (Hauptturnier)
Johann Hermann Bauer came 2nd in Hauptturnier A and then won the Siegergruppe. This entitled him to participate in the next Meisterturnier. "The Major Tournament was completed on the 27th, Mr. J. H. Bauer winning the first prize of 300 marks and the mastership title .. Mr. Bauer is 26 years old, and has proved to be a strong player only during the last two years. He won the first prize in two local tournaments (Vienna and Prague) in 1885. In the tournament of the Vienna Chess Club of 1886 he won the second prize, and in the tournament of the same club he won first prize in 1887." (17) The Masters tournament (Meisterturnier)
Each participant had to play all his games. After paying an entrance fee of 25 marks, each made a further deposit of 25 marks. This was a guarantee to the organizer against defaulting. It would only be returned to them after the completion of all their games. A special prize "for the most beautiful game" of £5, donated by Mr. Frederic Hyman Lewis in London. (18) "The appearance of the Englishman Amos Burn, an unknown personality in Germany but the winner of two English tournaments, was especially anxious. He had arrived worn out to exhaustion, he had walked from Cologne to Frankfurt (about 172 kms/107 miles e. d.) and could have to walk back. His prospects for success in the tournament, if not now impossible, had thereby deteriorated significantly." (19) "Many are the gallant Knights who have entered the list. There is Louis Paulsen, the bellicose giant; Fritz and v. Scheve, the coming champions; Emil Schallopp, who split his lance in times of old with Adolf Anderssen and Ignatz von Kolisch. He is one of the greatest of blindfold players and a dangerous antagonist, but lacking steadiness which is indispensable to achieve the highest honors in tournament play. Curt v. Bardeleben, the Victor in Vizayanagaram, London (1883) and Editor of the German Schach-Zeitung. Hermann v. Gottschall, his co-editor the son of the Poet and problem composer. Metger, from Kiel, a chess veteran of more than mere local fame, and Harmonist, one of the most promising Berlin players. Dr. Tarrasch, who came near winning the first prize in the Hamburg Tournament, and who may be better favored by fortune now, and last but not least the genial, but eccentric Arnold Schottlaender. From allied Austria there is Berthold Englisch, the "Great Drawing-Master," one of the strongest players in the world. The renowned Analyzer and Problemist, Prof Johannes Berger, and also Max Weiss, who, easily satisfied with a draw, is dangerous to competitors with higher aims. From Hungaria (sic) the only player is the chivalrous Dr. Noa. He fights for sheer love of conquest. In two tournaments he played in the first round only, being too busy to play in the second, showing that he does not play from pecuniary motives. He is a dashing and brilliant player and some gems may be anticipated. The English contingent is strong both in number and in calibre. Blackburne, the pride of "Haughty Albion," fresh with laurels from his recent victory; Zukertort, who has made the most wonderful record in tournament play in London (1883) and although he had to lower his flag to both Steinitz and Blackburne, he may again force victory to his side. "Mephisto" Gunsberg may repeat his Hamburg triumph, and Amos Burn will, no doubt, prove a formidable opponent, as will Henry Bird and Mason. America is represented by your gallant Capt. Geo. H. Mackenzie. Russia by her second strongest player, Alapine; and by Schiffers. And France by Taubenhaus, who won the brilliancy prize in 4th DSB Congress, Hamburg (1885). Since Chess Congresses have been held none has been so important, and it may be safely predicted that in view of the number and the strength of the participants in the present Tournament, it will be the most eminent of all that have yet taken place, not only in Frankfort, nor in Germany alone, but surpassing all that have hitherto been held." (20) Mackenzie won the first prize of 1000 marks which in 2016 value represents £4,914.00/$6,100. (21) Despite the prestige of the tournament, the prize was modest. For Mackenzie, it gave him $238 dollars (1887 value). As a rough comparison, an American plumber in 1890 would earn about $3.37 a day, so this prize would represent about 71 days of an average plumber's wages. (22) Blackburne and Weiss shared second and third prizes of 750 + 500 marks. Von Bardeleben fourth prize, 300 marks. Berger and Tarrasch shared fifth and sixth prizes of 200 + 150 marks. Englisch seventh prize - 100 marks. Paulsen and Schallopp shared eighth prize of 80 marks. The prizes were awarded on Tuesday evening, August 2. (23) "In the banquet in honor of the victors President Günther proposed the health of the successful masters. Capt. Mackenzie responded to the Toast of the Committee of the Congress, but the sensation of the evening was brought on by Secretary Zwanzig taking the floor and challenging, in the name of the German Chess Association, England to play a Team Match; 30 players on a side, and the match to be played on neutral ground, either in Belgium or in Holland, and to be fought for the glory attending victory, and the intrinsic value of the prizes to be of secondary consideration." (23) Conclusion
"The victory of Capt. Mackenzie at Frankfort is of course very popular in America, as it is also in Europe. Mr. Steinitz in his magazine seems rather annoyed at the title of "Champion" being applied to the Captain and challenges him for a match of then games up for a minimum of $1,000 a side, allowing him two games to start with." (24) Zukertort was in obvious decline. He had lost a match to Blackburne just before the Franfurt Congress (Blackburne - Zukertort (1887)). "It is only five years ago that, after winning the London International Tournament (London (1883)), Dr. Zukertort was universally admitted to be preeminent as a chess player. The great strain of that contest, however, undoubtedly had an injurious effect upon his delicate constitution, and this effect was increased by the match he played with Steinitz in 1885 (Steinitz - Zukertort World Championship Match (1886)). He engaged in this contest in spite of urgent medical advice to the contrary, and he returned from America after his defeat in a seriously debilitated state of health. After that time he showed a marked falling off in his powers of chess combination". (25) On 20 June 1888, Zukertort collapsed and died suddenly at the age of only 46. "Dr. Frank Jeeves ... had since made a post-mortem examination, and found that death was due to cerebral haemorrhage. The kidneys of the deceased were slightly unhealthy ... and the arteries and the base of the brain were diseased ... the jury accordingly returned a verdict of death from natural causes." (26) Notes
Blackburne and Gunsberg returned to England, and in September fought out a match which Gunsberg won 8-5 (Blackburne - Gunsberg (1887) ). This was an important step on Gunsberg's progress to the Steinitz - Gunsberg World Championship Match (1890). 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt (1887) was an early sign of the emergence of a new generation of players. The greatest progress was to be made by Tarrasch. The next years were to be a peak period of success for him, as he won four international tournaments: 6th DSB Congress, Breslau (1889), Manchester (1890), Dresden (1892), and the 9th DSB Congress, Leipzig (1894). Missing Games
The tournament book by von Gottschall is incomplete. It states that various unspecified issues had delayed its timely publication. The following seven games are missing without explanation:
Burn vs Blackburne, 0-1 (4th round)
Englisch vs Tarrasch, 0-1 (7th round)
Metger vs Taubenhaus, ½-½ (9th round)
Weiss vs Von Gottschall, 1-0 (11th round)
Harmonist vs Von Scheve, ½-½ (14th round)
Noa vs Harmonist, 1-0 (15th round)
Blackburne vs Schiffers, ½-½ (20th round)
A fragment of Burn vs Blackburne (4th round) has been preserved in contemporary publications: 
click for larger view41...g4 42.Rfc2 g3 43.h3 Kxf5 44.Rb5 g5 45.Kg2 Rxh3 46.Kg1 Rh6 47.c5 Be5 48.Rc4 Bf4 49.Rb3 e3 50.d6 Rch8 51.Bg2 e2 52.Re4 Rh1+ 53.Bxh1 0-1 (26) Sources
(1) British Chess Magazine, 1887, p. 339. The modern address for the Zoological Gardens is Bernhard-Grzimek-Allee 1, 60316 Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany.
(2) City of Frankfurt am Main homepage (#2016), http://www.frankfurt.de/sixcms/deta....
(3) Chessmetrics, Frankfurt 1887, http://www.chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/....
(4) Chessmetrics, July 1887 rating list, http://www.chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/....
(5) Chessmetrics, Summary: 1885 - 1895, http://www.chessmetrics.com/cm/CM2/.... See also Edo Historical Chess Ratings, Frankfurt 1887 (4), http://www.edochess.ca/tournaments/....
(6) Der Fünfte Kongress Des Deutschen Schachbundes, Frankfurt A. M. 1887, herausgegeben (edited by) Von С. V. Bardeleben, H. V. Gottschall und J. Mieses. Verlag Von Veit & Comp., Leipzig 1889, pp. 5-6. (Hereafter referred to as the Tournament book.)
(7) Columbia Chess Chronicle, Vol. 1, No. 6, Saturday 6 August 1887, p. 41 (https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt...).
(8) Columbia Chess Chronicle, Vol. 1, No. 5, Saturday 30 July 1887, p. 34.
(9) Tournament book, p. 25.
(10) Tournament book, p. 4. The Niederwald park was then famous for its recently completed monument to commemorate the Unification of Germany, see Wikipedia article: Niederwalddenkmal.
(11) Columbia Chess Chronicle, Vol. 1, No. 6, Saturday 6 August 1887, p. 50.
(12) Tournament book, p. 4.
(13) Tournament book, p. 7.
(14) Tournament book, p. 8.
(15) British Chess Magazine, Vol. 7, August 1887, p. 339.
(16) Tournament book, p. 3.
(17) Columbia Chess Chronicle, Vol. 1, No. 7, Saturday 13 August 1887, p. 51.
(18) Details provided in the Tournament book, p. 3.
(19) Tournament book, p. 7.
(20) Columbia Chess Chronicle, Vol. 1, No. 5, Saturday 30 July 1887, pp. 33-34.
(21) £1 being valued at 20.43 goldmarks = £49 at the contemporaneous exchange rate. See Currency Conversion Tables, by R. L. Bidwell, pp. 22-23. See also: Wikipedia article: German gold mark. The exchange rate for pound to dollar in 1887 was about $4.864 to the pound. See Handbook of World Exchange Rates 1590-1914, by Marcus A Denzel, p. 420. A 2016 value is Ł4,914.00 using the percentage increase in the RPI from 1887 to 2015. See https://www.measuringworth.com.
(22) Earnings data from Wages and Earnings in the United States, 1860-1890, by Clarence D. Long. Princeton University Press, 1960. See http://www.nber.org/chapters/c2500.
(23) Columbia Chess Chronicle, Vol. 1, No. 8, Saturday 20 August 1887, p. 64.
(24) British Chess Magazine, Vol. 7, October 1887, p. 381 ("Foreign News").
(25) Morning Post, Thursday 21 June 1888, p. 3.
(26) Manchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser, Monday 25 June 1888, p. 8. Credits
Original text and tables by User: Chessical. Copy editing by User: Tabanus. The collection was compiled by cloning a previous game collection of User: suenteus po 147 - this significant work is acknowledged and greatly appreciated. One further game E Schallopp vs J Metger, 1887 has been added.
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| page 1 of 9; games 1-25 of 203 |
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| Game |
| Result | Moves |
Year | Event/Locale | Opening |
| 1. von Scheve vs Blackburne |
 | 0-1 | 24 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | D00 Queen's Pawn Game |
| 2. Blackburne vs M Weiss |
 | 1-0 | 39 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | D35 Queen's Gambit Declined |
| 3. Paulsen vs Burn |
| 1-0 | 99 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | C46 Three Knights |
| 4. Burn vs Englisch |
| 0-1 | 41 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | C77 Ruy Lopez |
| 5. Gunsberg vs J Metger |
| ½-½ | 35 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | D05 Queen's Pawn Game |
| 6. M Weiss vs Gunsberg |
| ½-½ | 30 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | C77 Ruy Lopez |
| 7. Zukertort vs Alapin |
| ½-½ | 42 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | C29 Vienna Gambit |
| 8. Mackenzie vs Zukertort |
| ½-½ | 48 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | C49 Four Knights |
| 9. E Schallopp vs M Harmonist |
| 0-1 | 28 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | C69 Ruy Lopez, Exchange, Gligoric Variation |
| 10. M Harmonist vs Mackenzie |
 | 0-1 | 40 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | C45 Scotch Game |
| 11. Taubenhaus vs Paulsen |
| 1-0 | 54 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | C60 Ruy Lopez |
| 12. Tarrasch vs E Schallopp |
| 0-1 | 47 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | C47 Four Knights |
| 13. Englisch vs J Noa |
| 1-0 | 56 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | E21 Nimzo-Indian, Three Knights |
| 14. A Fritz vs Schiffers |
| ½-½ | 41 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | C50 Giuoco Piano |
| 15. J Metger vs A Fritz |
| ½-½ | 40 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | C41 Philidor Defense |
| 16. J Berger vs Taubenhaus |
| 1-0 | 60 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | C83 Ruy Lopez, Open |
| 17. von Gottschall vs J Berger |
| 1-0 | 35 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | C46 Three Knights |
| 18. J Noa vs von Bardeleben |
| 0-1 | 40 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | C49 Four Knights |
| 19. von Bardeleben vs von Scheve |
| 1-0 | 32 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | C01 French, Exchange |
| 20. Alapin vs von Gottschall |
| 1-0 | 56 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | B31 Sicilian, Rossolimo Variation |
| 21. Blackburne vs J Noa |
| 1-0 | 30 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | E12 Queen's Indian |
| 22. Gunsberg vs von Scheve |
| 0-1 | 37 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | C25 Vienna |
| 23. J Berger vs Zukertort |
| 1-0 | 26 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | C65 Ruy Lopez, Berlin Defense |
| 24. Alapin vs M Harmonist |
| 1-0 | 23 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | C44 King's Pawn Game |
| 25. Mackenzie vs Tarrasch |
| 1-0 | 30 | 1887 | 5th DSB Congress, Frankfurt | B25 Sicilian, Closed |
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| page 1 of 9; games 1-25 of 203 |
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| Jul-05-17 | | ughaibu: A wonderful report of the tournament. |
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Dec-02-18
 | | Gypsy: An excellent write-up!! |
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| May-07-21 | | Marcelo Bruno: What happened to the game between Burn and Blackburne in this tournament to have only a fragment of it? Is it possible to recover it with a retrograde analysis software? |
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| Apr-01-23 | | Marcelo Bruno: Another question: is it avaliable a picture with all the players? |
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Dec-04-24
 | | Chessical: The grandure of 19th century tournaments, relatively small prizes but lavish social activities. The tournament dinner took place on Tuesday, July 14th, 1885, at the Sagebiel's establishment in Blankenese, a charming resort town on the Elbe River. The attendees gathered at the landing dock around 3 p.m., where a special steamboat decorated with flags awaited them. A cannon salute marked the departure, and a band played lively tunes as they embarked on a scenic journey along the Elbe. The purpose of the boat trip was to showcase the impressive harbor and bustling river traffic, offering a glimpse into Hamburg's global trade activities. The guests, many of whom were unfamiliar with this aspect of Hamburg, marveled at the sights and sounds of the city's maritime commerce. They even sang the Hamburg folk hymn, "Auf Hamburgs Wohlergehn," expressing their admiration for the city's beauty and hospitality. After a 90-minute boat ride, they arrived at Blankenese, greeted by cannon fire and music from the Sagebiel's establishment. They proceeded to the dining hall, where a horseshoe-shaped table, richly adorned with flowers, awaited them. The feast was a grand affair, with over 100 chess enthusiasts, including special guests and chess masters, joining in the merriment. The atmosphere was filled with laughter and camaraderie. During the dinner, numerous toasts were proposed, celebrating the chess masters, the German Chess Federation, the organizing committee, and the city of Hamburg itself. The toasts were interspersed with witty speeches and anecdotes, adding to the lively ambiance. The dinner concluded with a performance of a humorous "Chess Table Song," specially dedicated to the 4th Congress. The lyrics of the song highlighted the chess pieces and their roles in the game, drawing parallels to life's challenges and triumphs. The song ended with a rousing toast to the noble game of chess and its enduring tournaments. Following the banquet, the attendees ventured to the Süllberg hill, a popular vantage point offering panoramic views of the Elbe River. As night fell, they enjoyed the illuminated landscape, complete with Bengal lights and a fireworks display. They returned to Hamburg by steamboat around 10 p.m., carrying with them fond memories of a delightful and festive occasion. |
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