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Mikhail Chigorin
Chigorin 
 

Number of games in database: 912
Years covered: 1874 to 1907
Overall record: +466 -278 =156 (60.4%)*
   * Overall winning percentage = (wins+draws/2) / total games in the database. 12 exhibition games, blitz/rapid, odds games, etc. are excluded from this statistic.

MOST PLAYED OPENINGS
With the White pieces:
 French Defense (84) 
    C00 C01 C11 C14 C10
 French (61) 
    C00 C11 C13 C10 C12
 King's Gambit Declined (60) 
    C30 C31
 Evans Gambit (60) 
    C52 C51
 King's Gambit Accepted (45) 
    C33 C34 C37 C38 C39
 Ruy Lopez (30) 
    C65 C77 C80 C67 C68
With the Black pieces:
 Ruy Lopez (98) 
    C77 C65 C66 C78 C67
 Queen's Pawn Game (49) 
    D02 D05 D00 D04 A46
 Chigorin Defense (30) 
    D07
 King's Gambit Accepted (30) 
    C39 C37 C33 C38
 Queen's Gambit Declined (24) 
    D31 D30 D37
 Giuoco Piano (20) 
    C50 C53
Repertoire Explorer

NOTABLE GAMES: [what is this?]
   Chigorin vs Steinitz, 1892 1-0
   Chigorin vs H Caro, 1898 1-0
   V Knorre vs Chigorin, 1874 0-1
   Lasker vs Chigorin, 1895 0-1
   Chigorin vs J Mortimer, 1900 1-0
   Gunsberg vs Chigorin, 1890 0-1
   Chigorin vs Davydow, 1874 1-0
   Schiffers vs Chigorin, 1897 1/2-1/2
   Chigorin vs Schlechter, 1905 1/2-1/2
   Pillsbury vs Chigorin, 1896 0-1

WORLD CHAMPIONSHIPS: [what is this?]
   Steinitz - Chigorin World Championship Match (1889)
   Steinitz - Chigorin World Championship Rematch (1892)

NOTABLE TOURNAMENTS: [what is this?]
   Budapest (1896)
   Chigorin - Tarrasch (1893)
   1st All-Russian Masters, Moscow (1899)
   Vienna (1903)
   3rd All-Russian Masters, Kiev (1903)
   6th American Chess Congress, New York (1889)
   Hastings (1895)
   2nd All-Russian Masters, Moscow (1901)
   London (1883)
   2nd DSB Congress, Berlin (1881)
   Vienna (1898)
   Paris (1900)
   Monte Carlo (1902)
   London (1899)
   Vienna (1882)

GAME COLLECTIONS: [what is this?]
   50 C Players, Featuring Chigorin Chopped Fredthe by fredthebear
   Match Chigorin! by amadeus
   Santasiere's "My Love Affair With Tchigorin" by igiene
   Santasiere's "My Love Affair With Tchigorin" by Resignation Trap
   Santasiere's "My Love Affair With Tchigorin" by doug27
   Challenger Chigorin forget brilliancies by Gottschalk
   0ZeR0's collected games volume 78 by 0ZeR0
   New York 1889 by suenteus po 147
   New York 1889 by Mal Un
   y1870s - 1890s Classic Chess Principles Arise by fredthebear
   y1870s - 1890s Classic Chess Principles Arise by plerranov
   My Short Notes I (2014) by Knight13
   Gambito de Rey by Chessdreamer
   Vienna 1898 by Mal Un

GAMES ANNOTATED BY CHIGORIN: [what is this?]
   Janowski vs A Goetz, 1891
   Tartakower vs Vidmar, 1907


Search Sacrifice Explorer for Mikhail Chigorin
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MIKHAIL CHIGORIN
(born Nov-12-1850, died Jan-25-1908, 57 years old) Russia
PRONUNCIATION:
[what is this?]

Mikhail Ivanovich Chigorin (Михаил Иванович Чигорин), born Gatchina RUS; died Lublin POL (Russian Empire).

Chigorin (also spelled Tchigorin, Tjigorin, or Tschigorin) grew up as an orphan in Gatchina.(1) He died after a long illness on January 25, 1908, in Lublin, Poland,(2) in the presence of his wife and his daughter.(1) He was first buried in the Lublin cemetery, but was later moved to the Novodevichy Cemetery in St. Petersburg. Chigorin was the first Russian player to participate in International tournaments, and he is credited with initiating the flourishing of Chess in Russia in the 20th century.(3)

Early Career

He learned to play chess already at the Gatchina orphanage, where his schoolteacher was his first chess teacher. Later, Emmanuel Schiffers became his teacher.(1) Chigorin's first tournament appearance was at the 1875 St. Petersburg Handicap tournament, where he came in 3rd (Schiffers won).(2) In the following years, Chigorin only worked as the editor of Schachmaty and Schachmatny Listok.(2)(3) Yet his playing strength increased, and he won the St. Petersburg tournaments in 1877, 1879 and 1880.(4) He was also successful in matches against Schiffers, winning in Chigorin - Schiffers, 1st Match (1878), Chigorin - Schiffers, 3rd Match (1879) and 1880,(5) and narrowly losing in Chigorin - Schiffers, 2nd Match (1878). Chigorin also beat Semyon Alapin in matches in 1880 and 1881.(6)

International events

His first International tournament at 2nd DSB Congress, Berlin (1881) was a great success as he shared 3rd-4th place with Simon Winawer, both the first Eastern European players to compete internationally.(3) After a mediocre result at Vienna (1882), he came in 4th at London (1883). Chigorin had become one of the strongest players in the world,(3)(7) but took a break from tournament chess until 1889. He celebrated his comeback with a shared 1st place New York (1889) together with Max Weiss .(8)

World Championship Matches

He played two World Championship matches against Wilhelm Steinitz, losing Steinitz - Chigorin World Championship Match (1889) and Steinitz - Chigorin World Championship Rematch (1892).

Later Career

In matches, he drew World Championship Challengers Isidor Gunsberg in 1890,(9) and Siegbert Tarrasch in 1893.(10) Chigorin beat Wilhelm Steinitz in a 2-games cable match played from 1890 to 1891, which created widespread interest.(11)(12) One of his greatest successes was his 2nd place behind Harry Pillsbury in Hastings (1895) ahead of Dr. Emanuel Lasker, Siegbert Tarrasch and Wilhelm Steinitz, when his play was considered to have been the strongest in the tournament.(2)(3) Furthermore, he won 1st place in Budapest (1896) after play-off and at the King's Gambit tournament Vienna (1903). In 1906, Chigorin beat Georg Salwe in a match in Lodz.(13)

Contributions to Chess Theory

Chigorin has many openings named after him, most notably the Chigorin Variation of the Ruy Lopez (1.e4 e5 2.♘f3 ♘c6 3.♗b5 a6 4.♗a4 ♘f6 5.0-0 ♗e7 6.♖e1 b5 7. ♗b3 d6 8.c3 0-0 9.h3 ♘a5) and Chigorin's Defense to the Queen's Gambit (1.d4 d5 2.c4 ♘c6).

Opinions

Garry Kasparov : "In many respects his style was the forerunner of Alekhine's style, and in the mid-20th century the young Spassky - a great connoisseur of Chigorin's games - played in a similar manner..." (Garry Kasparov, On my great predecessors Part I, Everyman Chess, 2003, page 75)

Sources

(1) Olga M Kusakova-Chigorina, My Father, Mikhail Chigorin, Novoye Russkoye Slovo, No. 16290, February 2, 1958. Retrieved from mishanp, August 18, 2010, http://www.chessintranslation.com/2...

(2) Adolf Zinkl in the Neuen Freien Presse of January 28, 1908. Reprinted on pages 40-41 of the February 1908 Wiener Schachzeitung. Provided in "ANNO / Österreichische Nationalbibliothek"

(3) St. Petersburger Zeitung of January 15, 1908. Reprinted on pages 38-40 of the February 1908 Wiener Schachzeitung. Provided in "ANNO / Österreichische Nationalbibliothek"

(4) Rod Edwards, 1877: http://www.edochess.ca/tournaments/... 1879: http://www.edochess.ca/tournaments/... 1880: http://www.edochess.ca/tournaments/...

(5) Rod Edwards, 1880: http://www.edochess.ca/matches/m776...

(6) Rod Edwards, 1880: http://www.edochess.ca/matches/m777... 1881: http://www.edochess.ca/matches/m792...

(7) Rod Edwards, http://www.edochess.ca/players/p388...

(8) Rod Edwards, http://www.edochess.ca/tournaments/...

(9) Rod Edwards, http://www.edochess.ca/matches/m927...

(10) Rod Edwards, http://www.edochess.ca/matches/m101...

(11) Kurt Landsberger, William Steinitz - Chess Champion 2d ed. (McFarland 1995), p.251

(12) Page 6 of the New York Sun, November 20, 1890 (noted by John Blackstone (Las Vegas, NV, USA). Retrieved in Jacques N. Pope's http://www.chessarch.com/excavation... ); and Wilhelm Steinitz on page 4 of the New York Tribune, May 1, 1891. Retrieved in Edward Winter's C.N. 7851, http://www.chesshistory.com/

(13) Rod Edwards, http://www.edochess.ca/matches/m146...

notes: Chigorin played consultation chess on the teams of Lasker / Chigorin / Marshall / Teichmann & Steinitz / Chigorin

Last updated: 2025-04-13 18:15:20

Try our new games table.

 page 1 of 37; games 1-25 of 913  PGN Download
Game  ResultMoves YearEvent/LocaleOpening
1. Chigorin vs Davydow 1-0271874St. PetersburgC37 King's Gambit Accepted
2. V Knorre vs Chigorin 0-1141874St PetersburgC50 Giuoco Piano
3. Chigorin vs Shumov 1-0251875St Petersburg cgC34 King's Gambit Accepted
4. Chigorin vs Gratchevsky  1-0181875Knight Odds Game000 Chess variants
5. NN vs Chigorin 0-1271875St. PetersburgC37 King's Gambit Accepted
6. Chigorin vs Alapin 1-0291875St PetersburgB45 Sicilian, Taimanov
7. Chigorin vs A Ascharin 1-0291875St. Petersburg Chess ClubC27 Vienna Game
8. Winawer vs Chigorin 1-0281875St. Petersburg National tC52 Evans Gambit
9. Chigorin vs A Ascharin 1-0291875St. Petersburg National tB45 Sicilian, Taimanov
10. Schiffers vs Chigorin  0-1371876St. Petersburg Tournament-AC51 Evans Gambit
11. Chigorin vs Shumov 1-0261876St. PetersburgC21 Center Game
12. Shumov vs Chigorin  1-0541876St. PetersburgB40 Sicilian
13. Chigorin vs I Miasnikov / V Kolokoltsev 1-0201876corrC80 Ruy Lopez, Open
14. Chigorin vs I Miasnikov 1-0161876CasualC37 King's Gambit Accepted
15. Chigorin vs Schiffers 0-1361876St. PetersburgC50 Giuoco Piano
16. Chigorin vs A Ascharin  0-1451876St. Petersburg Tournament-AC25 Vienna
17. Chigorin vs A Khardin 1-0371877St. PetersburgC33 King's Gambit Accepted
18. Alapin vs Chigorin 0-1211877St. Petersburg National tC33 King's Gambit Accepted
19. Chigorin vs A Ascharin 1-0251877St. PetersburgB46 Sicilian, Taimanov Variation
20. Chigorin vs M Beskrovny 1-0401877St. PetersburgC59 Two Knights
21. Chigorin vs A Ascharin  ½-½391877St. Petersburg National tC25 Vienna
22. Chigorin vs Alapin  1-0311877St. Petersburg National tC33 King's Gambit Accepted
23. Chigorin vs H Clemenz  0-1241877St. Petersburg National tC30 King's Gambit Declined
24. Chigorin vs Schiffers  1-0501877St. Petersburg National tC31 King's Gambit Declined, Falkbeer Counter Gambit
25. Schiffers vs Chigorin 1-0201877St. Petersburg National tC11 French
 page 1 of 37; games 1-25 of 913  PGN Download
  REFINE SEARCH:   White wins (1-0) | Black wins (0-1) | Draws (1/2-1/2) | Chigorin wins | Chigorin loses  

Kibitzer's Corner
< Earlier Kibitzing  · PAGE 12 OF 12 ·  Later Kibitzing>
Jan-29-16  Chess Is More: He was an orphan but did well for himself. Fischer loves him so much, it's almost peculiar.

Yes, he played Schiffers in 1897. The Russian Empire in those days, is anyone still living? Who remembers?

Feb-12-16  zanzibar: While researching chess and cigars, I came across this material, stated to be written by his daughter:

<

...

He got to know chess himself while he was still a pupil at the Gatchina Orphanage. He was taught by his schoolteacher, while his first serious teacher was the well-known chess player Schiffers.

Chigorin never worked and only contributed to a few newspapers and journals. When he was offered a job in one of the St. Petersburg banks he turned it down due to being overloaded with chess work. He personally considered it unacceptable to receive a salary for only being formally employed, although the Chigorins’ material situation wasn’t particularly brilliant. It was rumoured that my father made a fortune from tournaments, but that was a fairy tale.

...

His talent was at its peak in the years 1891-95. Being a very nervous man, my father could never stand any smells and particularly the smell of cigars, while such serious opponents as Lasker, Steinitz and others wouldn’t let a cigar leave their mouths while they were playing. They enveloped my father in cigar smoke, which he couldn’t stand. He became stressed and made blunders. Someone wrote: there was the impression that Chigorin was almost too lazy to “seize the crown”. He wasn’t lazy, but given his nervousness the cigar smoke simply prevented him from concentrating in the manner required to work out combinations.

...

Painfully sensitive, he had a “fever” for chess, while in the rest of his life he sought silence.

...

Chigorin’s internal makeup was of a man with a good heart and crystalline honesty, but with a difficult character. The defining feature of his nature was his anecdotal absent-mindedness: talking to someone he would often unexpectedly list some chess moves, which would confuse his interlocutor. He frequently looked for a missing piece which he turned out to be gripping in his own hand.

From my earliest years I was told to look after him: had he forgotten to put on his tie, did he take someone else’s hat, and during a downpour did he take a walking stick instead of an umbrella? He often tried to put on two starched shirts at the same time, and not being able to fasten both collars he was all blood and thunder towards the washerwomen. Putting on two waistcoats was a common occurrence for him. Leaving the house with an umbrella he would rarely return with it, having lost it somewhere along the way, though soon afterwards he would bring five of them and put them all down carefully in the correct corner.

...>

http://www.chessintranslation.com/2...

Feb-28-16  Chess Is More: Do we know the daughter wrote this? Are we only speculating at this point?
Apr-07-16  zanzibar: <Chess Is More> I don't know much more than what was in the link.

My impression is that it's believable (look at the details). But a level of skepticism is both healthy, and necessary, in such matters.

If you care to contribute any research...

* * * * *

Here's a little snippet about Chigorin's editorial days:

<Instead of the Shakmatny Listok, which appeared at St. Petersburg for six years under the editorship of Mr. Tschigorin, and died at the end of last year of inanition—a malady, unfortunately, not foreign with Chess periodicals—a new Russian Chess paper—Shakmatny Journal—is started at Moscow by Herr Hellwig. The contents of the first number, July, promise well—Editorial introduction, budget of Chess news from Russia and abroad, six games, two of them being the tie games Steinitz-Winawer, the other four home-made, and eight Problems by Russian composers. Two pages and a half out of the sixteen are devoted to Russian draughts.>

C-M v4 (Oct(?) 1882) p41

<inanition>

1) lack of mental or spiritual vigor and enthusiasm.

2) exhaustion caused by lack of nourishment.

Oct-25-16
Premium Chessgames Member
  perfidious: It is regrettable that Chigorin's temperament got the better of his brilliance in that most crucial of moments against Steinitz, but the world has been bequeathed some magnificent attacking chess, all in all.
May-27-17  zanzibar: <

Event "casual"]
[Site "Moscow RUS"]
[Date "1899.??.??"]
[Round "?"]
[White "Chigorin, Mikhail"]
[Black "Allies"]
[Result "0-1"]
[ECO "C29"]
[EventDate "1899.??.??"]
[Source "NY Literary Digest 1899.12.16"]

1.e4 e5 2.Nc3 Nf6 3.f4 d5 4.d3 exf4 5.Bxf4 Bb4 6.e5 d4 7.exf6 dxc3 8. Qe2+ Be6 9.b3 gxf6 10.Qe4 Nc6 11.Nf3 Qd7 12.a3 O-O-O 13.axb4 Bd5 14. Qe2 Rde8 15.Be3 Bxf3 16.Qxf3 Nd4 17.Qf2 Rxe3+ 18.Kd1 Qg4+ 19.Kc1 Qf4 0-1

>

"This game is worth studying as showing the weakness of the 'Vienna'".

Nov-12-17  brankat: There are no weaknesses in "Vienna". It is a beautiful city.

R.I.P. Master Mikhail.

Feb-25-18  zanzibar: <brankat> ha! Never got to visit it myself, alas.

* * * * *

A nice version of a Chigorin blindfold simul:

https://zanchess.wordpress.com/2018...

Wonder if any of these games were published?

Mar-01-18  tgyuid: II; romulus
Sep-02-18  Jean Defuse: ...

<Chigorin quickest defeat?>

[Event "27-board simultaneous display"]
[Date "1901.09.24"]
[White "Bostandjoglo, M N."]
[Black "Chigorin, Mikhail Ivanovich"]
[Result "1-0"]
[ECO "C65"]
[PlyCount "25"]

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 Nf6 4. O-O Be7 5. Nc3 d6 6. d4 Nd7 7. dxe5 dxe5 8. Qd5 O-O 9. Bxc6 bxc6 10. Qxc6 Nb6 11. Nd5 Bd6 12. Nxb6 cxb6 13. Qxa8 1-0 resigns.

Source: Wiener Schach-Zeitung 1902, p. 16.

...

Sep-02-18  JimNorCal: I quite enjoyed playing over the games in Caissa Editions' book on Chigorin. https://www.amazon.com/Mikhail-Chig...
Aug-07-19  NoraNora: Please get back Chigorin's notable games!
Mar-03-20  Pyrandus: My friends! Do you know (that) Chigorin has make oft some incredible Blunders???
Mar-03-20  Petrosianic: Speaking of blunders, that should be "MADE" some blunders, not "make".
Feb-16-23  AlekhineSyndrome: Mikhail Chigorin:The Creative Chess Genius amzing book amazing player i learnt alot!
Mar-15-24
Premium Chessgames Member
  offramp: Today is the last day of the famous horse racing festival at Cheltenham. It is well-known in the fanous British Irish community.

Here is a tip for <one> of the 7 races today:

14:50 <"Albert Bartlett Novices Hurdle"> a 3 mile race. Thirteen horses. The first 5 horses (at Skybet) will pay out ⅕ of the odds. ATM the horse is 17/2, or "8.5", which are good odds.

The horse <CHIGORIN> is ridden by the stout Rachael Blackmore, trained by the stout Henry de BromheadLOL.

If you have a spare $2, or £2 or €2 or 261,000,000 Stotinki, you could back your <favourite chess player>.

The race will take place in 3 hours from .... NOW!!

Mar-15-24
Premium Chessgames Member
  offramp: Sadly Chigorin ended up last.

https://www.racingpost.com/results/...

Mar-15-24
Premium Chessgames Member
  Sally Simpson: I had 50p e/way on him as 12-1. Broken hearted I am now going through my database changing his name to 'Chignorun.'
May-04-24  lentil: How is his name pronounced?
May-04-24
Premium Chessgames Member
  Sally Simpson: Hi Lentil.

Mikhail = 'meek hail' or something like that.

May-04-24  nimh: There's no k there. KH is a way to render a strong, forceful H in english spelling.

And AI in 'hail' is essentially the same as EI in 'veil', isn't it so?

May-04-24
Premium Chessgames Member
  beatgiant: There's a little pronunciation button at the top of his bio here with a recording of a native speaker.
May-04-24
Premium Chessgames Member
  perfidious: <Geoff> amongst others will be able to verify that, in Cafferty's work on Tal at least, that the names Holmov and Hodos are spelt thus, not Kholmov and Khodos, as seen virtually everywhere else. Another feature is the cities of Erevan and Ekaterinburg rendered in that way.

<nimh>, the pronunciation of 'ei' in veil is indeed the same as the 'long' A. English is a strange and inconsistent language.

May-04-24
Premium Chessgames Member
  offramp: <beatgiant: There's a little pronunciation button at the top of his bio here with a recording of a native speaker.>

Unfortunately this site is constantly barraged of hacking attempts.

The pronunciation of Mikhail Chigorin was hacked and replaced with a line from the film <The Hangover> said by Mr Chow (Ken Jeong).

Wait a sec---it's STILL there!

May-04-24
Premium Chessgames Member
  GoldenKnight: My former boss, a Russian woman whose husband was named Mikhail told me it was pronounced as Mik-ha-IL -- with accent on the last syllable.
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