Anatoly Yevgenyevich Karpov was born in the town of Zlatoust, located in the Southern Ural Mountains in the USSR. He learned to play chess at four years old and became a candidate master by age eleven. At twelve, Karpov was accepted into the chess academy presided over by Mikhail Botvinnik. Karpov won the World Junior Championship in 1969, thereby automatically gaining the title of International Master. In 1970, he became an International Grandmaster by virtue of finishing equal fourth at Caracas. A World Championship Candidate in 1973, he defeated Viktor Korchnoi in the Karpov - Korchnoi Candidates Final (1974) to earn the right to contest the Karpov - Fischer World Championship Match (1975) with World Champion Robert James Fischer. When FIDE declared Fischer forfeited, Karpov became the 12th World Chess Champion, the youngest since Mikhail Tal in 1960.
Karpov defended the championship twice against Korchnoi, in Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match (1978) and Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match (1981). After Karpov - Kasparov World Championship Match (1984/85), which was aborted with Karpov leading by two points over Garry Kasparov, he lost his title to Kasparov in Karpov - Kasparov World Championship Match (1985). He played three more closely contested matches with Kasparov, narrowly losing Kasparov - Karpov World Championship Rematch (1986), drawing Kasparov - Karpov World Championship Match (1987) and again narrowly losing Kasparov - Karpov World Championship Match (1990).
Karpov was thrice Soviet Champion: in 1976*, 1983** and 1988***, on the latter occasion sharing the title with Kasparov. In 1993 Karpov regained the FIDE title against Jan Timman in Karpov - Timman FIDE World Championship Match (1993), after Kasparov had broken away from the organization. He successfully defended his title against Gata Kamsky in Karpov - Kamsky FIDE World Championship Match (1996) and Viswanathan Anand in Karpov - Anand FIDE World Championship Match (1998). In 1999 FIDE changed the rules, deciding that the World Champion would be determined by an annual knockout tournament, and Karpov retired from championship competition.
At Linares (1994), Karpov achieved one of the greatest tournament successes ever, outdistancing Kasparov by 2.5 points, with a tournament performance rating of 2985. In May 1974, his rating reached 2700, only the second player, after Fischer, to do so. **
At age 61 he won the Trophee Anatoly Karpov (2012) rapid tournament on tiebreak over Vasyl Ivanchuk. A year later, at 62, he won the Cap D'Agde (2013).
Outside of chess, Karpov has been linked to the company Petromir, which claimed in 2007 to have found a large natural gas field.****
* [rusbase-1]; ** [rusbase-2]; *** [rusbase-3]
** http://www.olimpbase.org/Elo/Elo197...
**** Miriam Elder, The St. Petersburg Times, Issue # 1242, 2007.02.02, Link: http://sptimes.ru/index.php?action_... and The St. Petersburg Times, Issue # 1246, 2007.02.16, Link: http://sptimes.ru/index.php?action_...
Wikipedia article: Anatoly Karpov